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===Secondary Sources=== | ===Secondary Sources=== | ||
In scholarship, a secondary source is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. For example, a statement by a scholar about a certain battle in the history of Islam would be a secondary source. The news articles | In scholarship, a secondary source is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere. For example, a statement by a scholar about a certain battle in the history of Islam would be a secondary source. The news articles [http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888 "Productivity suffers during holy month"] and "[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1319257/Outcry-over-Malaysian-child-marriages Outcry over Malaysian child marriages]" that report on a development or an incident are also secondary sources. Secondary sources involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of the original information. Primary and secondary are relative terms, and some sources may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how it is used. | ||
===Tertiary Sources=== | ===Tertiary Sources=== | ||
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===Religious Sources=== | ===Religious Sources=== | ||
The primary religious sources for Islam include the Qur'an and [[Hadith]] collections. WikiIslam | The primary religious sources for Islam include the Qur'an and [[Hadith]] collections. Until 2017, WikiIslam used the University of Southern California Muslim Students Association's [[Compendium of Muslim Texts]] (USC-MSA). This included the respected and widely accepted Qur'an translations of Yusuf Ali, Marmaduke Pickthal and M. H. Shakir. Hadith translations available from the Compendium of Muslim Texts were the translation of Sahih Al-Bukhari by Muhsin Khan, the translation of Sahih Muslim by Abd-al-Hamid Siddiqui, the translation of Sunan Abu Dawud by Ahmad Hasan, and the translation of Malik's Muwatta by A'isha Abd-al-Rahman al-Tarjumana and Ya'qub Johnson. This compendium ceased to function in late 2016, and so is no longer used by Wikiislam. | ||
From 2017 to the time of writing, Quranx.com is used for both Qur'an and hadith citations by means of templates as described on the [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/WikiIslam:Citing_Sources#Islamic_Text citing sources page]. Quranx.com contains all of the sources and translations from the compendium, including hadiths that were omitted in the USC-MSA collections, as well as additional hadith collections. | |||
Other useful resources concerning primary religious sources are the [http://www.islamawakened.com/Quran/ Master Ayat (Verse) Index] from IslamAwakened.com which provides 34 compared English translations, and the [http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/1/lang/englishliteral/ iKnowledge Qur'an] from IslamicNature.com which provides the English literal translation. The hadith collection at [http://www.searchtruth.com/hadith_books.php SearchTruth.com] is also useful due to including a few narrations that have oddly been misplaced/removed from the Compendium. | Other useful resources concerning primary religious sources are the [http://www.islamawakened.com/Quran/ Master Ayat (Verse) Index] from IslamAwakened.com which provides 34 compared English translations, and the [http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/1/lang/englishliteral/ iKnowledge Qur'an] from IslamicNature.com which provides the English literal translation. The hadith collection at [http://www.searchtruth.com/hadith_books.php SearchTruth.com] is also useful due to including a few narrations that have oddly been misplaced/removed from the Compendium. | ||
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Generally any translation of the Qur'an not included in the Compendium of Muslim Texts (other than the literal translation) should be avoided. In particular, the translations by orientalists (e.g. Arthur John Arberry, Edward Henry Palmer, George Sale, John Medows Rodwell and N J Dawood) or obscure translations by "progressives" that are not accepted by mainstream Muslims (e.g. Rashad Khalifa, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Laleh Bakhtiar). | Generally any translation of the Qur'an not included in the Compendium of Muslim Texts (other than the literal translation) should be avoided. In particular, the translations by orientalists (e.g. Arthur John Arberry, Edward Henry Palmer, George Sale, John Medows Rodwell and N J Dawood) or obscure translations by "progressives" that are not accepted by mainstream Muslims (e.g. Rashad Khalifa, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Laleh Bakhtiar). | ||
Apologetic or "dialogue" sites should also be avoided due to not being reliable sources concerning mainstream Islamic thought. By their very nature, they are there to defend Islam from ''criticism'', they are ''not'' there to reflect current Muslim thought on anything. They are just as guilty of the bias sites such as [[Jihad Watch]] or [[Faith Freedom International]] are accused of. However, on the rare occasions they may actually agree with the views of scholarly Muslim sources, they may be used as a supplementary source. | Apologetic or "dialogue" sites should also be avoided due to not being reliable sources concerning mainstream Islamic thought. By their very nature, they are there to defend Islam from ''criticism'', they are ''not'' there to reflect current Muslim thought on anything. They are just as guilty of the type of bias that sites such as [[Jihad Watch]] or [[Faith Freedom International]] are accused of. However, on the rare occasions they may actually agree with the views of scholarly Muslim sources, they may be used as a supplementary source. | ||
===Other Sources=== | ===Other Sources=== | ||
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Statements of fact concerning Islam from polemic sources such as books, articles or commentaries by individuals such as Robert Spencer, Pamela Gellar, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Mark A. Gabriel, Wafa Sultan, Ali Sina, Walid Shoebat, Brigitte Gabriel etc. are not to be used under any circumstances as references on WikiIslam. If editors come across any such statements, they must remove them immediately. | Statements of fact concerning Islam from polemic sources such as books, articles or commentaries by individuals such as Robert Spencer, Pamela Gellar, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Mark A. Gabriel, Wafa Sultan, Ali Sina, Walid Shoebat, Brigitte Gabriel etc. are not to be used under any circumstances as references on WikiIslam. If editors come across any such statements, they must remove them immediately. | ||
Excluding the [[Islam in the News]] section, news sources that could be considered "right-wing" or "Jewish/Zionist" should also be avoided when possible (e.g. Fox News, WorldNetDaily, FrontPage Magazine, National Review or the Daily Mail). In the majority of cases, news sources such as the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse or Reuters would have also covered the story. | Excluding the [[Islam in the News]] section, news sources that could be considered "right-wing" or "Jewish/Zionist" should also be avoided when possible (e.g. Fox News, WorldNetDaily, FrontPage Magazine, National Review, Daily Caller or the Daily Mail). In the majority of cases, news sources such as the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse or Reuters would have also covered the story. | ||
==Additional Notes== | ==Additional Notes== | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[ | *[[WikiIslam:Citing Sources]] | ||
*[[WikiIslam:Frequently Asked Questions#How is WikiIslam different from Wikipedia?|How is WikiIslam different from Wikipedia?]] ''(Differences concerning "non-notable/reliable" sources)'' | *[[WikiIslam:Frequently Asked Questions#How is WikiIslam different from Wikipedia?|How is WikiIslam different from Wikipedia?]] ''(Differences concerning "non-notable/reliable" sources)'' | ||