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Takfeer: Difference between revisions
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{{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=3|Content=2|Language= | {{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=3|Content=2|Language=3|References=2}} | ||
Takfeer (تكفير) is an Islamic term for excommunication. Even if a Muslim insists that he or she believes in Islam, he can be declared a non-Muslim by other Muslims according to the doctrine of takfeer. When he is declared a non-Muslim, he is considered an apostate. The punishment for apostasy according to traditional Islamic jurisprudence is the death penalty. Theoretically good Muslims shouldn't kill one another, however with takfeer, it's practically possible (although in the view of the killer they're killing non-Muslim apostates). | Takfeer (تكفير) is an Islamic term for excommunication. Even if a Muslim insists that he or she believes in Islam, he can be declared a non-Muslim by other Muslims according to the doctrine of takfeer. When he is declared a non-Muslim, he is considered an apostate. The punishment for apostasy according to traditional Islamic jurisprudence is the death penalty. Theoretically good Muslims shouldn't kill one another, however with takfeer, it's practically possible (although in the view of the killer they're killing non-Muslim apostates). | ||
==The word== | ==The word== | ||
The word is from the root كفر (k-f-r), just like the word kaafir (كافر). Arabic has 10 basic verb forms. The word kaafir is from the form I (known in Arab grammar as wazn fa'ala وزن فعل) and the word takfeer is from the form II (called wazn fa | The word is from the root كفر (k-f-r), just like the word kaafir (كافر). Arabic has 10 basic verb forms. The word kaafir is from the form I (known in Arab grammar as wazn fa'ala وزن فعل) and the word takfeer is from the form II (called wazn fa'ala in Arabic وزن فعّل''). ''The form II is usually causative of form I. So takfeer means "cause to be a kafir" or "make him a kafir" id est "to declare someone a kafir." | ||
==In the Quran== | ==In the Quran== | ||
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* Due to this hadith burning people alive, not killing them but just this specific method of execution, is usually regarded as wrong in both the Sunni | *Due to this hadith burning people alive, not killing them but just this specific method of execution, is usually regarded as wrong in both the Sunni and Shi'ite traditions since this is the punishment Allah reserves for the disbelievers in hell, however here it is the caliph Ali who burned them alive. This is interesting since he is considered one of the "rightly guided caliphs" by Sunni Muslims and the one true successor to Muhammad by Shi'ites. | ||
==Takfeer without reason== | ==Takfeer without reason== | ||
It's forbidden to declare someone a Kafir without a reason. If a Muslim does takfeer without a reason, then he himself becomes a kafir: | It's forbidden to declare someone a Kafir without a reason according to this hadith. If a Muslim does takfeer without a reason, then he himself becomes a kafir: | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|125}}| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|125}}| | ||
Narrated Abu Huraira: | Narrated Abu Huraira: | ||
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It's from the chapter "Whoever calls his brother a Kafir '''without any grounds'''". | It's from the chapter "Whoever calls his brother a Kafir '''without any grounds'''". It is thus not a blanket condemnation of the very idea of takfeer. | ||
==Ten nullifiers of Islam== | ==Ten nullifiers of Islam== | ||
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The ten nullifiers are: | The ten nullifiers are: | ||
* Shirk or associating others in worship with Allah | |||
* Ascribing intermediaries to Allah | *Shirk or associating others in worship with Allah | ||
* Not regarding the mushrikeen as | *Ascribing intermediaries to Allah | ||
* Believing that the guidance of someone other than the Prophet | *Not regarding the mushrikeen as kufaar (disbelievers or infidels) | ||
* Hating something that was brought by the Messenger | *Believing that the guidance of someone other than the Prophet is more perfect than his guidance | ||
* Ridiculing any aspect of the religion of the Messenger | *Hating something that was brought by the Messenger | ||
* Sihr (magic or witchcraft) | *Ridiculing any aspect of the religion of the Messenger | ||
* Supporting the mushrikeen and helping them against the Muslims | *Sihr (magic or witchcraft) | ||
* Believing that it is permissible for some people to go beyond the bounds of sharee‘ah | *Supporting the mushrikeen and helping them against the Muslims | ||
* Turning away from the religion of Allah, and not learning it or acting in accordance with it | *Believing that it is permissible for some people to go beyond the bounds of sharee‘ah | ||
*Turning away from the religion of Allah, and not learning it or acting in accordance with it | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Modern movements]] | |||
[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] | |||
[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]] | |||
[[Category:Human rights]] | |||
[[Category:Criticism of Islam]] | |||
[[Category:Salafism]] | |||
[[Category:Jihad]] | |||
[[Category:Slavery]] | |||