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According to Anas ibn Malik, the Prophet [[Muhammad]] used to visit all eleven of his wives in one night; but he could manage this, as he had the [[Sex|sexual]] prowess of thirty men.<ref>{{Bukhari|1|5|268}}. See also {{Bukhari|7|62|142}}.</ref> The historian Al-[[Tabari]] calculated that Muhammad [[Marriage|married]] a total of fifteen [[Islam and Women|women]], though only ever eleven at one time; and two of these marriages were never consummated.<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 126-127}}.</ref> This tally of fifteen does not include at least four concubines. According to Merriam-Webster, a concubine is “a woman with whom a man cohabits without being married”,  and has a “social status in a household below that of a wife.”<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/concubine|2=2011-09-28}} Concubine] – Merriam-Webster, accessed September 28, 2011</ref> All of Muhammad’s concubines were his [[Slavery|slaves]]. Al-Tabari also excludes from the fifteen several other women with whom Muhammad had some kind of marriage contract but who, due to legal technicalities, never became full wives. It is fairly certain, however, that none of these legally-stifled unions was ever consummated. They were the cultural equivalent of a broken engagement. Finally, there were several other women whom Muhammad wished to marry, or whom he was invited to marry, but for various reasons he did not.
According to Anas ibn Malik, the Prophet [[Muhammad]] used to visit all eleven of his wives in one night; but he could manage this, as he had the [[Sex|sexual]] prowess of thirty men.<ref>{{Bukhari|1|5|268}}. See also {{Bukhari|7|62|142}}.</ref> The historian Al-[[Tabari]] calculated that Muhammad [[Marriage|married]] a total of fifteen [[Islam and Women|women]], though only ever eleven at one time; and two of these marriages were never consummated.<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 126-127}}.</ref> This tally of fifteen does not include at least four concubines. According to Merriam-Webster, a concubine is “a woman with whom a man cohabits without being married”,  and has a “social status in a household below that of a wife.”<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/concubine|2=2011-09-28}} Concubine] – Merriam-Webster, accessed September 28, 2011</ref> All of Muhammad’s concubines were his [[Slavery|slaves]]. Al-Tabari also excludes from the fifteen several other women with whom Muhammad had some kind of marriage contract but who, due to legal technicalities, never became full wives. It is fairly certain, however, that none of these legally-stifled unions was ever consummated. They were the cultural equivalent of a broken engagement. Finally, there were several other women whom Muhammad wished to marry, or whom he was invited to marry, but for various reasons he did not.


==Wives and Concubines (list)==
==List of Wives and Concubines of the Prophet==
The following lists of women in Muhammad’s life are based on the Islamic sources. Because there were so many women, some of whom had only a very brief association with him, it is possible that this number still falls short of the real total.


The following lists of women in Muhammad’s life are based on the Islamic sources. Because there were so many women, some of whom had only a very brief association with him, it is possible that this number still falls short of the real total.
===Wives of the Prophet===
 
The despite the injunction of the Qur'an to only take 4 women as wives, according to the [[sira]] literature Muhammad took far more wives than this number. This table lists the women


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8
|Rayhana bint Zayd ibn Amr
|Sexual slavery
|May 627.
|Her first husband was one of the 600-900 Qurayza men whom Muhammad beheaded in April 627. He enslaved all the women and selected Rayhana for himself because she was the most beautiful. When she refused to marry him, he kept her as a concubine instead. She died shortly before Muhammad in 632.
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 466.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 164-165}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:92-94, 153.</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |9
|Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith
|Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith
|Married
|Married
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |9
|Ramlah (Umm Habiba) bint Abi Sufyan
|Ramlah (Umm Habiba) bint Abi Sufyan
|Married
|Married
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |11
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10
|[[Safiyah|Safiyah bint Huyayy]]
|[[Safiyah|Safiyah bint Huyayy]]
|Married
|Married
Line 146: Line 138:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |12
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |11
|Maymunah bint Al-Harith
|Maymunah bint Al-Harith
|Married
|Married
Line 158: Line 150:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |13
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |12
|Mariyah bint Shamoon al-Quptiya
|Sexual slavery
|c. June 629.
|She was one of several slaves whom the Governor of Egypt sent as a present to Muhammad. He kept her as a concubine despite the objections of his official wives, who feared her beauty. Mariyah bore Muhammad a son, Ibrahim.
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 653.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 193-195}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:148-151.</ref>
 
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |14
|Mulayka bint Kaab
|Mulayka bint Kaab
|Divorced
|Divorced
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |15
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |13
|Fatima ''al-Aliya'' bint Zabyan ''al-Dahhak''
|Fatima ''al-Aliya'' bint Zabyan ''al-Dahhak''
|Divorced
|Divorced
Line 189: Line 170:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |16
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |14
|Asma bint Al-Numan
|Asma bint Al-Numan
|Divorced
|Divorced
Line 200: Line 181:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |17
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |15
|''Al-Jariya''
|Sexual slavery
|After 627.
|She was a domestic slave belonging to Zaynab bint Jahsh, who made Muhammad a present of her. She seems to have been an "unofficial" concubine who did not have a regular turn on his roster.
|
*Ibn al-Qayyim<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Za’d al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>
 
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |18
|Amra bint Yazid
|Amra bint Yazid
|Divorced
|Divorced
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*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 187-188}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 187-188}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101.</ref>
|}<BR>
===Concubines of the Prophet===
This category of consorts of the prophet forms a separate category, since these women were not actually given over in marriage with an 'aqd-nikaah and a [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] to the prophet, but were rather his personal property, "what the right hand possesses." That is to say, explicitly, that these were his sex slaves, also known as "[[Women_in_Islamic_Law#Concubinage|concubines]]", were obliged to have sex with him. As such Muhammad availed himself of them sexually although they were not actually granted the status of his wives in Islamic law. Never-the-less, they are also considered "mother of the believers", and the prophet's conduct towards them constitutes a fundamental building block of Islamic law vis-à-vis [[Rape_in_Islamic_Law#Qur.27an_4:24_-_rape_of_slaves_and_captives_who_were_previously_married|sexual slavery]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! width="10" |No.
! width="280" |Name
! width="65" |Status
! width="65" |Date
! width="330" |Details
! width="130" |Notable Early Sources


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |19
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |1
|Rayhana bint Zayd ibn Amr
|Sexual slavery
|May 627.
|Her first husband was one of the 600-900 Qurayza men whom Muhammad beheaded in April 627. He enslaved all the women and selected Rayhana for himself because she was the most beautiful. When she refused to marry him, he kept her as a concubine instead. She died shortly before Muhammad in 632.
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 466.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 164-165}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:92-94, 153.</ref>
 
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |2
|[[Mariya Al-Qibtiya|Mariyah bint Shamoon al-Qibtiya]]
|Sexual slavery
|c. June 629.
|She was one of several slaves whom the Governor of Egypt sent as a present to Muhammad. He kept her as a concubine despite the objections of his official wives, who feared her beauty. Mariyah bore Muhammad a son, Ibrahim.
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 653.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 193-195}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:148-151.</ref>
 
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3
|''Al-Jariya''
|Sexual slavery
|After 627.
|She was a domestic slave belonging to Zaynab bint Jahsh, who made Muhammad a present of her. She seems to have been an "unofficial" concubine who did not have a regular turn on his roster.
|
*Ibn al-Qayyim<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Za’d al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>
 
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |4
|Tukana al-Quraziya
|Tukana al-Quraziya
|Sexual slavery
|Sexual slavery
Line 229: Line 245:
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref>
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref>
*Ibn al-Qayyim.<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Zaad al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>
*Ibn al-Qayyim.<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Zaad al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>
|}<BR>
|}<BR>


Line 389: Line 406:
|
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 181, 184, 404-405, 551-552, 557, 689.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 181, 184, 404-405, 551-552, 557, 689.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 170-171}}</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 196-197}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:109-110.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:109-110.</ref>


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*[[Ages of Muhammads Wives at Marriage]]
*[[Ages of Muhammads Wives at Marriage]]


==External Links==
[http://www.answeringmuslims.com/2021/07/how-many-wives-did-prophet-muhammad-have.html How Many Wives Did the Prophet Muhammad Have?] - ''David Wood, Answering Muslims''
==References==
==References==
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{{Reflist|30em}}
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