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{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | ||
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The "Dhimma" or "responsibility/protection" is the compact which the Islamic state makes for the "protection" of its non-Muslim subjects. According to British-Egyptian scholar Bat Ye'or <ref> Bat Ye'or, "Terres arabes: terres de 'dhimmitude'", in La Cultura Sefardita, vol. 1, La Rassegna mensile di Israel 44, no. 1-4, 3rd series (1983): 94-102</ref>, the dhimma is the continuation of [[Jihad]], the subjection of a non-Muslim people to the political rule of Islam. As part of the dhimma, the conquered people are humiliated and forced to pay for the very right to live through the [[jizya]]. The subjects of the dhimma or "protection" are the dhimmis, whose lives and religions are tolerated, though the dhimmis themselves are subject to numerous personal restrictions that reduce them to the state of 2nd class citizens, while their religion is neutered of any possible threat it could pose to Islam. The scholars are quite clear, in agreement with the Qur'an, that the dhimmis must feel themselves humiliated and subdued, never equals to Muslims. According to the scholars, it ought to apply to all non-Muslims living under Muslim rule at all times and should be the only choice given to all infidel people in the world besides conversion to Islam or death. As such the dhimma can be seen as an extension of the warlike state of the Islamic polity towards its conquered subjects, a never ending jihad to wipe [[kufr]] and [[shirk]] from the face of the earth. Although ISIS did attempt to bring back the dhimma in Iraq, this proved short-lived as their caliphate. Outside of extremists like ISIS, debate continues to take place in the Islamic scholarly world over the place of jizya and other dhimmi laws in modern Islamic societies. Although most of the injunctions against dhimmis, such as that they always give way to Muslims on the street, that their testimony in criminal court not be entered as evidence against a Muslims, that they wear special clothing, have not been enforced in most Islamic countries for decades (in most of the Middle East this came to a complete end with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first World War), Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. | |||
==Kafir== | ==Kafir== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|5|64}}|And the Jews say: The hand of Allah is tied up! Their hands shall be shackled and '''they shall be cursed for what they say.''' Nay, both His hands are spread out, He expends as He pleases; and what has been revealed to you from your Lord will certainly make many of them increase in inordinacy and unbelief; and We have put enmity and hatred among them till the day of resurrection; whenever they kindle a fire for war Allah puts it out, and they strive to make mischief in the land; and Allah does not love the mischief-makers.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|5|64}}|And the Jews say: The hand of Allah is tied up! Their hands shall be shackled and '''they shall be cursed for what they say.''' Nay, both His hands are spread out, He expends as He pleases; and what has been revealed to you from your Lord will certainly make many of them increase in inordinacy and unbelief; and We have put enmity and hatred among them till the day of resurrection; whenever they kindle a fire for war Allah puts it out, and they strive to make mischief in the land; and Allah does not love the mischief-makers.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|30}}|The Jews call 'Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth!}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|9|30}}|The Jews call 'Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth!}} | ||
===The Place of the Dhimmi in Islamic Society=== | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, '''until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.'''}} | |||
==Preferential Treatment of Muslims== | ==Preferential Treatment of Muslims== | ||
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Allaah Knows best.}} | Allaah Knows best.}} | ||
==Jizya Tax == | ==Jizya Tax== | ||
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah}} | {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah}} | ||
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{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims}} | {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims}} | ||
==Treatment of Dhimmis == | ==Treatment of Dhimmis== | ||
===Jews and Christians=== | ===Jews and Christians=== | ||
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This is because they say: The fire shall not touch us but for a few days; and what they have forged deceives them in the matter of their religion.}} | This is because they say: The fire shall not touch us but for a few days; and what they have forged deceives them in the matter of their religion.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|8|49}}|Lo! the hypocrites say, and those in whose hearts is a disease: '''"These people,- their religion has misled them."''' But if any trust in Allah, behold! Allah is Exalted in might, Wise. }} | {{Quote|{{Quran|8|49}}|Lo! the hypocrites say, and those in whose hearts is a disease: '''"These people,- their religion has misled them."''' But if any trust in Allah, behold! Allah is Exalted in might, Wise. }} | ||
====Death is Ordained for Apostates==== | ====Death is Ordained for Apostates==== | ||
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'''Abu Dawud Volume 1 Book 2:''' At Banu al-Najjar the Muslims took over the land and dug up the graves of unbelievers looking for treasure. | '''Abu Dawud Volume 1 Book 2:''' At Banu al-Najjar the Muslims took over the land and dug up the graves of unbelievers looking for treasure. | ||
==Miscellaneous== | ==Miscellaneous== | ||
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[[Category:QHS]] | [[Category:QHS]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Dhimma]] | ||
[[Category:Islamic Law]] | [[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] | ||
[[Category:Human rights]] | [[Category:Human rights]] | ||
[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]] | [[Category:Kafir (infidel)]] | ||
[[Category:People of the Book]] | |||
[[Category:Jihad]] |