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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah: Difference between revisions
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==Sirah== | ==Sirah== | ||
===Ibn Kathir=== | |||
This narration describes jizya as a compensation for the loss of revenue when Muhammad banned Arab polytheists from visiting the Kaaba. | |||
{{Quote|Ibn Kathir. ''Al Sira Al Nabawiyya (The Life Of The Prophet Muhamamd)''. "The Year 9 AH" vol. IV p. 1. Translated by Trevor Le Gassick. Garnet Publishing (Reading, UK). 2000.|It is related from Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Iqkrima, Sa'id b. ]ubayr, Qatada, al-Dahhak and others that when God Almighty decreed that the polytheists should be prevented from approaching the Sacred Mosque, whether in the pilgrimage or at other times, that Quraysh said they would be deprived of the commercial activity that took place during the pilgrimage, and that they would therefore suffer financial loss. And so God compensated them for that by ordering them to battle the people of the scriptures so that they either accepted Islam or paid the jizya tax ''an yadin'', "being in a state of submission".}} | |||
===Al Tabari=== | ===Al Tabari=== | ||
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{{Quote|Al-Ghazali (1101)|...the dhimmi is obliged not to mention Allah or His Apostle…Jews, Christians, and Majians must pay the jizya …on offering up the jizya, the dhimmi must hang his head while the official takes hold of his beard and hits [the dhimmi] on the protruberant bone beneath his ear [i.e., the mandible]...<ref>Al-Ghazali (d. 1111). Kitab al-Wagiz fi fiqh madhab al-imam al-Safi’i, Beirut, 1979, pp. 186, 190-91; 199-200; 202-203. [English translation by Dr. Michael Schub.]</ref>}} | {{Quote|Al-Ghazali (1101)|...the dhimmi is obliged not to mention Allah or His Apostle…Jews, Christians, and Majians must pay the jizya …on offering up the jizya, the dhimmi must hang his head while the official takes hold of his beard and hits [the dhimmi] on the protruberant bone beneath his ear [i.e., the mandible]...<ref>Al-Ghazali (d. 1111). Kitab al-Wagiz fi fiqh madhab al-imam al-Safi’i, Beirut, 1979, pp. 186, 190-91; 199-200; 202-203. [English translation by Dr. Michael Schub.]</ref>}} | ||
{{Quote|Al-Nawawi (Translated by E.C. Howard) (2005). ''Minhaj at talibin: a manual of Muhammadan law''. Adam Publishers. pp. 337–8. ISBN 978-81-7435-249-1|Our school (Shafi'i) insists upon the payment of the poll-tax by sickly persons, old men, even if decrepit, blind men, monks, workmen, and poor persons incapable of exercising a trade.<ref>These categories of non-Muslims are exempted from paying jizya according to other Sunni schools of thought.</ref> As for people who seem to be insolvent at the end of the year, the sum of the poll tax remained as debt to their account until they should become solvent."}} | |||
===Modern Views=== | ===Modern Views=== | ||
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Muhammad wrote in a letter to the Christians and Jews of Elath | Muhammad wrote in a letter to the Christians and Jews of Elath | ||
{{Quote||Thou hast to accept Islam, or pay the tax, and obey God and His Messenger and the messengers of His Messenger, and do them honor and dress them in fine clothing, not in the raiment of raiders…for if you satisfy my envoys you will satisfy me. Surely the tax is known to you. Therefore if you wish to be secure on land and on sea, obey God and His Messenger…But be careful lest thou do not satisfy…for then I shall not accept anything from you, but I shall fight you and take the young as captives and slay the elderly…Come then, before a calamity befalls you...<ref>Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine: 634-1099, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 28.</ref>}} | {{Quote||Thou hast to accept Islam, or pay the tax, and obey God and His Messenger and the messengers of His Messenger, and do them honor and dress them in fine clothing, not in the raiment of raiders…for if you satisfy my envoys you will satisfy me. Surely the tax is known to you. Therefore if you wish to be secure on land and on sea, obey God and His Messenger…But be careful lest thou do not satisfy…for then I shall not accept anything from you, but I shall fight you and take the young as captives and slay the elderly…Come then, before a calamity befalls you...<ref>Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine: 634-1099, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 28.</ref>}} | ||
==Shia hadith== | |||
{{Quote| ''Al-Kafi'', vol. 8, p. 227; ''Ithbat al-Hudah'', vol. 3, p. 450; Mir’ah al-Uqul, vol. 26, p. 160; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 375|Imam al-Baqir said: “During the uprising of Hadrat al-Qa’im (the Mahdi), he will present the faith to each of the Nasibis (Muslim enemies of Shias). If they accept the truth, he would release them. He will behead anyone who would not accept the faith, or ask him to pay the jizyah just as what they collect from the Ahl adh-Dhimmah, and he will banish him in remote villages and small towns.”}} | |||
{{Core POTB}} | {{Core POTB}} | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||