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Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie | The '''Satanic Verses controversy''' refers to the heated and frequently violent reaction of Muslims to the publication of Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie's fourth novel ''[[Satanic Verses|The Satanic Verses]]'', which was first published in 1988. Muslims were offended even by its title, thinking it implied that the [[Qur'an]] was "the work of the Devil."<ref>John D. Erickson. (1998). Islam and Postcolonial Narrative. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</ref> | ||
It was subsequently banned in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Sudan]], [[South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kenya]], [[Thailand]], [[Tanzania]], [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], and Venezuela following the angry and violent reaction from Muslims.<ref>Ian Richard Netton. (1996). Text and Trauma: An East-West Primer. Richmond, UK: Routledge Curzon.</ref> | It was subsequently banned in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Sudan]], [[South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kenya]], [[Thailand]], [[Tanzania]], [[Indonesia]], [[Singapore]], and Venezuela following the angry and violent reaction from Muslims.<ref>Ian Richard Netton. (1996). Text and Trauma: An East-West Primer. Richmond, UK: Routledge Curzon.</ref> | ||
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In the [[United Kingdom]], there were six separate bombings at various bookstores in London and York, and an additional three stores around the UK discovered unexploded devices on their premises. This unexpected level of violence resulted in almost no-one daring to sell the novel openly in the UK.<ref>Pipes, (1990) p.169-171</ref> | In the [[United Kingdom]], there were six separate bombings at various bookstores in London and York, and an additional three stores around the UK discovered unexploded devices on their premises. This unexpected level of violence resulted in almost no-one daring to sell the novel openly in the UK.<ref>Pipes, (1990) p.169-171</ref> | ||
In 1989 [[Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini]] issued a [[fatwa]] ordering Muslims to kill Rushdie, and Ayatollah Hassan Saneii in 2003 offered a bounty of $3 million<ref>James Hamilton - [http://web.archive.org/web/20030404010417/http://www.sundayherald.com/print31454 Revived fatwa puts $3m bounty on Rushdie] - Sunday Herald, February 16, 2003</ref> to whomever accomplishes the task. In 2003, the Revolutionary Guards of Iran renewed the fatwa.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2765303.stm Iran 'renews' Rushdie death sentence] - BBC News, February 15, 2003</ref> | In 1989 [[Imam Khomeini|Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini]] issued a [[fatwa]] ordering Muslims to kill Rushdie, and Ayatollah Hassan Saneii in 2003 offered a bounty of $3 million<ref>James Hamilton - [http://web.archive.org/web/20030404010417/http://www.sundayherald.com/print31454 Revived fatwa puts $3m bounty on Rushdie] - Sunday Herald, February 16, 2003</ref> to whomever accomplishes the task. In 2003, the Revolutionary Guards of Iran renewed the fatwa.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2765303.stm Iran 'renews' Rushdie death sentence] - BBC News, February 15, 2003</ref> | ||
The famous [[Converts to Islam|convert to Islam]], Yusuf Islam (formerly Cat Stevens), voiced his support for the fatwa,<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat_Stevens%27_comments_about_Salman_Rushdie&oldid=344531220 Cat Stevens' comments about Salman Rushdie] - Wikipedia, accessed September 29, 2010</ref> as did many Western Islamic bodies, such as the European ''Union of Islamic Students` Associations'' which issued a statement offering its services to Khomeini, and the ''Muslim Parliament of Great Britain''.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/177987.stm Rushdie's relief over fatwa move] - BBC News, September 23, 1998</ref><ref>Karen Edwards - [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/rushdie-death-warrant-intact-726733.html Rushdie death warrant intact] - The Independent, February 13, 2000</ref> | The famous [[Converts to Islam|convert to Islam]], Yusuf Islam (formerly Cat Stevens), voiced his support for the fatwa,<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat_Stevens%27_comments_about_Salman_Rushdie&oldid=344531220 Cat Stevens' comments about Salman Rushdie] - Wikipedia, accessed September 29, 2010</ref> as did many Western Islamic bodies, such as the European ''Union of Islamic Students` Associations'' which issued a statement offering its services to Khomeini, and the ''Muslim Parliament of Great Britain''.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/177987.stm Rushdie's relief over fatwa move] - BBC News, September 23, 1998</ref><ref>Karen Edwards - [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/rushdie-death-warrant-intact-726733.html Rushdie death warrant intact] - The Independent, February 13, 2000</ref> | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{Hub4|Free Speech|Free Speech}} | |||
{{Hub4|Satanic Verses|Satanic Verses}} | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
[[Category:Islamic Law]] | [[Category:Islamic Law]] | ||