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Umm Qirfa: Difference between revisions
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Umm Qirfa was an | '''Umm Qirfa''' was an elderly Arab woman contemporaneous to [[Muhammad]], the prophet of [[Islam]]. She is said to have belonged to a [[Pagan Origins of Islam|pagan]] tribe named Banu Fazara at the valley of al-Qurra. The elderly woman was also said to be a chief of her clan, which was brutally [[Jihad in Islamic Law|killed]] when Muhammad and [[Companion|his followers]] [[List of expeditions of Muhammad|raided]] and overpowered them. The attack took place almost six years after Muhammad’s Hijra (هِجْرَة Migration) to [[Medina]] in 622 AD. Traditional sources recount how Muhammad's companions tied Umm Qirfa to a pair of camels which, after being made to run in opposite directions, tore her body in half. | ||
== | ==Umm Qirfa in the sirahs== | ||
===Ibn Ishaq and Tabari=== | ===Ibn Ishaq and Tabari=== | ||
[[Ibn Ishaq]], the first | [[Ibn Ishaq]], the first biographer of Muhammad recounts the incident of the attack on the Banu Fazara as well the incident of her "cruel" execution [[Sirat Rasul Allah]]: | ||
{{Quote|Ibn Ishaq 980| '''Zayd B. Haritha’s raid on Banu Fazara and the Death of Umm Qirfa''' | {{Quote|Ibn Ishaq 980| '''Zayd B. Haritha’s raid on Banu Fazara and the Death of Umm Qirfa'''<br>Zayd also raided Wadi-l-Qurra where he met Banu Fazara and some of his companions were killed; he himself carried wounded from the field. Ward b. Amr b. Madash one of B. Sad b. Hudhayl was killed by one of B. Badr whose name Sa’d b. Hudhaym. When Zayd came he swore that he would use no ablution until he raided B. Fazara; and when he recovered from his wounds the apostle sent him against them with a force. He fought them in Wadi-al-Qura and killed some of them. Qays b. al-Musahhar al-Yamuri killed Mas’ada b. Hakama b. Malik b. Hudhayfa b. Badr and Umm Qirfa Fatima was taken prisoner. She was a very old woman, wife of Malik. Her daughter and Abdulla b. Mas’ada were also taken. Zaid ordered Qays b al-Musahhar to kill Umm Qirfa and he killed her cruelly. }} | ||
Zayd also raided Wadi-l-Qurra where he met Banu Fazara and some of his companions were killed; he himself carried wounded from the field. Ward b. Amr b. Madash one of B. Sad b. Hudhayl was killed by one of B. Badr whose name Sa’d b. Hudhaym. When Zayd came he swore that he would use no ablution until he raided B. Fazara; and when he recovered from his wounds the apostle sent him against them with a force. He fought them in Wadi-al-Qura and killed some of them. Qays b. al-Musahhar al-Yamuri killed Mas’ada b. Hakama b. Malik b. Hudhayfa b. Badr and Umm Qirfa Fatima was taken prisoner. She was a very old woman, wife of Malik. Her daughter and Abdulla b. Mas’ada were also taken. Zaid ordered Qays b al-Musahhar to kill Umm Qirfa and he killed her cruelly. }} | |||
“And he killed her cruelly”. The cruel method used by Muhammad's warriors to kill Umm Qirfa is described in Al-Tabari:<BR>'''“By putting a rope into her two legs and to two camels and driving them until they rent her in two....”'''<ref>The History of Al-Tabari: the Victory of Islam, trans. Michael Fishbein, vol. 8, SUNYP, 1997, pp. 95-97</ref> | “And he killed her cruelly”. The cruel method used by Muhammad's warriors to kill Umm Qirfa is described in Al-Tabari:<BR>'''“By putting a rope into her two legs and to two camels and driving them until they rent her in two....”'''<ref>The History of Al-Tabari: the Victory of Islam, trans. Michael Fishbein, vol. 8, SUNYP, 1997, pp. 95-97</ref> | ||
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{{Quote|Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar: Page 152|An expedition led by Abu Bakr As-Siddiq or Zaid bin Haritha was despatched to Wadi Al-Qura in Ramadan 6 Hijri after Fazara sept had made an attempt at the Prophet’s life. Following the morning prayer, the detachment was given orders to raid the enemy. Some of them were killed and others captured. Amongst the captives, were Umm Qirfa and her beautiful daughter, who was sent to Makkah as a ransom for the release of some Muslim prisoners there. Umm Qirfa’s attempts at the Prophet’s life recoiled on her, and the thirty horsemen she had gathered and sustained to implement her evil scheme were all killed.}} | {{Quote|Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar: Page 152|An expedition led by Abu Bakr As-Siddiq or Zaid bin Haritha was despatched to Wadi Al-Qura in Ramadan 6 Hijri after Fazara sept had made an attempt at the Prophet’s life. Following the morning prayer, the detachment was given orders to raid the enemy. Some of them were killed and others captured. Amongst the captives, were Umm Qirfa and her beautiful daughter, who was sent to Makkah as a ransom for the release of some Muslim prisoners there. Umm Qirfa’s attempts at the Prophet’s life recoiled on her, and the thirty horsemen she had gathered and sustained to implement her evil scheme were all killed.}} | ||
== | ==Umm Qirfa in the hadiths== | ||
The account found in “The Sealed Nectar” is derived from a Sahih Muslim Hadith in regards to the incident. Though somewhat descriptive, the Sahih Muslim Hadith does not mention the fate of Umm Qirfa. | The account found in “The Sealed Nectar” is derived from a Sahih Muslim Hadith in regards to the incident. Though somewhat descriptive, the Sahih Muslim Hadith does not mention the fate of Umm Qirfa. | ||
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{{Quote||What happened to Umm Qirfa and her daughter is against the teachings of Islam.}} | {{Quote||What happened to Umm Qirfa and her daughter is against the teachings of Islam.}} | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[The Genocide of Banu Qurayza]] | * [[The Genocide of Banu Qurayza]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||