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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and Deception: Difference between revisions
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Lying is generally considered a sin for believers by Islamic jurists, but this is not a blanket judgement. The tradition records Muhammad lying and [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Oaths|breaking oaths]] on a number of occasions when it served his purpose, particularly when it came to warfare. Such was his fodness for the tactic that there are two instances of [[sahih]] hadith recording his saying: "war is deceit." In addition, Allah himself is recorded as being "the best deceiver" and leading those he disapproves of to the fire; in fact, according to the doctrine of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination|qadr]] all those who go to hell are deliberately decieved by Allah into this final doom. | |||
==Qur'an== | ==Qur'an== | ||
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===="Best Deceiver"==== | ===="Best Deceiver"==== | ||
The Qur'an openly states many times that Allah is the "best deceiver" | The Qur'an openly states many times that Allah is the "best deceiver", for more info on this idea see: [[Allah the Best Deceiver]].<nowiki></ref></nowiki> | ||
{{quote |{{Qtt|3|54}}| | {{quote |{{Qtt|3|54}}| | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|66|2}}|'''Allah has already ordained for you, (O men), the dissolution of your oaths''' (in some cases): and Allah is your Protector, and He is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom. }} | {{Quote|{{Quran|66|2}}|'''Allah has already ordained for you, (O men), the dissolution of your oaths''' (in some cases): and Allah is your Protector, and He is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom. }} | ||
The words "in some cases" of the above verse are not present in the original Arabic text. So this verse could even be giving Muslims a carte blanche to break oaths. | |||
===Taqiyya=== | ===Taqiyya=== | ||
<i>Main article, [[Taqiyya]]</i> | |||
The following Qur'anic verses form the basis of the mainly Shi'ite doctrine of taqiyya, although, as you will see in the section on Sunni scholars, | The following Qur'anic verses form the basis of the mainly Shi'ite doctrine of [[taqiyya]], although, as you will see in the section on Sunni scholars, some Sunnis have endorsed the practice as well. The idea behind taqiyya is that Muslim can lie about their faith to preserve their life and property in the face of religious oppression. | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|28}}|Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: '''except by way of precaution''', that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|3|28}}|Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: '''except by way of precaution''', that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah.}} | ||
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===Sahih Muslim=== | ===Sahih Muslim=== | ||
==== It's not lawful to lie except in 3 cases (that cover too much)==== | |||
{{Quote|<!-- http://searchtruth.com/searchHadith.php?keyword=the+words+of+the+husband+to+his+wife&translator=2&search=1&book=&start http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchtruth.com%2FsearchHadith.php%3Fkeyword%3Dthe%2Bwords%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bhusband%2Bto%2Bhis%2Bwife%26translator%3D2%26search%3D1%26book%3D%26start&date=2012-02-25 -->{{Muslim|32|6303}}|Humaid b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Auf reported that his mother Umm Kulthum daughter of 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ait, and she was one amongst the first emigrants who pledged allegiance to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), as saying that she heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''A liar is not one who tries to bring reconciliation amongst people and speaks good (in order to avert dispute), or he conveys good'''. Ibn Shihab said he did not hear that exemption was granted in anything what the people speak as lie but in three cases: '''in battle, for bringing reconciliation amongst persons and the narration of the words of the husband to his wife, and the narration of the words of a wife to her husband''' (in a twisted form in order to bring reconciliation between them).}} | {{Quote|<!-- http://searchtruth.com/searchHadith.php?keyword=the+words+of+the+husband+to+his+wife&translator=2&search=1&book=&start http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchtruth.com%2FsearchHadith.php%3Fkeyword%3Dthe%2Bwords%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bhusband%2Bto%2Bhis%2Bwife%26translator%3D2%26search%3D1%26book%3D%26start&date=2012-02-25 -->{{Muslim|32|6303}}|Humaid b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Auf reported that his mother Umm Kulthum daughter of 'Uqba b. Abu Mu'ait, and she was one amongst the first emigrants who pledged allegiance to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), as saying that she heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: '''A liar is not one who tries to bring reconciliation amongst people and speaks good (in order to avert dispute), or he conveys good'''. Ibn Shihab said he did not hear that exemption was granted in anything what the people speak as lie but in three cases: '''in battle, for bringing reconciliation amongst persons and the narration of the words of the husband to his wife, and the narration of the words of a wife to her husband''' (in a twisted form in order to bring reconciliation between them).}} | ||
Because the hadith allows lying to: | |||
* Enemies ("in battle", see [[Taqiyya]]) | |||
* Friends ("bringing reconciliation amongst persons") | |||
* Husband to his wife, and a wife to her husband | |||
See also: [[Qur%27an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Lying_and_Deception#It.27s_not_lawful_to_lie_except_in_3_cases_.28that_cover_too_much.29]] (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 4:25:1939) | |||
The question arises whether there is any case for lying that doesn't fall into these three cases. | |||
====Breaking Oaths==== | ====Breaking Oaths==== | ||
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====Not Restricted to War==== | ====Not Restricted to War==== | ||
In addition to Sahih Bukhari, we find a narration in Sahih Muslim concerning Muhammad permitting a Muslim to lie in order to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a Jewish poet who wrote an anti-Muslim poem which offended him. | In addition to Sahih Bukhari, we find a narration in Sahih Muslim concerning Muhammad permitting a Muslim to lie in order to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a Jewish poet who wrote an anti-Muslim poem which offended him. | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|19|4436}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who will kill Ka'b b. Ashraf? He has maligned Allah, the Exalted, and His Messenger. Muhammad b. Maslama said: Messenger of Allah, do you wish that I should kill him? He said: Yes. He said: '''Permit me to talk (to him in the way I deem fit). He said: Talk (as you like)'''. So, Muhammad b. Maslama came to Ka'b and talked to him, referred to the old friendship between them and said: This man (i. e. the Holy Prophet) has made up his mind to collect charity (from us) and this has put us to a great hardship. When be heard this, Ka'b said: By God, you will be put to more trouble by him. Muhammad b. Maslama said: No doubt, now we have become his followers and we do not like to forsake him until we see what turn his affairs will take. I want that you should give me a loan. He said: What will you mortgage? He said: What do you want? He said: Pledge me your women. He said: You are the most handsome of the Arabs; should we pledge our women to you? He said: Pledge me your children. He said: The son of one of us may abuse us saying that he was pledged for two wasqs of dates, but we can pledge you (cur) weapons. He said: All right. Then Muhammad b. Maslama promised that he would come to him with Harith, Abu 'Abs b. Jabr and Abbad b. Bishr. So they came and called upon him at night. He came down to them. Sufyan says that all the narrators except 'Amr have stated that his wife said: I hear a voice which sounds like the voice of murder. He said: It is only Muhammad b. Maslama and his foster-brother, Abu Na'ila. When a gentleman is called at night even it to be pierced with a spear, he should respond to the call. Muhammad said to his companions: As he comes down, I will extend my hands towards his head and when I hold him fast, you should do your job. So when he came down and he was holding his cloak under his arm, they said to him: '''We sense from you a very fine smell. He said: Yes, I have with me a mistress who is the most scented of the women of Arabia. He said: Allow me to smell (the scent on your head). He said: Yes, you may smell. So he caught it and smelt. Then he said: Allow me to do so (once again). He then held his head fast and said to his companions: Do your job. And they killed him'''.}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim|19|4436}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who will kill Ka'b b. Ashraf? He has maligned Allah, the Exalted, and His Messenger. Muhammad b. Maslama said: Messenger of Allah, do you wish that I should kill him? He said: Yes. He said: '''Permit me to talk (to him in the way I deem fit). He said: Talk (as you like)'''. So, Muhammad b. Maslama came to Ka'b and talked to him, referred to the old friendship between them and said: This man (i. e. the Holy Prophet) has made up his mind to collect charity (from us) and this has put us to a great hardship. When be heard this, Ka'b said: By God, you will be put to more trouble by him. Muhammad b. Maslama said: No doubt, now we have become his followers and we do not like to forsake him until we see what turn his affairs will take. I want that you should give me a loan. He said: What will you mortgage? He said: What do you want? He said: Pledge me your women. He said: You are the most handsome of the Arabs; should we pledge our women to you? He said: Pledge me your children. He said: The son of one of us may abuse us saying that he was pledged for two wasqs of dates, but we can pledge you (cur) weapons. He said: All right. Then Muhammad b. Maslama promised that he would come to him with Harith, Abu 'Abs b. Jabr and Abbad b. Bishr. So they came and called upon him at night. He came down to them. Sufyan says that all the narrators except 'Amr have stated that his wife said: I hear a voice which sounds like the voice of murder. He said: It is only Muhammad b. Maslama and his foster-brother, Abu Na'ila. When a gentleman is called at night even it to be pierced with a spear, he should respond to the call. Muhammad said to his companions: As he comes down, I will extend my hands towards his head and when I hold him fast, you should do your job. So when he came down and he was holding his cloak under his arm, they said to him: '''We sense from you a very fine smell. He said: Yes, I have with me a mistress who is the most scented of the women of Arabia. He said: Allow me to smell (the scent on your head). He said: Yes, you may smell. So he caught it and smelt. Then he said: Allow me to do so (once again). He then held his head fast and said to his companions: Do your job. And they killed him'''.}} | ||
=== Jami` at-Tirmidhi === | |||
==== It's not lawful to lie except in 3 cases (that cover too much)==== | |||
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||4|25|1939}} ({{external link| url = https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/27/45| title = sunnah.com | author = | date = | archiveurl = | deadurl = no}})| | |||
Asma bint Yazid narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: | |||
"it is not lawful to lie except in three cases: Something the man tells his wife to please her, to lie during war, and to lie in order to bring peace between the people." | |||
Grade: Sahih (Darussalam) | |||
}} | |||
Because the hadith allows lying to: | |||
* From husband to wife (and from wife to husband, if Sahih Muslim 2605a is considered or this hadith is fully translated into English) | |||
* Enemies ("during war", see [[Taqiyya]]) | |||
* Friends ("to bring peace between people") | |||
The question arises whether there is any case for lying that doesn't fall into these three cases. | |||
===Ibn Majah=== | ===Ibn Majah=== | ||
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When the Prophet (peace be upon him) intended to go on an expedition, he always pretended to be going somewhere else, and he would say: '''War is deception'''.}} | When the Prophet (peace be upon him) intended to go on an expedition, he always pretended to be going somewhere else, and he would say: '''War is deception'''.}} | ||
==== | ==== It's not lawful to lie except in 3 cases (that cover too much)==== | ||
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|41|4903}} (not available) - {{external link| url =https://sunnah.com/abudawud:4921| title = mirror on sunnah.com | author = | date = | archiveurl = | deadurl = no}}|Chapter: Reconciliation | |||
Umm Kulthum, daughter of ‘Uqbah, said: | |||
I did not hear the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) making a concession for anything people say falsely except in three matters. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would say: I do not count as a liar a man who puts things right between people, saying a word by which he intends only putting things right, and a man who says something in war, and a man who says something to his wife, or a wife who says something to her husband. | |||
Grade: Sahih (Al-Albani) | |||
}} | |||
Because the hadith allows a Muslim man to lie to: | |||
* Friends ("puts things right between people") | |||
* Enemies ("who says something in war", see [[Taqiyya]]) | |||
* Man who says something to his wife, or a wife who says something to her husband. | |||
The question arises whether there is any case for lying that doesn't fall into these three cases. | |||
==Sira== | ==Sira== | ||
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===Ibn Ishaq=== | ===Ibn Ishaq=== | ||
{{Quote|Ishaq: | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=368-369}}<BR>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|page=57}}|Ka’b’s body was left prostrate [humbled in submission]. After his fall, all of the Nadir Jews were brought low. Sword in hand we cut him down. '''By Muhammad’s order''' we were sent secretly by night. Brother killing brother. '''We lured him to his death with guile.''' Traveling by night, bold as lions, we went into his home. We made him taste death with our deadly swords. We sought victory for the religion of the Prophet.}} | ||
{{Quote|Ishaq | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=383}} | ||
<BR>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2 |page=88}} | |||
|'Asim also told me that a man called Hatibb bin Umayya bin Rafi' who had a son called Yazid, was grievously wounded at Uhud and was brought to his people's settlement at the point of death. His kinsmen gathered round | |||
and the men and women began to say to him, 'Good news of the garden (of paradise), O son of Hatib.' Now Hatib was an old man who had lived long in the heathen period and his hypocrisy appeared then, for he said, 'What good news do you give him? Of a garden of rue? By God, you have robbed this man of his life by your deception (and brought great sorrow on me.'--Tabari).}} | |||
{{Quote|Ishaq: | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=441-442}}<BR>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|pages=199}}|Ka'b b.Malik said on the the same subject: | ||
The rabbis were disgraced through their treachery, | |||
Thus time's wheel turns round. | |||
They had denied the mighty Lord | |||
Whose command is greal. | |||
They had been given knowledge and understanding | |||
And a warner from God came to them, | |||
A truthful warner who brought a book | |||
With plain and luminous verses. | |||
The said, 'You've brought no true thing | |||
And you are more wonhy of God's disapproval than we: | |||
He said,'Nay,but l've, brought the truth, | |||
The wise and intelligent believe me, | |||
He who follows it will be rightly guided | |||
And the disbelievers will be recompensed | |||
And when they imbibed treachery and unbelief | |||
And aversion turned them from the truth, | |||
God showed the prophet a sound view, | |||
For God's decision is not false | |||
He strengthened him and gave him power over them | |||
And was his Helper, an excellent Helper! | |||
Ka'b was left prostrate there, | |||
After his fall Nadir was brought low. | |||
Sword in hand we cut him down | |||
By Muhammad's order when he sent secretly by night | |||
Ka'b's brother , to go to Ka'b. | |||
'''He beguiled him and brought him down with guile''' | |||
Mahmud was trustworthy, bold | |||
Those Banu'l-Nadir were in evil case, | |||
They were destroyed for their crimes | |||
The day the apostle came to them with an army | |||
Walking softly as he looked at them. | |||
Ghassan the protectors were his helpers | |||
Against the enemies as he helped them. | |||
He said '(I offer) Peace, woe to you' but they refused | |||
And lies and deciet were their allies | |||
They tasted the results of their deeds in misery, | |||
Every three of them shared one camel. | |||
They were driven out and made for Qaynuqaa' | |||
Their palms and houses were abandoned. }} | |||
===Al Tabari=== | ===Al Tabari=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Tabari| | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=85}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2 |page=179}} | ||
|They (the Jews of the Banu Qaynuqaa) replied, "Muhammad, do you think that we are like your people? Do not be deluded by the fact that you met a people with no knowledge of war and that you made good use of your opportunity. By God, if you fight us you will know that we are real men!" | |||
}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Tabari| | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=23}} | ||
<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2|page=578}} | |||
|The Messenger and his Companions continued in the fear and distress that Allah has described in the Qur'an. Then Nu'aym came to the Prophet. ‘'''I ‘ve become a Muslim, but my tribe does not know of my Islam'''; so command me whatever you will.' '''Muhammad said, ‘Make them abandon each other if you can so that they will leave us; for war is deception.''''}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Tabari| | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=36}}<BR>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.3 |page=93}} | ||
|After due praise and exaltation of God, he addressed them saying: "O community of Ansar, what is this talk I hear about you? [What is] the grudge you have harbored in your hearts [against me]? Did I not come to you when you were erring and God guided you; [were you not] needy and then made rich by God; [were you not] enemies and [did not] God reconcile your hearts?" They answered, "Yes indeed, God and His Messenger are gracious and kind." He said, "Why do you not answer me (directly), O Ansar?" They said, "What shall we answer. You, O Messenger of God? Kindness and graciousness belong to God and His Messenger." He said: "Now then, by God, had you wished you could have said-and you would have spoken the truth and have been accepted as truthful-'You came to us (when your message] was rejected [by the Quraysh] and we believed in you; [you were] forsaken and we assisted you; [you were] evicted and we sheltered you; [you were] needy and we comforted you.}} | |||
==Scholars== | ==Scholars== | ||
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4 - one does not swear to the half-truth in the name of Allah [Ibn Muflih, al-Adab al-Shar`iyyah]}} | 4 - one does not swear to the half-truth in the name of Allah [Ibn Muflih, al-Adab al-Shar`iyyah]}} | ||
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/328687/|title= Asking for Khul’ because husband lied about second marriage|publisher=IslamWeb|author= |series= Fatwa No. 328687|date=30-6-2016 - Ramadan 25, 1437|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725172806/https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/328687/|deadurl=no}}|<b>Question:</b> | |||
Assalaamu alaykum. I have been married for 15 years and have three kids. <b>My husband has remarried without informing me and has been lying to me for the past year, creating mistrust between us.</b> He has finally admitted his second marriage to me after extensive arguments. I have asked for a divorce as we are not compatible. He does not want to tell his family about his second marriage. His second wife has four kids, and he also has not told her kids and family about their marriage. They are both living a secret marriage. I feel that I cannot trust him because he has been lying to me for a whole year. Prior to him admitting his second marriage, I had called a meeting with our parents and told them that we constantly argue about his whereabouts and that he denied that he married again. I then went to a mufti and he also denied his marriage, so the mufti advised us to reconcile our marriage. I only stayed in this marriage because of my kids; I am a housewife who fears Allaah. I have tried my best to overlook his lies. Yes, I have been unhappy in this marriage for a long time as he is a very difficult person to please and I have tried, but I cannot do it anymore. We argue a lot, which led to disrespect, and my religion is the only reason that I am still in this marriage. I want to request a Khul’. Please advise what steps should be taken, Allaah willing. | |||
<HR><b>Answer:</b> | |||
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah and that Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) is His slave and Messenger. | |||
First of all, we ask Allaah to make things easy for you and to relieve your distress and reconcile between you and your husband. | |||
We, as well, recommend you to do what the mufti advised you to do, which is to reconcile. The family will break up by separation, and the children could be badly affected as a result. | |||
Allaah says (what means): {And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement between them - and settlement is best. And present in [human] souls is stinginess. But if you do good and fear Allaah - then indeed Allaah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.} [Quran 4:128] | |||
Indeed, you did well as you were patient for the sake of your children; we perceive that this is due to you having a sound mind and reasoning. | |||
Asking for a Khul’ is disliked in Islam unless there is a sound reason for it. The mere marriage of your husband with a second wife is not a sound reason for you to ask for Khul’. Nevertheless, if you hate your husband and you fear that you cannot fulfill his rights upon you, then it becomes permissible for you to ask for Khul’. Please, refer to fatwa 131953. | |||
In any case, <b>you should not ask for a Khul’ unless you consider that its benefit outweighs the harm of separation.</b> It is only in this case that you may take the matter to the authorities concerned with the issues of the Muslims, such as Islamic Centers. For the rulings on Khul’, please refer to fatwa 89039. | |||
Finally, we would like to point out the two following matters: | |||
Firstly: the husband is allowed to marry a second wife provided that he is just between his two wives. Allaah says (what means): {…then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice].} [Quran 4:3] Please, refer to fataawa 81469 and84411. | |||
Secondly: Lying is a contemptible and outrageous behavior, and it is forbidden <b>except in some cases permitted by the Sharee'ah, such as the husband and wife lying to each other for a good cause without violating each other's rights.</b> Umm Kulthoom Bint ‘Uqbah may Allaah be pleased with her said, “I did not hear the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) permitting lies for people except in three cases. The Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ) used to say, 'I do not consider the following as lying: a man reconciles between people, he lies just in order to reconcile; and a man who lies in war; and when a man speaks to his wife or when a wife speaks to her husband (in certain situations).'” [Muslim] | |||
An-Nawawi said, “With regard to a husband lying to his wife and a wife lying to her husband: it means showing compassion and kindness and promising what is not obligatory and so forth. As regards cheating or deception in not giving what he is obliged to give or what she is obliged to give, or taking what he is not allowed to take or her taking what she is not allowed to take, then this is forbidden according to the consensus of the Muslims.” | |||
Allaah knows best. | |||
}} | |||
====Tafsir==== | ====Tafsir==== | ||
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{{Quote|1=Abu Shakoor Saalmi, al-Tamheed fi Bayan al-Tauwheed (Ch. 1, pp. 18-19), published in Delhi|2=Similarly, Kufr is the worst act. But when one is forced to commit it through a threat of murder then '''it is permissible to adopt Taqiyyah''' and recite the Kalima of kufr; and such a person should not be deemed a Kaffir. Verily, '''the Shari'a has deemed it a favorable act to recite Kalima of Kufr under Taqqiyah'''}} | {{Quote|1=Abu Shakoor Saalmi, al-Tamheed fi Bayan al-Tauwheed (Ch. 1, pp. 18-19), published in Delhi|2=Similarly, Kufr is the worst act. But when one is forced to commit it through a threat of murder then '''it is permissible to adopt Taqiyyah''' and recite the Kalima of kufr; and such a person should not be deemed a Kaffir. Verily, '''the Shari'a has deemed it a favorable act to recite Kalima of Kufr under Taqqiyah'''}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
*[http://answering-islam.org/Index/L/lying.html Lying] and [http://answering-islam.org/Index/T/taqiyya.html Taqiyya] ''- | *[http://answering-islam.org/Index/L/lying.html Lying] and [http://answering-islam.org/Index/T/taqiyya.html Taqiyya] ''- Answering Islam'' | ||
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://tool.donation-net.net/Images/Email/1097/Taqiyya_and_Islam_s_rules_of_war.pdf|2=2013-06-09}} How Taqiyya Alters Islam's Rules of War Defeating Jihadist Terrorism] ''- Raymond Ibrahim, Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2010, pp. 3-13'' | *[{{Reference archive|1=http://tool.donation-net.net/Images/Email/1097/Taqiyya_and_Islam_s_rules_of_war.pdf|2=2013-06-09}} How Taqiyya Alters Islam's Rules of War Defeating Jihadist Terrorism] ''- Raymond Ibrahim, Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2010, pp. 3-13'' | ||