Land to water ratio miracle in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions

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According to some apologists, the Qur'an describes the ratio of land to water on Earth. That is approximately 71% water and 29% land.<ref>http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html</ref> This ratio isn't stated anywhere in the Qur'an, but according to apologists, the ratio is supposed to be hidden in a ratio of word counts.
According to some, the Qur'an describes the ratio of land to water on Earth. That is approximately 71% water and 29% land.<ref>http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html</ref> This ratio isn't stated anywhere in the Qur'an, but according to claimants, the ratio is hidden in a ratio of word counts.


The counted words are ''al-barr'' (ٱلْبَرّ) for "land" and ''al-bahr'' (ٱلْبَحْرِ) for "water", but the word ''al-bahr'' actually means "the sea".
The counted words are ''al-barr'' (ٱلْبَرّ) for "land" and ''al-bahr'' (ٱلْبَحْرِ) for "water" (though the word ''al-bahr'' means "the sea", not "water")


==''Al-Barr'' - land==
==''Al-Barr'' - land==
The trilateral root of the word بَرّ (barr) is برر (b-r-r). From this root we can derive many words. Besides "land", there is the meaning of "righteousness" and "kindness". ''Al-Barr'' (The Most Kind) is one of [[the names of Allah]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam</ref> The word ''barr'' consists of only two letters ب (b) and ر (''r''), but there is a ''shadda'' sign above the ر, which makes it double length in pronunciation (رّ - ''rr''). Above the ب is a ''fatha'' sign which determines the ''b'''a'''rr'' vowel (بَ).
The trilateral root of the word بَرّ (barr) is برر (b-r-r). From this root we can derive many words. Besides "land", there is the meaning of "righteousness" and "kindness". ''Al-Barr'' (The Most Kind) is one of the names of Allah.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam</ref> The word ''barr'' consists of only two letters ب (b) and ر (''r''), but there is a ''shadda'' sign above the ر, which makes it double length in pronunciation (رّ - ''rr''). Above the ب is a ''fatha'' sign which determines the ''b'''a'''rr'' vowel (بَ).


This is the list of all the occurrences of words with the root برر in the Qur'an:
This is the list of all the occurrences of words with the root برر in the Qur'an:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
!Count
!Count
!Verse
!Verse
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The ''-i'' ending in ''al-barri'' means that the word is in the genitive case.
The ''-i'' ending in ''al-barri'' means that the word is in the genitive case.


There is no question about this word count. There are clearly '''12 occurrences''' of this word. They are all exactly the same forms. There are no prefixes, no plural and dual forms, no differences in diacritics, like in word counts for other words. And all other words from the same root have a totally different meaning. Rarely the word count is so clear.
There are '''12 occurrences''' of this word. They are all exactly the same forms. There are no prefixes, no plural and dual forms, no differences in diacritics, like in word counts for other words. And all other words from the same root have a totally different meaning. Rarely are word counts so clear


===Apologist mental gymnastics===
===Apologist mental gymnastics===
Some apologists also count the word "creature" (ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''al-bariyyati'')<ref>http://www.answering-christianity.com/land_sea_ratio_miracle.htm</ref> in these two verses:
Some also count the word "creature" (ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''al-bariyyati'')<ref>http://www.answering-christianity.com/land_sea_ratio_miracle.htm</ref> in these two verses:
* 1) The verse 98:6 which says that Christians and Jews are '''the worst of creatures''' (شَرُّ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''sharru albariyyati''):
** Dr. Ghali translation: "''Surely (the ones) who have disbelieved among the population of the Book (Or: family of the Book; i.e., the Jews and Christians) and the associators (Those who associate others with Allah) will be in the Fire of Hell, eternally (abiding) therein; those are they who are '''the most evil beings''' (Literally: '''Initiated creatures''').''"
*** Here Dr. Ghali tries to make the verse less hateful by translating شَرُّ (''sharru'') as "initiated" and not "worst", although the word ''sharr'' is used in the Qur'an only in the sense of "evil".<ref>http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=%24rr</ref>
** Muhsin Khan translation: "''Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the Quran and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
** Pickthall translation: "''Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of '''created beings'''.''"
** Shakir translation: "''Surely those who disbelieve from among the followers of the Book and the polytheists shall be in the fire of hell, abiding therein; they are '''the worst of men'''.''"
** Yusuf Ali translation: "''Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye). They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
* 2) The arrogant verse 98:7 which basically claims that those who believe in Muhammad (not christians and jews) are the "best creatures" (خَيْرُ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''khayru albariyyati''):
** Sahih international translation: "''Indeed, they who have believed and done righteous deeds - those are '''the best of creatures'''.''"
** The other translations also translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "creatures".


Now the question is, why do apologists count the word "creature" as the word "land"?
*1) The verse 98:6 which says that Christians and Jews are '''the worst of creatures''' (شَرُّ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''sharru albariyyati''):
Well, they translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "land-creatures", although as we've seen, all the major translations translated it simply as "creatures". Apologists try to make it seem that the word ''al-bariyyati'' is derived from the same root برر (b-r-r) as the word ''al-barr'' (land) and therefore their meanings are somehow connected. And this is not the case. The word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') doesn't have the double ''r'' for a reason. It is derived from a completely different root برا (b-r-a) <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(98:6:16)</ref>! These words are not connected in meaning. ''al-bariyyati'' has nothing to do with land. Also when we consider the verse 98:6 to mean "christians and jews are the worst of land-creatures" and the verse 98:7 to mean "muslims are the best of land-creatures", then does it mean that in the sea, there are sea-creatures worse than christians and better than muslims?
**Dr. Ghali translation: "''Surely (the ones) who have disbelieved among the population of the Book (Or: family of the Book; i.e., the Jews and Christians) and the associators (Those who associate others with Allah) will be in the Fire of Hell, eternally (abiding) therein; those are they who are '''the most evil beings''' (Literally: '''Initiated creatures''').''"
***Note here Dr. Ghali translates شَرُّ (''sharru'') as "initiated" and not "worst", although the word ''sharr'' is used in the Qur'an only in the sense of "evil".<ref>http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=%24rr</ref>
**Muhsin Khan translation: "''Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the Quran and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
**Pickthall translation: "''Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of '''created beings'''.''"
**Shakir translation: "''Surely those who disbelieve from among the followers of the Book and the polytheists shall be in the fire of hell, abiding therein; they are '''the worst of men'''.''"
**Yusuf Ali translation: "''Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye). They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
*2) The verse 98:7 which claims that those who believe in Muhammad (not christians and jews) are the "best creatures" (خَيْرُ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''khayru albariyyati''):
**Sahih international translation: "''Indeed, they who have believed and done righteous deeds - those are '''the best of creatures'''.''"
**The other translations also translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "creatures".


Also it is worth to mention that even when they do count these occurrences, they still fail to get the ratio of 29% land and 71% water!
Why do some chose to count the word "creature" as the word "land"? This is because they choose to translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "land-creatures", although as we've seen, all the major translations translated it simply as "creatures". This group argues that the word ''al-bariyyati'' is derived from the same root برر (b-r-r) as the word ''al-barr'' (land) and therefore their meanings are connected. The word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati''), however, lacks the double ''r''. It is derived from a completely different root برا (b-r-a) <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(98:6:16)</ref>! These words are not connected in meaning. ''al-bariyyati'' has nothing to do with land. Furthermore, the alternate rendition of the verse suggests verse 98:6 to mean "christians and jews are the worst of land-creatures" and the verse 98:7 to mean "muslims are the best of land-creatures", implying, perhaps, that in the sea, there are sea-creatures worse than christians and better than muslims. Such an implication is, of course, absurd, and would seem to rule out the possibility of an alternative translation.
 
As we shall see, however, even the inclusion of these two extra words fails to achieve the 29:71 ratio that is sought.


==''Al-Bahr'' - sea (not water)==
==''Al-Bahr'' - sea (not water)==
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A list of all occurrences of words with the root بحر in the Qur'an:
A list of all occurrences of words with the root بحر in the Qur'an:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
!Count
!Count
!Verse
!Verse
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|5||6:59||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 5
|5||6:59||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 5
|-
|-
|6||6:63||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri'||and the sea||singular 6
|6||6:63||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri'''||and the sea||singular 6
|-
|-
|7||6:97||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 7
|7||6:97||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 7
Line 187: Line 187:
|37||45:12||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 32
|37||45:12||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 32
|-
|-
|38||52:6||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea''||singular 33
|38||52:6||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 33
|-
|-
|39||55:19||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 5
|39||55:19||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 5
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|42||82:3||ٱلْبِحَارُ||''al-biharu''||the seas||plural 3
|42||82:3||ٱلْبِحَارُ||''al-biharu''||the seas||plural 3
|}
|}
* In the verse 5:103, ''Bahira'' is a name for a she-camel.<ref>Muhsin Khan provides an explanation in his translation of this verse (5:103), "''Allah has not instituted things like '''Bahirah''' (a she-camel whose milk was spared for the idols and nobody was allowed to milk it) or a Sa'ibah (a she-camel let loose for free pasture for their false gods, e.g. idols, etc., and nothing was allowed to be carried on it), or a Wasilah (a she-camel set free for idols because it has given birth to a she-camel at its first delivery and then again gives birth to a she-camel at its second delivery) or a Ham (a stallion-camel freed from work for their idols, after it had finished a number of copulations assigned for it, all these animals were liberated in honour of idols as practised by pagan Arabs in the pre-Islamic period). But those who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of them have no understanding.''"</ref>


* The ''-i'', ''-u'' and ''-a'' endings in the transliteration just determine the case:
*In the verse 5:103, ''Bahira'' is a name for a she-camel.<ref>Muhsin Khan provides an explanation in his translation of this verse (5:103), "''Allah has not instituted things like '''Bahirah''' (a she-camel whose milk was spared for the idols and nobody was allowed to milk it) or a Sa'ibah (a she-camel let loose for free pasture for their false gods, e.g. idols, etc., and nothing was allowed to be carried on it), or a Wasilah (a she-camel set free for idols because it has given birth to a she-camel at its first delivery and then again gives birth to a she-camel at its second delivery) or a Ham (a stallion-camel freed from work for their idols, after it had finished a number of copulations assigned for it, all these animals were liberated in honour of idols as practised by pagan Arabs in the pre-Islamic period). But those who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of them have no understanding.''"</ref>
** ''-u'' nominative
** ''-i'' genitive
** ''-a'' accusative


This word count is questionable, because there are dual and plural forms. Should the dual be counted as 2?
*The ''-i'', ''-u'' and ''-a'' endings in the transliteration just determine the case:
**''-u'' nominative
**''-i'' genitive
**''-a'' accusative


One way is counting only the singular forms of the word "sea", that is 33 occurrences. In that case, the "land":"sea" word count ratio is 12:33. And 12+33=45. The first question is why is it not 100? Why is it not already in percentage? Wouldn't it seem to be less of a coincidence if there were 71 occurrences of "water" and 29 occurrences of "land"?
This word count is questionable, because there are dual and plural forms. Should the dual be counted as 2?Let's do some math and convert the ratio to percentage to see whether we get the desired 29% land and 71% water percentages:


Let's do some math and convert the ratio to percentage to see whether we get the desired 29% land and 71% water percentages:
*12/45 = 0.2667 that means approximately 27% land
* 12/45 = 0.2667 that means approximately 27% land
*33/45 = 0.7333 that means approximately 73% water
* 33/45 = 0.7333 that means approximately 73% water


Well, as it turns out, there is no miracle at all. Not even a coincidence! 27:73 is the word count ratio and 29:71 is the actual land to water ratio. They are clearly not the same.
27:73 is the word count ratio and 29:71 is the actual land to water ratio. They are not the same.


But we found 41 occurrences of the word "sea" in all its forms. So let's give it another chance with the number 41. And 12 + 41 = 53.
If one attempts this with the 41 occurrences of the word "sea" in all its forms, and 12 + 41 = 53, then you get:
* 12 / 53 = 0.2264 that means approximately 23% land
 
* 41 / 53 = 0.7736 that means approximately 77% water
*12 / 53 = 0.2264 that means approximately 23% land
*41 / 53 = 0.7736 that means approximately 77% water


Again, 23:77 is not 29:71.
Again, 23:77 is not 29:71.


The only match is that there is more of the words "'''sea'''" than "land", just like there is more '''water''' than land on earth.
The only coincidence appears to be that there is more of the word "sea" than "land", just like there is more water than land on earth.


==Conclusions==
==Further Problems==
* The water to land ratio is not stated in any verse of the Qur'an. So the claim that the Qur'an describes the ratio is a lie.
Additionally, the word ''al-bahr'' means "sea" and not water. Does the word "sea" include oceans, lakes or rivers? And the Qur'an talks about rivers (أَنْهَٰرٌ, ''al-anharun'') a lot. So shouldn't we add the word counts for "sea" and "river" to get the "water" percentage?
** How did Muhammad's companions figure out this information about the land to water ratio? If they counted various ratios of word counts, how did they recognize which word count ratio has a significance? And how did they know which counting method to choose, when they didn't know (no modern scientist told them) which number they want to get?
*** The Qur'an needs science, so that people can figure out (after science already told it to them) the ratio from word counts. However science does not need the Qur'an at all to describe the ratio and provides actual evidence. So which one is more valuable?
* Ratio of word counts does not imply the ratio of occurrences of the meanings of the words in the world. This is ridiculous and not scientific in any way.
** Also the word ''al-bahr'' means "sea" and not water. Does the word "sea" include oceans, lakes or rivers? And the Qur'an talks about rivers (أَنْهَٰرٌ, ''al-anharun'') a lot. So shouldn't we add the word counts for "sea" and "river" to get the "water" percentage?
** What other ratios are described this way? Is the moon / earth mass ratio described by the word counts for "moon" and "earth"?
* There are floods, icebergs melting.. the ratio of land to water is always changing. But the ratio of the word counts will never change. So even if the Qur'an described the ratio and it was 100% accurate, then it was wrong somewhere in history and will be wrong in the future. Shouldn't the Qur'an rather describe physical or mathematical facts, that are not changing with time? And preferably describe them in a verse and not in word counts, so that we know this is not a coincidence?


And finally:
It is also worth noting that the word counts for "land" and "sea" are not in the same ratio as land and water on earth.
* The word counts for "land" and "sea" are not in the same ratio as land and water on earth. Apologists try absurd counting methods and even then they fail to get the desired result. There is absolutely nothing miraculous.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an]]
 
* [[365 days miracle in the Quran]]
*[[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an]]
* [[12 months miracle in the Quran]]
*[[365 days miracle in the Quran]]
* [[Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[12 months miracle in the Quran]]
* [[Dunya and akhira word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an]]
* [[Man and woman word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Dunya and akhira word count in the Qur'an]]
* [[Paradise and hell word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Man and woman word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Paradise and hell word count in the Qur'an]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Miracles]]
[[Category:Miracles]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Arabic]]
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