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Islam and Violence: Difference between revisions
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<metadesc>Summaries of a few select articles discussing: violence under Muhammad, violence against women, terrorism and persecution. Also includes relevant quotations and statistics</metadesc> | |||
This page provides brief summaries of a few select articles concerning [[Islam]] and its relationship with various forms of violence. More relevant articles can be found via the Hub and Category pages (see the [[WikiIslam:Site Map|Site Map]]). | <!-- | ||
IMPORTANT NOTE FOR TRANSLATIONS: | |||
Do not translate this Core article without translating the linked articles first. Please also read the "WikiIslam:Translations" page for suggestions on which articles to translate and which to avoid. If you still have questions, post them on the "WikiIslam:Forum/Translation Project" page. Thank you. | |||
--> | |||
This page provides brief summaries of a few select articles concerning [[Islam]] and its relationship with various forms of violence. More relevant articles can be found via the Hub and Category pages (see the [[WikiIslam:Site Map|Site Map]]). | |||
{{Core}} | {{Core}} | ||
== | ==Muhammad== | ||
===Facts and Figures=== | ===Facts and Figures=== | ||
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====Muslim Statistics==== | ====Muslim Statistics==== | ||
{{Main|Muslim Statistics (Scripture)}} | {{Main|Muslim Statistics - Scripture|l1=Muslim Statistics (Scripture)}} | ||
This page consists of various statistics concerning Islam and its scriptures. A small sample include: | This page consists of various statistics concerning Islam and its scriptures. A small sample include: | ||
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Hijra year 5 (627 AD), on the orders of Prophet Muhammad, almost nine hundred Jews of a Medinan tribe named Banu Qurayza were massacred by Muslims. The killing began early in the day, ending in torchlight. Those who escaped death (women and children, excluding boys who had begun to grow pubic hair) were taken captive by Muslims to be sold in slave markets and exchanged for horses and armour. Muslims propose many apologetic arguments to excuse this crime. The most favored argument they use is the alleged treachery of Banu Quraiza. Its flaws are evident when considering any act of treachery from this tribe would have put an end to Islam at Khandaq, and as a result, Islam would never have existed outside of Arabia. | Hijra year 5 (627 AD), on the orders of Prophet Muhammad, almost nine hundred Jews of a Medinan tribe named Banu Qurayza were massacred by Muslims. The killing began early in the day, ending in torchlight. Those who escaped death (women and children, excluding boys who had begun to grow pubic hair) were taken captive by Muslims to be sold in slave markets and exchanged for horses and armour. Muslims propose many apologetic arguments to excuse this crime. The most favored argument they use is the alleged treachery of Banu Quraiza. Its flaws are evident when considering any act of treachery from this tribe would have put an end to Islam at Khandaq, and as a result, Islam would never have existed outside of Arabia. | ||
<!-- ====Murder of Umm Qirfa of the Banu Fazara==== | |||
====Murder of Umm Qirfa of the Banu Fazara==== | |||
{{Main|The Story of Umm Qirfa}} | {{Main|The Story of Umm Qirfa}} | ||
Umm Qirfa was an old Arab woman contemporaneous to Prophet Muhammad. She belonged to a pagan tribe named Banu Fazara at Wadi Al-Qurra. This old woman who was also a chief of her clan was killed when Muhammad’s followers raided her tribe and won over them. She was tied between two camels which were driven in opposite directions and her body was split apart. Later her decapitated head was presented to Muhammad as a gift. He then ordered it to be paraded throughout the streets of Medina. | Umm Qirfa was an old Arab woman contemporaneous to Prophet Muhammad. She belonged to a pagan tribe named Banu Fazara at Wadi Al-Qurra. This old woman who was also a chief of her clan was killed when Muhammad’s followers raided her tribe and won over them. She was tied between two camels which were driven in opposite directions and her body was split apart. Later her decapitated head was presented to Muhammad as a gift. He then ordered it to be paraded throughout the streets of Medina. --> | ||
== | ==Women== | ||
===Facts and Figures=== | ===Facts and Figures=== | ||
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====Muslim Statistics==== | ====Muslim Statistics==== | ||
{{Main|Muslim Statistics | {{Main|Violence Against Women - Muslim Statistics|l1=Violence Against Women (Muslim Statistics)}} | ||
These pages consists of various statistics concerning Islam and women. A small sample include: | These pages consists of various statistics concerning Islam and women. A small sample include: | ||
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====Rape==== | ====Rape==== | ||
{{Main|Rape}} | {{Main|Rape}} | ||
There is no equivalent term for ‘rape’ in the Qur'an. Likewise, there is not a single verse in the Qur'an which even remotely discourages forced sex. In contrast, there are several verses that permit rape and other sexual crimes against women. Qur'an chapter 4 verse 24 discusses lawful and forbidden women for Muslims, stating that, "(forbidden are) women already married, except those whom your right hands possess." What we see in the beginning of this verse as “forbidden” refers to sexual intercourse. The Qur'an dictates, women already married are forbidden for Muslims except those whom their right hands possess (sex slaves). It is obvious from this verse, a Muslim can have sexual relations with his slave-woman. This is supported by a copious amount of hadith and tafsir. | |||
====Witch Hunts==== | ====Witch Hunts==== | ||
{{Main|Islamic Witch Hunts}} | {{Main|Islamic Witch Hunts}} | ||
The belief in possession by jinn, witchcraft, and the effects of the "evil eye" are mainstream Islamic beliefs, supported by sahih (authentic) hadith. The evil eye is considered a fact that is responsible for the deaths of many Muslims (second only to the will of Allah). Muhammad believed himself to have been affected by the evil eye and the witchcraft of a Jew. Today, the motif of the Hand of Fatima (daughter of Muhammad) is used everywhere in North Africa, especially in jewelry and in door knockers, because it "keeps away the Evil Eye," and according to Islamic scholars, witches must be executed without hesitation. Consequently, witch-hunts are not a distant memory from the Middle Ages, but are a very real part of everyday life in the Muslim world, where women are often accused of this crime and are hunted down, persecuted, jailed or executed for it. | |||
==Terrorism== | ==Terrorism== | ||
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====Muslim Statistics==== | ====Muslim Statistics==== | ||
{{Main|Muslim Statistics | {{Main|Muslim Statistics - Terrorism|l1=Muslim Statistics (Terrorism)}} | ||
This page consists of various statistics concerning Islam and terrorism. A small sample include: | This page consists of various statistics concerning Islam and terrorism. A small sample include: | ||
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====Lesser vs Greater Jihad==== | ====Lesser vs Greater Jihad==== | ||
{{Main|Lesser vs Greater Jihad}} | {{Main|Lesser vs Greater Jihad}} | ||
During Prophet Muhammad's lifetime, and onwards to the present, the word 'Jihad' was, and is, almost always used in a military sense. This idea of a greater and lesser jihad was a later development which originated from the 11th century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadiis, by way of Yahya ibn al 'Ala'. The "lesser versus greater jihad" hadith's isnad has been categorized by scholars as "weak" (da`if), and generally in Islamic law, only the authentic (sahih) and good (hasan) hadiths are used in deriving the rules. The weak hadiths have no value for the purpose of Shari'ah. Contemporary Islamic scholars have even classed it as "maudu" (fabricated), meaning this narration, by some, is not even considered to be a hadith at all. This fabricated hadith does not appear in any of the famous hadith collections, and in fact goes against the teachings found in corroborated (Mutawatir) sahih hadith. Furthermore, all four schools of Sunni jurisprudence (Fiqh) as well as the Shi'ite tradition make no reference at all to the "greater" jihad, only the lesser. So even if we discount the evidence against the validity of this hadith, we know that the concept of the greater jihad is unorthodox and heretical to the majority of the world's Muslims. | |||
====Suicide Bombing==== | ====Suicide Bombing==== | ||
{{Main|The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations}} | {{Main|The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations}} | ||
Suicide is clearly forbidden in Islam, but what apologists often fail to mention is that the permissibility of martyrdom operations (Istishhad) is an altogether different topic, with scholars being split on the issue. Notable scholars and apologists such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist, Dr. Zakir Naik, known for his advocacy of "Qur'anic science", and Tahir Ashrafi, the Chairman of the All Pakistan Ulema Council, have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam. Opinion polls have further shown that an extremely large number of Muslims from around the world support the practice. | |||
From the synopsis of an in-depth fatwa on the subject: "We have arrived at the conclusion that martyrdom operations are permissible, and in fact the Mujahid who is killed in them is better than one who is killed fighting in the ranks, for there are gradations even among martyrs, corresponding to their role, action effort and risk undertaken. Then, we explained how martyrdom operations are the least costly to the Mujahideen and most detrimental to the enemy. We have heard, as you must have, that most scholars today permit such operations; at least 30 Fatawa have been issued to this effect. We explained how this issue is derived from the issue of plunging single-handedly into the enemy ranks; something which is praiseworthy by the agreement of jurists. We then further stated that we preferred the view that such an action is permissible even if martyrdom is the only goal, although it is certainly not the optimal practice." | |||
====Converts to Islam==== | ====Converts to Islam==== | ||
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Those who were born into Islam may be ignorant of their religion and its actual teachings, therefore they are Muslims who are most likely to interpret Islam in a peaceful way. However, many converts to Islam are more zealous; learning as much about their new found faith as they can. When they do that, the only conclusion that they can draw is that Islam's deity endorses terrorism and rewards terrorists. If someone is involved in crime and terrorism and they had converted to a certain faith system, it is almost always Islam that the person converted to. The hate for non-Muslims found in Islam is quickly picked up by them. As a result, these converts often turn to the practice or support of terrorism and violence; often showing hatred for their own family, country, and former way of life. | Those who were born into Islam may be ignorant of their religion and its actual teachings, therefore they are Muslims who are most likely to interpret Islam in a peaceful way. However, many converts to Islam are more zealous; learning as much about their new found faith as they can. When they do that, the only conclusion that they can draw is that Islam's deity endorses terrorism and rewards terrorists. If someone is involved in crime and terrorism and they had converted to a certain faith system, it is almost always Islam that the person converted to. The hate for non-Muslims found in Islam is quickly picked up by them. As a result, these converts often turn to the practice or support of terrorism and violence; often showing hatred for their own family, country, and former way of life. | ||
====Peaceful Moderates==== | |||
{{Main|Are the Overwhelming Majority of Muslims Peaceful Moderates|l1=Are the Overwhelming Majority of Muslims Peaceful Moderates?}} | |||
There was once a time when the media and apologists would defiantly proclaim, "Muslim extremists are only a tiny minority!!!", and Muslims and non-Muslims alike would make nonsensical statements such as "only 0.01 % of Muslims are extremists", etc. Today, due to many in-depth polls and studies on the subject, this claim has been proven false and Islam's apologists have been forced to adapt their rhetoric. Now they tend to claim "the overwhelming majority of Muslims are peace loving moderates". So, are the "overwhelming majority" of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims peace loving moderates? This is an important question. We are now constantly force-fed this claim that they are. But does reality agree with the propaganda? | |||
Even though Dalia Mogahed and John Esposito have tried their best to obfuscate the results, a massive worldwide survey of Muslims conducted by the Gallup polling agency revealed that 36.6 percent of Muslims think the mass-slaughter of innocent non-Muslim (and some Muslim) civilians on 9/11 was either completely, partially or some way justified. This does not support the claim that the "overwhelming majority" of Muslims are peace loving moderates. Yes, "peace loving" Muslims, according to this particular survey, are a majority. But when almost 4 out of every 10 Muslim is a terrorist-supporting "radical", they are hardly "overwhelming". | |||
==Persecution== | ==Persecution== | ||
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====Islamic Scripture==== | ====Islamic Scripture==== | ||
{{Main| | {{Main|Non-Muslims (Primary Sources)}} | ||
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|9|84|64}} | Narrated 'Ali: | {{ quote |{{Bukhari|9|84|64}} | Narrated 'Ali: | ||
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According to FBI hate-crime statistics, hate crimes directed against Muslims "remain relatively rare" in the United states,<ref>Michael Doyle - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/08/27/2165894/hate-crimes-against-muslims-rare.html|2=2011-04-18}} FBI data: Hate crimes against Muslims rare] - The Miami Herald, August 27, 2010</ref> with gays, lesbians and caucasians more frequently a target than the followers of Islam. Jewish victims of hate crimes also outnumber Muslim victims by a ratio of almost 9 to 1, and anti-Muslim incidents only account for a tiny 1.3% of all hate crimes. Even anti-Christian (Catholic/Protestant) incidents outnumber those perpetrated against Muslims in America. Some of the cases listed in this article also put into doubt the truth behind all 105 reported incidents. | According to FBI hate-crime statistics, hate crimes directed against Muslims "remain relatively rare" in the United states,<ref>Michael Doyle - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/08/27/2165894/hate-crimes-against-muslims-rare.html|2=2011-04-18}} FBI data: Hate crimes against Muslims rare] - The Miami Herald, August 27, 2010</ref> with gays, lesbians and caucasians more frequently a target than the followers of Islam. Jewish victims of hate crimes also outnumber Muslim victims by a ratio of almost 9 to 1, and anti-Muslim incidents only account for a tiny 1.3% of all hate crimes. Even anti-Christian (Catholic/Protestant) incidents outnumber those perpetrated against Muslims in America. Some of the cases listed in this article also put into doubt the truth behind all 105 reported incidents. | ||
==Punishments== | |||
===Facts and Figures=== | |||
====Islamic Scripture==== | |||
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Punishments}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|5|33|34}}|The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is: execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides, or exile from the land: that is their disgrace in this world, and a heavy punishment is theirs in the Hereafter; Except for those who repent before they fall into your power: in that case, know that Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}} | |||
====Muslim Statistics==== | |||
{{Main|Muslim Statistics - Shariah|l1=Muslim Statistics (Shari'ah)}} | |||
This pages consists of various statistics concerning Islam and the practice of Shari'ah law. A small sample include: | |||
#1 out of 3 British Muslims aged 16 to 24 believe that Muslim apostates should be executed. | |||
#Majority of worlds Muslims favor changing laws in their countries to allow stoning/amputation for "crimes", and death for apostasy. | |||
#Only 26% of Muslims in Turkey say they would adhere to laws passed by Parliament if it contradicted religious laws. | |||
#Poll finds neither education nor age explains attitudes toward the role of Shari’ah in legislation. | |||
===Related Articles=== | |||
====Amputation==== | |||
{{Main|Amputation}} | |||
Amputation is the removal of part or all of a body part enclosed by skin. It is a prescribed punishment in the Qur'an, and within the context of Islamic law, it refers to the removal of the hands or feet. Today, amputation is used as a punishment for theft in Saudi Arabia and Northern Nigeria, which reintroduced Shari'ah law in 1999. In Somalia, a court run by an extremist Islamic group sentenced four Somali men in June of 2009 to each have a hand and a leg cut off for allegedly stealing mobile phones and guns. In 2008, the Islamic Republic of Iran saw five double amputations in a single week--five convicted robbers were each sentenced to have their right hands and left feet amputated. When the Taliban, an Islamic militant group, took over Afghanistan in 1996, within a year, public executions, amputations and stonings were a regular Friday event in Kabul. | |||
====Stoning==== | |||
{{Main|Stoning}} | |||
Stoning to death, according to traditional interpretations is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include homosexual relationships). The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders." The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury." Due to the Islamic laws on rape requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with 'adultery.' As was the case for a 13-year-old girl in Somalia who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Incidents of stonings have been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanise, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law. The Qur'an itself does not explicitly mention the act, but there are several sahih (authentic) hadith which speak of Muhammad ordering people to be stoned to death. According to hadith, the Qur'anic verses of stoning were written on a piece of paper and were lost when a goat ate the paper. | |||
====Crucifixion==== | |||
{{Main|Crucifixion}} | |||
Crucifixion typically refers to the method of execution and/or torture by tying and/or nailing someone to a cross, stake or tree. It can also refer to the method of public display of a body after execution, such as the incident in Saudi Arabia when a convicted killer was beheaded and his body was "crucified." Despite the fact that Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, abolished crucifixion in the Roman Empire in ad 337, out of veneration for Jesus Christ, the most famous victim of crucifixion, Muhammad perpetuated this practice by declaring it a prescribed punishment in the Qur'an. Crucifixion as a method of torture and execution is reportedly still being used in Sudan and Iraq, both Islamic countries, and it is still a part of Iran's criminal code. Adding itself to the ranks of shari'ah-practicing leaderships, Hamas, the Islamic governing body of Gaza, reinstated the penalty of crucifixion in 2008. | |||
==Miscellaneous== | ==Miscellaneous== | ||
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Many Muslims often gloat and celebrate when an accident or natural disaster befalls the non-Muslim world, believing that it is the actions of a vengeful Allah. For example, following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, some Muslims claimed this tragedy befell the Japanese because "Denying the Lordship of Allah and refusing to submit to Him in worship is the biggest act of injustice," and following the 2005 Atlantic hurricane which struck the United States, the high-ranking Kuwaiti official, Muhammad Yousef Al-Mlaifi, referred to Hurricane Katrina as a "wondrous storm", a "Wind of Torment and Evil from Allah", and a "Soldier of Allah". This belief stems from the fact that the Qur'an often states earthquakes are specifically sent to punish non-Muslims for their disbelief. As Allah's people, Muslims believe they will always be protected by Allah against such calamities. However accidents and natural disasters happen very often in Muslim countries and Allah seems to turn a blind eye when disaster strikes, even when they occur during the Hajj in Mecca, where Islam's holiest site, the Ka'aba, is located. Irrespective of the fact that the Qur'an tells us it is an "asylum of security for men". | Many Muslims often gloat and celebrate when an accident or natural disaster befalls the non-Muslim world, believing that it is the actions of a vengeful Allah. For example, following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, some Muslims claimed this tragedy befell the Japanese because "Denying the Lordship of Allah and refusing to submit to Him in worship is the biggest act of injustice," and following the 2005 Atlantic hurricane which struck the United States, the high-ranking Kuwaiti official, Muhammad Yousef Al-Mlaifi, referred to Hurricane Katrina as a "wondrous storm", a "Wind of Torment and Evil from Allah", and a "Soldier of Allah". This belief stems from the fact that the Qur'an often states earthquakes are specifically sent to punish non-Muslims for their disbelief. As Allah's people, Muslims believe they will always be protected by Allah against such calamities. However accidents and natural disasters happen very often in Muslim countries and Allah seems to turn a blind eye when disaster strikes, even when they occur during the Hajj in Mecca, where Islam's holiest site, the Ka'aba, is located. Irrespective of the fact that the Qur'an tells us it is an "asylum of security for men". | ||
===Images and Videos=== | |||
{{col-float|width=25em}} | |||
Images: | |||
*[[Jihad (Images)]] | |||
*[[Images:Homosexuality]] | |||
*[[Images:Violence Against Women]] | |||
*[[Images:Animal Sacrifices]] | |||
*[[Images:Calls for Islamic Violence]] | |||
*[[Images - Punishments|Images: Punishments]] | |||
*[[Images:Tatbir]] | |||
{{col-float-break|width=25em}} | |||
Videos: | |||
*[[Videos on Islam: Islamic Persecution]] | |||
*[[Videos on Islam: Terrorism]] | |||
*[[Videos on Islam:Homosexuality]] | |||
*[[Videos on Islam: Violence Against Women]] | |||
*[[Videos on Islam:Animal Sacrifices]] | |||
{{col-float-end}}<!-- ===Violent Rituals=== | |||
Cover animal sacrifices and tatbir [[{{Reference archive|1=http://tatbir.org/?p=150|2=2013-05-22}}] --> | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{Hub4|Free Speech|Free Speech}} | |||
'''Other Core Articles''' | '''Other Core Articles''' | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Core | [[Category:Core Articles]] | ||
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