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The [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Fard|obligation]] for Muslim [[Islam and Women|women]] to wear the [[Hijab]] is agreed upon by all traditional schools of [[Islamic jurisprudence]].  Although all of the schools of jurisprudence agree on the need for women to wear the hijab, modern discourse around the reason for this obligation vary a great deal. The verses from the [[Qur'an]] which describe this obligation indicate that protecting the modesty of the hijabi women is its main aim, however investigating the [[Revelational Circumstances of the Quran|revelational circumstances]] of the verses describing this obligation show that, despite modern discourse the reasoning for this obligation was to keep the shape and features of women mysterious all men.  
The [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Fard|obligation]] for Muslim [[Islam and Women|women]] to wear the [[Hijab]] is agreed upon by all traditional schools of [[Islamic jurisprudence]].  Although all of the schools of jurisprudence agree on the need for women to wear the hijab, modern discourse around the reason for this obligation vary a great deal. The verses from the [[Qur'an]] which describe this obligation indicate that protecting the modesty of the hijabi women is its main aim, however investigating the [[Revelational Circumstances of the Quran|revelational circumstances]] of the verses describing this obligation show that, despite modern discourse the reasoning for this obligation was to keep the shape and features of women mysterious all men.  


==Qur'an Ayahs Regarding the Hijab==
==In the Quran==
The Qur'an generally advances the view that an unveiled woman is to some extent deliberately exposing herself to the increased possibility of harassment or assault. Consequently, the idea that the criminal's culpability in some way reduced as a result of this "encouragement" is widespread among Islamic scholars and societies.


===Surah 24:31===
This reasoning differ significantly from the story found in the hadith regarding the reason for the revelation of the hijab requirements, where ideas of modesty and protection against assault are absent. Critics have suggested that if the story found in the hadith regarding the revelation of the hijab verses is reliable, then the reasoning of modesty given in the verses was most likely a latter rationalization of the practice on Muhammad's part rather than the original motivation.


{{quote |{{Quran|24|31}}|'''Yusuf Ali:'''And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; '''that they should draw their veils over their bosoms''' and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.  
===Quran 24:31===
{{Quran|24|31}} states that the purpose of the hijab is to hide women's [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup|beauty]] from men.{{quote |{{Quran|24|31}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; '''that they should draw their veils over their bosoms''' and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards Allah, that ye may attain Bliss.  


'''Pickthal:''' And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and be modest, and to display of their adornment only that which is apparent, '''and to draw their veils over their bosoms''', and not to reveal their adornment save to their own husbands or fathers or husbands' fathers, or their sons or their husbands' sons, or their brothers or their brothers' sons or sisters' sons, or their women, or their slaves, or male attendants who lack vigour, or children who know naught of women's nakedness. And let them not stamp their feet so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment. And turn unto Allah together, O believers, in order that ye may succeed.  
'''Pickthal:''' And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and be modest, and to display of their adornment only that which is apparent, '''and to draw their veils over their bosoms''', and not to reveal their adornment save to their own husbands or fathers or husbands' fathers, or their sons or their husbands' sons, or their brothers or their brothers' sons or sisters' sons, or their women, or their slaves, or male attendants who lack vigour, or children who know naught of women's nakedness. And let them not stamp their feet so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment. And turn unto Allah together, O believers, in order that ye may succeed.  
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'''Shakir:''' And say to the believing women that they cast down their looks and guard their private parts and do not display their ornaments except what appears thereof, '''and let them wear their head-coverings over their bosoms''', and not display their ornaments except to their husbands or their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or the sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or those whom their right hands possess, or the male servants not having need (of women), or the children who have not attained knowledge of what is hidden of women; and let them not strike their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may be known; and turn to Allah all of you, O believers! so that you may be successful.}}
'''Shakir:''' And say to the believing women that they cast down their looks and guard their private parts and do not display their ornaments except what appears thereof, '''and let them wear their head-coverings over their bosoms''', and not display their ornaments except to their husbands or their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or the sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or those whom their right hands possess, or the male servants not having need (of women), or the children who have not attained knowledge of what is hidden of women; and let them not strike their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may be known; and turn to Allah all of you, O believers! so that you may be successful.}}


===Surah 33:59===
===Quran 33:59===
 
{{Quran|33|59}} states that the purpose of the hijab is to distinguish free Muslim women (presumably from non-Muslim or slave women, who do not have to observe the hijab) in order to prevent them from being molested/harassed.{{quote |{{Quran|33|59}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.  
{{quote |{{Quran|33|59}}|'''Yusuf Ali:''' O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.  


'''Pickthal:''' O Prophet! Tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close round them (when they go abroad). That will be better, so that they may be recognized and not annoyed. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.  
'''Pickthal:''' O Prophet! Tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close round them (when they go abroad). That will be better, so that they may be recognized and not annoyed. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.  
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'''Shakir:''' O Prophet! say to your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers that they let down upon them their over-garments; this will be more proper, that they may be known, and thus they will not be given trouble; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}
'''Shakir:''' O Prophet! say to your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers that they let down upon them their over-garments; this will be more proper, that they may be known, and thus they will not be given trouble; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}


The first verse above states that the purpose is to hide women's [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Beauty and Makeup|beauty]] from men. The second verse makes it clear that it is to distinguish them (presumably from non-Muslim or slave women, who do not have to observe the hijab) in order to prevent them from being molested/harassed.
==Revelation of the hijab verses==
 
The view that an unveiled woman is at least deliberately exposing herself to the increased possibility of sexual harassment or assault (thereby diminishing the criminal's culpability in some way) is widespread among Islamic scholars and societies. However, the ahadith for the initial revelation of the hijab appear to present an very different reasoning for the practice, and ideas of modesty and protection against assault seem absent. While 24:31 suggests modesty as a reason for the hijab, this appears to have been a reasoning provided later on and having little or nothing to do with the initial prescription.
 
==Revelation of the Hijab Verses==


===Umar bin Al-Khattab's Involvement===
===Umar bin Al-Khattab's involvement===


{{quote |{{Bukhari|1|4|148}}|Narrated 'Aisha:  
{{quote |{{Bukhari|1|4|148}}|Narrated 'Aisha:  
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In addition to the personal hijab, a 'house hijab' is also required to separate the women of the house from visitors; in the form of a separating, opaque screen. This was also a situational revelation. Muhammad was annoyed that people stayed and chatted with his wives after having dinner at his house, so Allah revealed a verse requiring a separation.
In addition to the personal hijab, a 'house hijab' is also required to separate the women of the house from visitors; in the form of a separating, opaque screen. This was also a situational revelation. Muhammad was annoyed that people stayed and chatted with his wives after having dinner at his house, so Allah revealed a verse requiring a separation.


==See Also==
==See also==


{{Hub4|Hijab|Hijab}}
{{Hub4|Hijab|Hijab}}


{{Translation-links-english|[[La_Revelation_sur_le_Hijab|French]], [[La Revelación de la Hijab|Spanish]], [[Ortunmenin Vahyolunması|Turkish]]}}
==External links==
 
==External Links==


*{{external link| url = http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/05/23/does-a-womans-clothing-seduce-rapists/| title = Does a woman’s clothing seduce rapists?| publisher = Nigeria Intel| author = Bayo Olupohunda| date = May 23, 2013| archiveurl = http://archive.is/ac97A| deadurl = no}}
*{{external link| url = http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/05/23/does-a-womans-clothing-seduce-rapists/| title = Does a woman’s clothing seduce rapists?| publisher = Nigeria Intel| author = Bayo Olupohunda| date = May 23, 2013| archiveurl = http://archive.is/ac97A| deadurl = no}}
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