Glossary of Islamic Terms: Difference between revisions

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Glossary of Islamic Terms (view source)

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|The daughter of Abu Bakr. She was Muhammad's third and favorite wife whom he married after the death of Khadıjah, his first wife. Aisha was only six years old at the time of her marriage to Muhammad.
|The daughter of Abu Bakr. She was Muhammad's third and favorite wife whom he married after the death of Khadıjah, his first wife. Aisha was only six years old at the time of her marriage to Muhammad.
|-
|-
|'''Al-‘ayn'''
|'''[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult|Al-‘ayn]]'''
|العين
|العين
|Arabic word meaning "the (evil) eye". Witchcraft and the effects of the "evil eye" are mainstream Islamic beliefs, supported by sahih hadith.
|Arabic word meaning "the (evil) eye". Witchcraft and the effects of the "evil eye" are mainstream Islamic beliefs, supported by sahih hadith.
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|'''[[Antisemitism in Islam|Antisemitism]]'''
|'''[[Antisemitism in Islam|Antisemitism]]'''
|معاداة السامية
|معاداة السامية
|Hatred of Jews.  The Quran is extremely antisemitic.  See Craig Winn's [http://www.prophetofdoom.net/Mein_Kampf.Islam comparison of Muhammad and Hitler].
|Hatred of Jews.
|-
|-
|'''[[Arabic]]'''  
|'''[[Arabic]]'''  
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|التبشير المسيحي
|التبشير المسيحي
|In regards to criticism of Islam, it is a derogatory term, often used in debates as an ad-hominem to encourage Muslim listeners/readers to dismiss any valid points that may have been raised. It is often applied to critics regardless of their religious affiliation or occupation.
|In regards to criticism of Islam, it is a derogatory term, often used in debates as an ad-hominem to encourage Muslim listeners/readers to dismiss any valid points that may have been raised. It is often applied to critics regardless of their religious affiliation or occupation.
|-
|'''[[Crescent Moon|Crescent Moon]]'''
|هلال‎‎
|Hubal was the pagan moon god worshiped at the Ka’aba. The crescent moon was Hubal’s symbol. As with the Cross for Christianity and the Star of David for Judaism, the Crescent moon is today a universal symbol for Islam.
|}
|}


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|Name given to the Islamic rules defining what is right (halal) or wrong (haram). This covers the way Muslims have to pray, fast, run their public and private life, do business, clean themselves, use the toilet, copulate etc.
|Name given to the Islamic rules defining what is right (halal) or wrong (haram). This covers the way Muslims have to pray, fast, run their public and private life, do business, clean themselves, use the toilet, copulate etc.
|-
|-
|'''[[Misinterpreted_Quranic_Verses#Verse_8:39|Fitna]] (Fitnah, disbelief/disorder)'''
|'''[[Misinterpreted_Quranic_Verses#Verse_8:39|Fitna]] (Fitnah, tumilt, oppression)'''
|فتنة
|فتنة
|The word in the Qur’an, often translated into oppression and injustice. Fitna actually refers to disbelief and disorder. It is also the name of a short film by Geert Wilders about Islam's hatred and violence.
|A word in the Qur’an, often translated into oppression and injustice. Some medieval scholars reinterpreted Fitna to include mere disbelief in order to better justify expansionary warfare (see [[Jihad in Islamic Law]]).
|-
|-
|'''[[Five Pillars of Islam]]'''
|'''[[Five Pillars of Islam]]'''
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|'''[[Hajj]]'''
|'''[[Hajj]]'''
|حج‎‎
|حج‎‎
|Annual (and often dangerous) pilgrimage to the [[Ka'aba]] in Mecca in order to participate in [[Pagan_Origins_of_Islam|pagan rituals]], some of them involving the [[Black Stone|black stone]].
|Annual pilgrimage to the [[Ka'aba]] in Mecca in order to participate in [[Pagan_Origins_of_Islam|pagan rituals]], some of them involving the [[Black Stone|black stone]].
|-
|-
|'''Halal'''
|'''Halal'''
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|'''Harbi'''
|'''Harbi'''
|حربي‎‎
|حربي‎‎
|A non-Muslim living in an area regarded as ''Dar Al-harb,'' the 'domain of war,' in which Islam does not dominate and must therefore be fought until Islam dominates it.
|A non-Muslim living in an area regarded as ''Dar Al-harb,'' the 'domain of war,' in which Islam does not dominate and according to medieval scholars must therefore be fought until Islam dominates it.
|-
|-
|'''[[Hijab]]'''  
|'''[[Hijab]]'''  
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|هجرة
|هجرة
|Due to growing animosity between the pagan and Muslim Meccans in 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina, marking the beginning of the Hijra (Migration) era of the Islamic lunar calender and Muhammad's metamorphosis from a preacher to a political and military leader.   
|Due to growing animosity between the pagan and Muslim Meccans in 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina, marking the beginning of the Hijra (Migration) era of the Islamic lunar calender and Muhammad's metamorphosis from a preacher to a political and military leader.   
|-
|'''[[Honor Related Violence|Honor Killings]]'''
|القتل الشرف
|The 'right' of a family to wash its spoiled 'honor' by the 'misconduct' of another family member. This misbehaving includes being raped, thus loosing her hymen to a stranger, among the most horrible thing possible in an Islamic mindset. Refusing to engage into an arranged marriage is also such a dishonor. Said not to be Islamic by western apologists only, but understood by Muslims as the correct application of many Qur'anic verses: Q.24.31 (-Chr.102-); 33.32-36 59 (-Chr.90-); 65.1-6 (-Chr.95-); 66.5 (-Chr107-) and 4.34 (-Chr.92-).
|-
|-
|'''[[Hubal]]'''
|'''[[Hubal]]'''
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|إبليس‎‎
|إبليس‎‎
|see '''Shaytan'''
|see '''Shaytan'''
|-
|'''[[Quadrinity and Idolatry in Islam|Idolatry]]'''
|شرك
|Although most will not admit it, Idolatry is rampant within Islam, as all Muslims idolize Muhammad. Undeniably, Islam is in fact [[Muhammadanism]]. In Semitic religions idolatry is related to the monopolization of God through some sacred books held to represent The 'One' Truth: God's Words or Laws.
|-
|-
|'''[[Ibrahim]]'''  
|'''[[Ibrahim]]'''  
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|إنجيل
|إنجيل
| Derived from the Greek ''evangelion''; a holy book given to Isa by Allah that Muslims claim is the "true" Gospel whereas the gospels of the New Testament are generally considered by them to be corrupted.
| Derived from the Greek ''evangelion''; a holy book given to Isa by Allah that Muslims claim is the "true" Gospel whereas the gospels of the New Testament are generally considered by them to be corrupted.
|-
|[[If Anyone Slays a Person (Qur'an 5:32)|'''Innocent''']]
|برئ
|In Islam, only Muslims are viewed as innocent. Non-Muslims have not accepted Islam, therefore they are seen as guilty of a crime against Allah. (see [[If Anyone Slays a Person (Qur'an 5:32)|If Anyone Slew a Person (Qur'an 5:32)]])
|-
|-
|'''[[In Sha Allah|In sha' allah]]'''  
|'''[[In Sha Allah|In sha' allah]]'''  
|إن شاء الله
|إن شاء الله
|"Allah willing".
|"Allah willing".
|-
|'''Irhab / Irhaab'''
|إرهاب
|Arabic word for "terrorism". Derived form the root رهب (r-h-b). From the same root the Qur'an uses a verb: تُرْهِبُونَ (''tu<b>rh</b>i<b>b</b>oona'') in the verse 8:60, commanding Muslims to "terrorize the enemies of Allah".
|-
|-
|'''[[Jesus|Isa]]'''
|'''[[Jesus|Isa]]'''
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|الإسلام
|الإسلام
|Submission, the actual meaning behind the word ''Islam''. (Also, "Submission" is the name of Theo van Gogh's [[Theo_van_Gogh#Submission:_The_movie_that_cost_Theo_van_Gogh_his_life|movie]] for which he was assassinated.) Not to be confused with "salam" (peace).
|Submission, the actual meaning behind the word ''Islam''. (Also, "Submission" is the name of Theo van Gogh's [[Theo_van_Gogh#Submission:_The_movie_that_cost_Theo_van_Gogh_his_life|movie]] for which he was assassinated.) Not to be confused with "salam" (peace).
|-
|'''[[Islam]]''' (the religion)
|الإسلام
|Totalitarian ideology propounding Arabic imperialism, based on the alleged teachings of Muhammad, which determines the entire social, political and legal life of the Muslims and the non-Muslims dominated by them.
|-
|'''Islamofascism'''
|الفاشية الإسلامية
|Like Nazism was a National-Socialism, Islam is such a Religious-Socialism since its Khalifat is meant to be imposed worldwide, including its lifestyle, through forced conversion.
|-
|-
|'''Islamophobia'''
|'''Islamophobia'''
|الخوف من الإسلام
|الخوف من الإسلام
|A neologism intended to describe bigotry towards Muslim (although Muslimophobia is perhaps a more appropriate term for that particular usage). The term is, unfortunately, frequently used to inhibit criticisms of Islam as an ideology/dogma (and not its human adherents).
|A neologism intended to describe bigotry towards Muslim (although Muslimophobia is perhaps a more appropriate term for that particular usage) or inaccurate depictions of Islam. The term is, unfortunately, frequently used to inhibit criticisms of Islam as an ideology/dogma (and not its human adherents).
|-
|-
|'''Iqamat-ud-Deen'''  
|'''Iqamat-ud-Deen'''  
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|'''[[Jihad|Jihad]] (Djihad: struggle)'''
|'''[[Jihad|Jihad]] (Djihad: struggle)'''
|جهاد
|جهاد
|A religious struggle. Most often referring to the waging of wars of aggression and conquest against non-Muslims in order to bring them and their territories under Islamic rule. (see [[Lesser and Greater Jihad]])
|A religious struggle. Most often referring to the waging of wars of defence or (at later times) aggression and conquest against non-Muslims in order to bring them and their territories under Islamic rule. (see [[Jihad in Islamic Law]])
|-
|-
|'''[[Genies|Jinn]] (Genies)'''
|'''[[Genies|Jinn]] (Genies)'''
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|ماكر
|ماكر
|Deceiver. Someone who makes a person believe something that is not true; a liar. According to the Qur'an, Allah is the best of deceivers. Muhammad was also a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Deception|deceiver]].
|Deceiver. Someone who makes a person believe something that is not true; a liar. According to the Qur'an, Allah is the best of deceivers. Muhammad was also a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Deception|deceiver]].
|-
|'''[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief|Mischief]]''' ("fasad" in Arabic)
|فساد
|As defined by Islamic scripture and understood by Muslims, a ''Mischief maker'' can be someone who simply refuses to accept Islam. Thus, they are liable for physical punishment and even death. The verse 5:32 about "killing one person is like killing humanity" permits killing those who do mischief (''fasad'').
|-
|-
|'''Mosque''' (masjid)
|'''Mosque''' (masjid)
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|تقوى
|تقوى
|''A pious Muslim is one who follows the laws and examples set by Muhammad.
|''A pious Muslim is one who follows the laws and examples set by Muhammad.
|-
|'''Political correctness'''
|تصحيح سياسي
|First coined in communist Russia as an 'a priori' censorship of genuine diversity. Mandatory dishonesty hiding factual informations when contrary to the line held by a party.
|-
|'''Purity'''
|طاهر
|In Islam, only Muslims are considered pure (tahir, pak). Non-Muslims are considered najis (impure, unclean).
|}
|}


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|'''Saifullah'''
|'''Saifullah'''
|سيف الله
|سيف الله
|"Sword of Allah". A title originally given by Muhammad to Khalid ibin al-Walid, the most celebrated and loved warrior in Islamic history. It was also awarded to Shaykh Osama bin Laden in 2007.
|"Sword of Allah". A title originally given by Muhammad to Khalid ibin al-Walid, the most celebrated and loved warrior in Islamic history.
|-
|-
|'''[[Salaf al-Salih (Pious Predecessors)|Salaf]]'''
|'''[[Salaf al-Salih (Pious Predecessors)|Salaf]]'''
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|طاغوت
|طاغوت
|The term referring to various evils in an Islamic sense, such as worshiping associates alongside Allah (''shirk akbar'') or ruling besides the laws (''Akham'') of Islam, and rejecting Islamic terms, evidences (Quran, Sunnat, Usul-ul-fiqh), and Islamic faith (''Kufr'').
|The term referring to various evils in an Islamic sense, such as worshiping associates alongside Allah (''shirk akbar'') or ruling besides the laws (''Akham'') of Islam, and rejecting Islamic terms, evidences (Quran, Sunnat, Usul-ul-fiqh), and Islamic faith (''Kufr'').
|-
|'''[[Taqiyya]] (taqqiya)'''
|تقیة‎‎
|A form of religious dissimulation whereby a Muslim can deny his faith or commit otherwise illegal or blasphemous acts while they are at risk of significant persecution. It is explicitly supported by Qur'anic verses that instruct Muslims not to "take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers... except by way of precaution," and to not utter unbelief "except [while] under compulsion". Critics of Islam often conflate the doctrine of taqiyyah with that of lying in general, mislabelling all forms of lying as an example of "taqiyya". However, taqiyya is only a single aspect of lying within Islam, not the entirety of the subject itself.
|-
|-
|'''[[Corruption of Previous Scriptures|Tahrif]]'''
|'''[[Corruption of Previous Scriptures|Tahrif]]'''
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|توراة‎‎
|توراة‎‎
|The Qur'an talks of the Taurat revealed to Musa (Moses), referring to the Torah - the first five books of the Jewish Bible; found in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Some Muslims and scholars believe it refers to the entire Old Testament, but this view is not widely held.
|The Qur'an talks of the Taurat revealed to Musa (Moses), referring to the Torah - the first five books of the Jewish Bible; found in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Some Muslims and scholars believe it refers to the entire Old Testament, but this view is not widely held.
|-
|'''[[Theo van Gogh]] (1957-2004)'''
|ثيو فان غوخ
|Theo van Gogh was an outspoken Dutch film director and columnist, who was murdered in retaliation for his short-film "Submission" which was deemed blasphemous. In the trial, his killer said to Theo's mother:''I don’t feel your pain, because I was driven by my religious conviction. If I were released and would have the chance to do it again…I would do exactly the same thing. I have to admit I don’t have sympathy for you. I can’t feel for you because I think you are a non-believer.''.
|-
|-
|'''Thought crime (crime without victim)'''
|'''Thought crime (crime without victim)'''
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|أمة‎‎
|أمة‎‎
|The collective worldwide body of Muslim believers.
|The collective worldwide body of Muslim believers.
|-
|'''Useful idiot'''
|غبي نافع
|Said of people not conscious of being manipulated in order to agree with a political agenda. Those convinced by the media and other influences that Islam is indeed a 'religion of Peace'. Sometimes referred to as a [http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Pages/Dhimwits.htm Dhimwit (dïm-wît)]
|-
|-
|'''[[Uswa Hasana]]'''
|'''[[Uswa Hasana]]'''
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|'''[[Waswas]]'''
|'''[[Waswas]]'''
|وسوس
|وسوس
|"Whispering" of Satan. Whenever a Muslim has any thoughts against Islam (including rational criticism), he tries to disregard them as ''waswas'', or whispering of Satan. Many Muslims "suffer" from waswas and try to heal themselves with ''ruqya'' - Islamic exorcism.
|"Whispering" of Satan. According to hadiths, when a Muslim has any thoughts against Islam (including rational criticism), he should disregard them as ''waswas'', or whispering of Satan. One traditional cure for waswas is ''ruqya'' - Islamic exorcism.
|-
|-
|'''[[Ablution|Wudu]]'''
|'''[[Ablution|Wudu]]'''
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|'''[[Zakat]]'''
|'''[[Zakat]]'''
|زكاة‎‎
|زكاة‎‎
|A charity tax, and one of the five pillars of Islam. The majority of Islamic scholars agree that non-Muslims should not benefit from this alms giving.
|A charity tax, and one of the five pillars of Islam. The majority of Islamic scholars agree that non-Muslims should not benefit from this alms giving, unlike sadaqah, which is voluntary charitable giving.
|-
|-
|'''[[Zamzam]]'''
|'''[[Zamzam]]'''
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