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WikiIslam:Sandbox/Islamophobia - essay: Difference between revisions
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{{essay|LawrenceGilmore}} | |||
'''Islamophobia''' is a neologism formed from [[Islam]] and -[[phobia]]. It refers to prejudice against, hatred towards, or irrational fear of Muslims. In 1997, the British Runnymede Trust defined Islamophobia as the "dread or hatred of Islam and therefore, [the] fear and dislike of all Muslims," stating that it also refers to the practice of discriminating against Muslims by excluding them from the economic, social, and public life of the nation. | '''Islamophobia''' is a neologism formed from [[Islam]] and -[[phobia]]. It refers to prejudice against, hatred towards, or irrational fear of Muslims. In 1997, the British Runnymede Trust defined Islamophobia as the "dread or hatred of Islam and therefore, [the] fear and dislike of all Muslims," stating that it also refers to the practice of discriminating against Muslims by excluding them from the economic, social, and public life of the nation. | ||
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The 1997 report is responsible for shaping the modern definition of Islamophobia, comprised of the following: | The 1997 report is responsible for shaping the modern definition of Islamophobia, comprised of the following: | ||
# Islam is seen as a monolithic bloc, static and unresponsive to change. | |||
# Islam is seen as separate and 'other'. It does not have values in common with other cultures, is not affected by them and does not influence them. | |||
# Islam is seen as inferior to the West. It is seen as barbaric, irrational, primitive and sexist. | |||
# Islam is seen as violent, aggressive, threatening, supportive of terrorism and engaged in a 'clash of civilizations'. | |||
# Islam is seen as a political ideology and is used for political or military advantage. | |||
# Criticisms made of the West by Islam are rejected out of hand. | |||
# Hostility towards Islam is used to justify discriminatory practices towards Muslims and exclusion of Muslims from mainstream society. | |||
# Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as natural or normal | |||
===Criticisms of Runnymede's Assessment of Islam=== | ===Criticisms of Runnymede's Assessment of Islam=== | ||
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===Public Presence/Statistics=== | ===Public Presence/Statistics=== | ||
Islamophobia predated the September 11th terrorist attacks but received little recognition until 2001. Consequentially, media's fixation on Islamic terrorism fortified (intentionally and unintentionally) Western animus towards Muslims. A study conducted in 2008 revealed that around 50% of American Muslims report feeling discriminated against, compared to 31 percent of Mormons and 25 percent of nonreligious people. In Eastern countries, 57% of people perceive the west as intolerant towards its Muslim citizenry. This same document mentions that prejudice is more prominent within less educated circles, and that Republican Party members are more likely to have unfavorable opinions concerning Islam. Nevertheless, American Muslims report higher level of assimilation when compared with Africa, Asia and Europe. | Islamophobia predated the September 11th terrorist attacks but received little recognition until 2001. Consequentially, media's fixation on Islamic terrorism fortified (intentionally and unintentionally) Western animus towards Muslims. A study conducted in 2008 revealed that around 50% of American Muslims report feeling discriminated against, compared to 31 percent of Mormons and 25 percent of nonreligious people. In Eastern countries, 57% of people perceive the west as intolerant towards its Muslim citizenry. This same document mentions that prejudice is more prominent within less educated circles, and that Republican Party members are more likely to have unfavorable opinions concerning Islam. Nevertheless, American Muslims report higher level of assimilation when compared with Africa, Asia and Europe. <ref>Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the Wet</ref> | ||
These studies are not conclusive. One study conducted by the FBI reports that Islamophobia's presence is largely imagined, and that Muslims experience far less hate crime than other prominent minorities. "FBI-tabulated incidents of anti-Islamic hate crime fell from 157 in 2011 to 130 in 2012, a decrease of 17.2 percent. Incidents of hate crime spanning all victim groups dropped by only 6.8 percent, 6,222 to 5,796. | These studies are not conclusive. One study conducted by the FBI reports that Islamophobia's presence is largely imagined, and that Muslims experience far less hate crime than other prominent minorities. "FBI-tabulated incidents of anti-Islamic hate crime fell from 157 in 2011 to 130 in 2012, a decrease of 17.2 percent. Incidents of hate crime spanning all victim groups dropped by only 6.8 percent, 6,222 to 5,796" <ref>http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/hate-crime/2012/topic-pages/victims/victims_final</ref> | ||
===Social Implications=== | ===Social Implications=== | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{Hub4|Phobia|Phobia}} | {{Hub4|Phobia|Phobia}} | ||
[[Category:Terms and Definitions]] | <!-- [[Category:Terms and Definitions]] | ||
[[Category:Logical fallacies]] | [[Category:Logical fallacies]] --> | ||