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Hijri Calendar: Difference between revisions
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Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] hijra ("flight" or "migration") from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]] in 622 AD marks the beginning of the '''Islamic lunar calendar''' (also known as the '''Hijri''' or '''Arabic Calendar'''). Thus, the Islamic calendar dates have the suffix '''AH''' (After Hijra). The [[Islam|Islamic]] lunar year (354 or 355 days) is between 10 and 12 days shorter than the "Western" or "Christian" Gregorian solar year (365 or 366 days)<ref>Syed Khalid Shaukat - [http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/calendar.htm What is Islamic Calendar] - MissionIslam</ref>, and so cycles through the seasons.<ref>[http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/astronomical-information-center/calendars Introduction to Calendars]. United States Naval Observatory. Retrieved 15 January 2009.</ref><ref>[http://astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html Calendars] by L. E. Doggett. Section 2.</ref><ref>The international standard for the representation of dates and times, ISO 8601, uses the Gregorian calendar. Section 3.2.1.</ref> The Islamic calendar is used in conjunction with the Gregorian calendar in some parts of the Muslim world, and is almost always referenced in relation to Islamic rituals (like the [[Hajj]]) and festivals (like [[Eid al-Adha]]), as it is with the Islamic calendar that these event correlate. | Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] hijra ("flight" or "migration") from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]] in 622 AD marks the beginning of the '''Islamic lunar calendar''' (also known as the '''Hijri''' or '''Arabic Calendar'''). Thus, the Islamic calendar dates have the suffix '''AH''' (After Hijra). The [[Islam|Islamic]] lunar year (354 or 355 days) is between 10 and 12 days shorter than the "Western" or "Christian" Gregorian solar year (365 or 366 days)<ref>Syed Khalid Shaukat - [http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/calendar.htm What is Islamic Calendar] - MissionIslam</ref>, and so cycles through the seasons.<ref>[http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/astronomical-information-center/calendars Introduction to Calendars]. United States Naval Observatory. Retrieved 15 January 2009.</ref><ref>[http://astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html Calendars] by L. E. Doggett. Section 2.</ref><ref>The international standard for the representation of dates and times, ISO 8601, uses the Gregorian calendar. Section 3.2.1.</ref> The Islamic calendar is used in conjunction with the Gregorian calendar in some parts of the Muslim world, and is almost always referenced in relation to Islamic rituals (like the [[Hajj]]) and festivals (like [[Eid al-Adha]]), as it is with the Islamic calendar that these event correlate. | ||
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|''Rabī‘ ath-ākhar'' | |''Rabī‘ ath-ākhar'' | ||
|رَبِيع ٱلْآخَر | |رَبِيع ٱلْآخَر | ||
|the | |the last spring | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|''Jumādá al-ākhirah'' | |''Jumādá al-ākhirah'' | ||
|جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْآخِرَة | |جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْآخِرَة | ||
|the | |the last of parched land | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 143: | Line 143: | ||
|the rest | |the rest | ||
|Saturday | |Saturday | ||
| | |This is the equivalent of the Hebrew [[Sabbath in Islam|Sabbath]], though hosts none of the accompanying rituals or practices | ||
|} | |} | ||
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#Site the moon visually all over the globe (that is, with the agreement of a majority worldwide) while allowing calculations to dis-confirm these sightings if the calculations suggest the moon has not been born yet | #Site the moon visually all over the globe (that is, with the agreement of a majority worldwide) while allowing calculations to dis-confirm these sightings if the calculations suggest the moon has not been born yet | ||
#Site the moon visually all over the globe (that is, with the agreement of a majority worldwide) while disregarding calculations that disagree with these sightings | #Site the moon visually all over the globe (that is, with the agreement of a majority worldwide) while disregarding calculations that disagree with these sightings | ||
#Site the moon visually all over the globe while disregarding calculations that disagree with these sightings, while referencing only those global sightings that occur to one's east and in one's immediate vicinity (that is, not considering the sightings | #Site the moon visually all over the globe while disregarding calculations that disagree with these sightings, while referencing only those global sightings that occur to one's east and in one's immediate vicinity (that is, not considering the sightings - or lack thereof - of communities westward of one's locale) | ||
#Site the moon only locally using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's time zone | #Site the moon only locally using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's time zone | ||
#Site the moon only locally using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's country | #Site the moon only locally using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's country | ||
#Site the moon only locally without using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's time zone | #Site the moon only locally without using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's time zone | ||
#Site the moon only locally without using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's country | #Site the moon only locally without using optical aids while viewing the sky from anywhere within one's country | ||
# | #Rely on the moon sighting using any of the above techniques from Mecca and Medina, or (taking a practical turn) just comply with the judgement of the Saudi Arabian government in general (so as to avoid global contestation) | ||
==Relevant quotations== | ==Relevant quotations== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Ritual]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pre-Islamic Arabia]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Paganism]] | ||
[[Category:Sacred history]] | |||
[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] | |||