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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Women: Difference between revisions
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Added missing positive verses from Islam and women page for balance
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(→Women cannot travel long journeys except with her mahram: Added another verse on Muhammads wives dress code, as well as linked to justification from Islamic exegetes for these verses applying to all women.) |
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{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | ||
The Islamic tradition has much to say about women and their relation to men. The main, most prominent message is crystal clear: women are the followers of men who are their leaders, and it is their job to obey all that the menfolk in their lives tell them; their place socially is in most ways below that of a man. This is due to the woman's deficient intelligence vis-a-vis men. Due to this deficiency, women are the majority of inhabitants of hell. Women, though, can please their Lord by pleasing their husband. It is the woman's duty to submit sexually and in every other fashion to her husband, and to keep him constantly sexually gratified, so as to keep him from straying from the marriage. If a wife is not sufficiently pleasing to her husband or is rebellious, the husband has many remedies including beating her. Although the wife has many duties, she also has rights; she is entitled to food, shelter, and protection as well as the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even within an Islamic marriage. | The Islamic tradition has much to say about women and their relation to men. The main, most prominent message is crystal clear: women are the followers of men who are their leaders, and it is their job to obey all that the menfolk in their lives tell them; their place socially is in most ways below that of a man. This is due to the woman's deficient intelligence vis-a-vis men. Due to this deficiency, women are the majority of inhabitants of hell. Women, though, can please their Lord by pleasing their husband. It is the woman's duty to submit sexually and in every other fashion to her husband, and to keep him constantly sexually gratified, so as to keep him from straying from the marriage. If a wife is not sufficiently pleasing to her husband or is rebellious, the husband has many remedies including beating her. Although the wife has many duties, she also has rights; she is entitled to food, shelter, and protection as well as the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: he may have up to four wives (though unlimited concubines), and it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even within an Islamic marriage. | ||
==Men and women in the Quran== | ==Men and women in the Quran== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|3|195}}|And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain,- verily, I will blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath;- A reward from the presence of Allah, and from His presence is the best of rewards."}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|3|195}}|And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain,- verily, I will blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath;- A reward from the presence of Allah, and from His presence is the best of rewards."}} | ||
=== | There are a couple of similar verses: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|16|97}}|Whoever does righteousness, whether male or female, while he is a believer - We will surely cause him to live a good life, and We will surely give them their reward [in the Hereafter] according to the best of what they used to do.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|40|40}}|Whoever does an evil deed will not be recompensed except by the like thereof; but whoever does righteousness, whether male or female, while he is a believer - those will enter Paradise, being given provision therein without account.}} | |||
==Kindness and tranquility between Husbands and Wives== | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|30|21}}|And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|19}}|O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion. And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them unless they commit a clear immorality. And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them - perhaps you dislike a thing and Allah makes therein much good.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|187}}|Permitted to you, on the night of the fasts, is the approach to your wives. They are your garments and ye are their garments. Allah knoweth what ye used to do secretly among yourselves; but He turned to you and forgave you; so now associate with them, and seek what Allah Hath ordained for you, and eat and drink, until the white thread of dawn appear to you distinct from its black thread; then complete your fast Till the night appears; but do not associate with your wives while ye are in retreat in the mosques. Those are Limits (set by) Allah: Approach not nigh thereto. Thus doth Allah make clear His Signs to men: that they may learn self-restraint.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|187}}|Permitted to you, on the night of the fasts, is the approach to your wives. They are your garments and ye are their garments. Allah knoweth what ye used to do secretly among yourselves; but He turned to you and forgave you; so now associate with them, and seek what Allah Hath ordained for you, and eat and drink, until the white thread of dawn appear to you distinct from its black thread; then complete your fast Till the night appears; but do not associate with your wives while ye are in retreat in the mosques. Those are Limits (set by) Allah: Approach not nigh thereto. Thus doth Allah make clear His Signs to men: that they may learn self-restraint.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3895}}|Narrated 'Aishah: | |||
that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The best of you is the best to his wives, and I am the best of you to my wives, and when your companion dies, leave him alone."}} | |||
==Believing men and women are allies of one another== | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|71}}|The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Those - Allah will have mercy upon them. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3469}}|Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: | |||
A believing man should not hate a believing woman; if he dislikes one of her characteristics, he will be pleased with another.}} | |||
==Mothers== | ==Mothers== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|“Allah directs you in regard of your Children’s (inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females…. These are settled portions ordained by Allah.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|4|11}}|“Allah directs you in regard of your Children’s (inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females…. These are settled portions ordained by Allah.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|176}}|They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]." If a man dies, leaving no child but [only] a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, '''the male will have the share of two females'''. Allah makes clear to you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|48|826}}|Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: The Prophet said, "Isn't the witness of a women equal to half that of a man?" The women said "yes". He said "This is because of the deficiency of the women's mind."}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|48|826}}|Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: The Prophet said, "Isn't the witness of a women equal to half that of a man?" The women said "yes". He said "This is because of the deficiency of the women's mind."}} | ||
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''All three passages share an important substantive element, which is the possi�bility of waiver of the claim for retaliation by the victim’s kin. In Sūrat al-Baqara (Q. 2), this idea is referred to relative to the perpetrator, using the verb “to pardon” (man ʿufiya la-hu, “whoever is pardoned,” v. 178). In Sūrat al-Nisāʾ (Q. 4) and Sūrat al�Māʾida (Q. 5) it is referred to relative to the claimants, using the verb meaning “to (charitably) waive” (illā an yaṣṣaddaqū, “unless they waive it,” Q. 4:92; man taṣad�daqa,“whoever waives it,” Q. 5:45). The biblical intertexts do not refer to waiver; that fact suggests that the possibility of waiver is part of quranic tort law and that the passage in Sūrat al-Māʾida should not be understood solely as a historical reference. The passage from Sūrat al-Māʾida also shares with that from Sūrat al-Baqara the idea of divine imposition of a law through scripture (prescription: kutiba, “it is/was prescribed”; katabnā, “We prescribe”) and the technical term qiṣāṣ (retaliation). The terminological and doctrinal similarities make it possible to read all three passages together to form a coherent legislative whole.59 They address intentional homicide (Q. 2:178–179; Q. 4:93; Q. 5:45), homicide by mistake (Q. 4:92), intentional wounding (Q. 5:45), and waiver of retaliation for intentional homicide and wounding (Q. 2:178; Q. 5:45). The only topic left unaddressed is unintentional wounding. Subtracting the verse from Sūrat al-Māʾida (Q. 5) form quranic tort law (i.e., reading it solely as a historical reference) would leave intentional wounding unaddressed.''</ref> Both classical<ref>[https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/384850/a-woman%E2%80%99s-diyyah-is-half-of-that-of-the-man A Woman’s Diyyah is Half of That of the Man.] Islamnet.web fatwa. 2018</ref> and modern<ref>Syed Naeem Badshah, & Kifait Ullah Hamdani. (2016). ''The issue of "blood money" or recompense for loss of a life of female; A detailed analysis in the light of Quran, traditions and intellect: The issue of "blood money" or recompense for loss of a life of female; A detailed analysis in the light of Quran, traditions and intellect.'' Al-Azhār University, 2(01), 22–50. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.al-azhaar.org/index.php/alazhar/article/view/379</nowiki></ref> Islamic authorities have taken the value paid for murdered women to avoid retaliation to be half that of a murdered man. | ''All three passages share an important substantive element, which is the possi�bility of waiver of the claim for retaliation by the victim’s kin. In Sūrat al-Baqara (Q. 2), this idea is referred to relative to the perpetrator, using the verb “to pardon” (man ʿufiya la-hu, “whoever is pardoned,” v. 178). In Sūrat al-Nisāʾ (Q. 4) and Sūrat al�Māʾida (Q. 5) it is referred to relative to the claimants, using the verb meaning “to (charitably) waive” (illā an yaṣṣaddaqū, “unless they waive it,” Q. 4:92; man taṣad�daqa,“whoever waives it,” Q. 5:45). The biblical intertexts do not refer to waiver; that fact suggests that the possibility of waiver is part of quranic tort law and that the passage in Sūrat al-Māʾida should not be understood solely as a historical reference. The passage from Sūrat al-Māʾida also shares with that from Sūrat al-Baqara the idea of divine imposition of a law through scripture (prescription: kutiba, “it is/was prescribed”; katabnā, “We prescribe”) and the technical term qiṣāṣ (retaliation). The terminological and doctrinal similarities make it possible to read all three passages together to form a coherent legislative whole.59 They address intentional homicide (Q. 2:178–179; Q. 4:93; Q. 5:45), homicide by mistake (Q. 4:92), intentional wounding (Q. 5:45), and waiver of retaliation for intentional homicide and wounding (Q. 2:178; Q. 5:45). The only topic left unaddressed is unintentional wounding. Subtracting the verse from Sūrat al-Māʾida (Q. 5) form quranic tort law (i.e., reading it solely as a historical reference) would leave intentional wounding unaddressed.''</ref> Both classical<ref>[https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/384850/a-woman%E2%80%99s-diyyah-is-half-of-that-of-the-man A Woman’s Diyyah is Half of That of the Man.] Islamnet.web fatwa. 2018</ref> and modern<ref>Syed Naeem Badshah, & Kifait Ullah Hamdani. (2016). ''The issue of "blood money" or recompense for loss of a life of female; A detailed analysis in the light of Quran, traditions and intellect: The issue of "blood money" or recompense for loss of a life of female; A detailed analysis in the light of Quran, traditions and intellect.'' Al-Azhār University, 2(01), 22–50. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.al-azhaar.org/index.php/alazhar/article/view/379</nowiki></ref> Islamic authorities have taken the value paid for murdered women to avoid retaliation to be half that of a murdered man. | ||
====Women will Never | ====Women will Never Fulfil her Husband's Rights Over Her==== | ||
{{Quote||If a woman offered one of her breasts to be cooked and the other to be roasted, she still will fall short of fulfilling her obligations to her husband. And besides that if she disobeys her husband even for a twinkling of an eye, she would be thrown in the lowest part of Hell, except she repents and turns back.<ref>Tuffaha, Ahmad Zaky, Al-Mar'ah wal- Islam, Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani, Beirut, first edition, 1985, p. 176. It is also quoted in Al-Musanaf by Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn 'Abd Allah Ibn Mousa Al-Kanadi who lived 557H., vol. 1 part 2, p. 255. </ref>}} | {{Quote||If a woman offered one of her breasts to be cooked and the other to be roasted, she still will fall short of fulfilling her obligations to her husband. And besides that if she disobeys her husband even for a twinkling of an eye, she would be thrown in the lowest part of Hell, except she repents and turns back.<ref>Tuffaha, Ahmad Zaky, Al-Mar'ah wal- Islam, Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani, Beirut, first edition, 1985, p. 176. It is also quoted in Al-Musanaf by Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn 'Abd Allah Ibn Mousa Al-Kanadi who lived 557H., vol. 1 part 2, p. 255. </ref>}} | ||