Glossary of Islamic Terms: Difference between revisions

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Glossary of Islamic Terms (view source)

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|Literal meaning: "People of the House". This term occurs twice in the Quran {{Quran|11|73}} {{Quran|33|33}}. In Quran. 11:73 it refers to the “house” or family of the prophet Abraham, while in Quran 33:33 it has a more general sense. In its pre-Islamic usage, the term was applied to the ruling family of a clan or tribe, and thus it implies a certain nobility and right to rule.
|Literal meaning: "People of the House". This term occurs twice in the Quran {{Quran|11|73}} {{Quran|33|33}}. In Quran. 11:73 it refers to the “house” or family of the prophet Abraham, while in Quran 33:33 it has a more general sense. In its pre-Islamic usage, the term was applied to the ruling family of a clan or tribe, and thus it implies a certain nobility and right to rule.
|-
|-
|'''[[Islam and the People of the Book|Ahl al-Kitab]]'''
|'''[[People of the Book|Ahl al-Kitab]]'''
|أهل الكتاب
|أهل الكتاب
|Literal meaning: People of the book, a term originated in the Qur'an to represent Jews and Christians who received earlier revelations from God.
|Literal meaning: People of the book, a term originated in the Qur'an to represent Jews and Christians who received earlier revelations from God.
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|Meaning "loyalty and disavowal". An Islamic concept that requires one to love what Allah loves, and hate what Allah hates.
|Meaning "loyalty and disavowal". An Islamic concept that requires one to love what Allah loves, and hate what Allah hates.
|-
|-
|'''[[Islamic Antisemitism|Antisemitism]]'''
|'''[[Antisemitism in Islam|Antisemitism]]'''
|معاداة السامية
|معاداة السامية
|Hatred of Jews.  The Quran is extremely antisemitic.  See Craig Winn's [http://www.prophetofdoom.net/Mein_Kampf.Islam comparison of Muhammad and Hitler].
|Hatred of Jews.  The Quran is extremely antisemitic.  See Craig Winn's [http://www.prophetofdoom.net/Mein_Kampf.Islam comparison of Muhammad and Hitler].
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|Non-Muslim communities living under Islamic law (Shariah), who enjoy legal status but are subject to many restrictions and taxes. Also described as humans of second class, referring to the 'People of the Book', i.e. Jews and Christians.  
|Non-Muslim communities living under Islamic law (Shariah), who enjoy legal status but are subject to many restrictions and taxes. Also described as humans of second class, referring to the 'People of the Book', i.e. Jews and Christians.  
|-
|-
|'''[[Dhul-Qarnayn]]'''
|'''[[Category:Dhul-Qarnayn|Dhul-Qarnayn]]'''
|ذو القرنين
|ذو القرنين
|A figure appearing in {{Quran|18|83-98}}, identified by some as Alexander the Great who built a barrier against Gog and Magog.  
|A figure appearing in {{Quran|18|83-98}}, identified by some as Alexander the Great who built a barrier against Gog and Magog.  
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|'''[[Fard]]'''
|'''[[Fard]]'''
|فرض
|فرض
|When something is fard, it is an obligatory duty that every Muslim is required to perform. For example; daily prayer (salah), hijab, pilgrimage to Mecca ([[hajj]]), and [[Jihad is Compulsory (Fard)|jihad]].
|When something is fard, it is an obligatory duty that every Muslim is required to perform. For example; daily prayer (salah), hijab, pilgrimage to Mecca ([[hajj]]), and [[Jihad as Obligation (Fard)|jihad]].
|-
|-
|'''[[Fatwa]]'''
|'''[[Fatwa]]'''
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| Derived from the Greek ''evangelion''; a holy book given to Isa by Allah that Muslims claim is the "true" Gospel whereas the gospels of the New Testament are generally considered by them to be corrupted.
| Derived from the Greek ''evangelion''; a holy book given to Isa by Allah that Muslims claim is the "true" Gospel whereas the gospels of the New Testament are generally considered by them to be corrupted.
|-
|-
|[[If Anyone Slew a Person|'''Innocent''']]
|[[If Anyone Slays a Person (Qur'an 5:32)|'''Innocent''']]
|برئ
|برئ
|In Islam, only Muslims are viewed as innocent. Non-Muslims have not accepted Islam, therefore they are seen as guilty of a crime against Allah. (see [[If Anyone Slew a Person|If Anyone Slew a Person (Qur'an 5:32)]])
|In Islam, only Muslims are viewed as innocent. Non-Muslims have not accepted Islam, therefore they are seen as guilty of a crime against Allah. (see [[If Anyone Slays a Person (Qur'an 5:32)|If Anyone Slew a Person (Qur'an 5:32)]])
|-
|-
|'''[[In Sha Allah|In sha' allah]]'''  
|'''[[In Sha Allah|In sha' allah]]'''  
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!Definition
!Definition
|-
|-
|'''[[Jahannam]]'''  
|'''[[Jahannam (Hell)|Jahannam]]'''  
|جهنم‎‎
|جهنم‎‎
|Jahannam (Hell) was specifically created and prepared with eternal fire by Allah, so that he could torture disbelievers, most of whom are women.
|Jahannam (Hell) was specifically created and prepared with eternal fire by Allah, so that he could torture disbelievers, most of whom are women.
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|'''[[Gabriel‎|Jibreel]] (Gabriel)'''  
|'''[[Gabriel‎|Jibreel]] (Gabriel)'''  
|جبريل
|جبريل
|According to Islamic scriptures, Jibreel is the angel who first appeared to Muhammad in the cave of Hijra and taught him the Qur'an. According to the Qur'an, he was also sent by Allah to [[Allah and Marys Vagina|blow into Mary's vagina]].
|According to Islamic scriptures, Jibreel is the angel who first appeared to Muhammad in the cave of Hijra and taught him the Qur'an. According to the Qur'an, he was also sent by Allah to [[Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an|blow into Mary's vagina]].
|-
|-
|'''[[Terrorism|Jihad]] (Djihad: struggle)'''
|'''[[Jihad|Jihad]] (Djihad: struggle)'''
|جهاد
|جهاد
|A religious struggle. Most often referring to the waging of wars of aggression and conquest against non-Muslims in order to bring them and their territories under Islamic rule. (see [[Lesser vs Greater Jihad]])
|A religious struggle. Most often referring to the waging of wars of aggression and conquest against non-Muslims in order to bring them and their territories under Islamic rule. (see [[Lesser and Greater Jihad]])
|-
|-
|'''[[Genies|Jinn]] (Genies)'''
|'''[[Genies|Jinn]] (Genies)'''
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|-
|-
|-
|-
|'''[[Mahr]]''' (Dowry)
|'''[[Mahr (Marital Price)|Mahr]]''' (Dowry)
|مهر
|مهر
|The ''mahr'' is payment for the use of a woman's vagina in sexual intercourse. (see also [[#N|Nikah]])
|The ''mahr'' is payment for the use of a woman's vagina in sexual intercourse. (see also [[#N|Nikah]])
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|Deceiver. Someone who makes a person believe something that is not true; a liar. According to the Qur'an, Allah is the best of deceivers. Muhammad was also a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Deception|deceiver]].
|Deceiver. Someone who makes a person believe something that is not true; a liar. According to the Qur'an, Allah is the best of deceivers. Muhammad was also a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Deception|deceiver]].
|-
|-
|'''[[Mischief]]''' ("fasad" in Arabic)
|'''[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Mischief|Mischief]]''' ("fasad" in Arabic)
|فساد
|فساد
|As defined by Islamic scripture and understood by Muslims, a ''Mischief maker'' can be someone who simply refuses to accept Islam. Thus, they are liable for physical punishment and even death. The verse 5:32 about "killing one person is like killing humanity" permits killing those who do mischief (''fasad'').
|As defined by Islamic scripture and understood by Muslims, a ''Mischief maker'' can be someone who simply refuses to accept Islam. Thus, they are liable for physical punishment and even death. The verse 5:32 about "killing one person is like killing humanity" permits killing those who do mischief (''fasad'').
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|'''[[Nikah]]'''
|'''[[Nikah]]'''
|نكاح
|نكاح
|The Islamic equivalent of a marriage. Literally meaning "fuck" or "sexual intercourse". Jabiri-Arablu, a contemporary Islamic scholar, defines nikah as “a contract for the ownership, tamlik, of the use of [the] vagina”. The actual Arabic term for marriage is “Zawaj”. (see also [[#M|Mahr]], the payment received by the "bride" for nikah)
|The Islamic equivalent of a marriage. Literally meaning "fuck" or "sexual intercourse". Jabiri-Arablu, a contemporary Islamic scholar, defines nikah as “a contract for the ownership, tamlik, of the use of [the] vagina”. The actual Arabic term for marriage is “Zawaj”. (see also [[Mahr (Marital Price)|Mahr]], the payment received by the "bride" for nikah)
|-
|-
|'''Niqab'''  
|'''Niqab'''  
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|"Sword of Allah". A title originally given by Muhammad to Khalid ibin al-Walid, the most celebrated and loved warrior in Islamic history. It was also awarded to Shaykh Osama bin Laden in 2007.
|"Sword of Allah". A title originally given by Muhammad to Khalid ibin al-Walid, the most celebrated and loved warrior in Islamic history. It was also awarded to Shaykh Osama bin Laden in 2007.
|-
|-
|'''[[Salaf]]'''
|'''[[Salaf al-Salih (Pious Predecessors)|Salaf]]'''
|سلف‎‎
|سلف‎‎
|Arabic noun which translates to "predecessor", or "forefather". In Islam it refers to the first three generations of Muslims, the so-called "Pious Predecessors". Salafis (or "Wahhabis") are not a part of a deviant or innovative Islamic sect, but strict orthodox followers of the Qur'an and Sunnah.  
|Arabic noun which translates to "predecessor", or "forefather". In Islam it refers to the first three generations of Muslims, the so-called "Pious Predecessors". Salafis (or "Wahhabis") are not a part of a deviant or innovative Islamic sect, but strict orthodox followers of the Qur'an and Sunnah.  
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|Islamic profession of faith, "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of the Allah."
|Islamic profession of faith, "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of the Allah."
|-
|-
|'''[[Shahid]]'''
|'''[[Shaheed (Martyr)|Shahid]]'''
|شهيد‎‎
|شهيد‎‎
|Martyr. Used as a title for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment, or waging war for Islam.
|Martyr. Used as a title for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment, or waging war for Islam.
|-
|-
|'''[[Shariah|Shari'ah]] / Sharia'''
|'''[[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]] / Sharia'''
|شريعة‎‎
|شريعة‎‎
|Archaic religious judicial system, which regulates the entire social life of Muslims and non-Muslims under Islamic dominance. Believed by Muslims to be God-given, it is immutable. Bid'ah, Fard, Fiqh, Ahadith, Hudd and Tafsir are part of the jurisprudence.
|Archaic religious judicial system, which regulates the entire social life of Muslims and non-Muslims under Islamic dominance. Believed by Muslims to be God-given, it is immutable. Bid'ah, Fard, Fiqh, Ahadith, Hudd and Tafsir are part of the jurisprudence.
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|'''[[Taqiyya]] (taqqiya)'''
|'''[[Taqiyya]] (taqqiya)'''
|تقیة‎‎
|تقیة‎‎
|A form of religious dissimulation whereby a Muslim can deny his faith or commit otherwise illegal or blasphemous acts while they are at risk of significant persecution. It is explicitly supported by Qur'anic verses that instruct Muslims not to "take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers... except by way of precaution," and to not utter unbelief "except [while] under compulsion". Critics of Islam often conflate the doctrine of taqiyyah with that of lying in general, mislabelling all forms of lying as an example of "taqiyya". However, taqiyya is only a single aspect of [[Lying|lying within Islam]], not the entirety of the subject itself.
|A form of religious dissimulation whereby a Muslim can deny his faith or commit otherwise illegal or blasphemous acts while they are at risk of significant persecution. It is explicitly supported by Qur'anic verses that instruct Muslims not to "take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers... except by way of precaution," and to not utter unbelief "except [while] under compulsion". Critics of Islam often conflate the doctrine of taqiyyah with that of lying in general, mislabelling all forms of lying as an example of "taqiyya". However, taqiyya is only a single aspect of lying within Islam, not the entirety of the subject itself.
|-
|-
|'''[[Corruption of Previous Scriptures (Qur'an 2:79)|Tahrif]]'''
|'''[[Corruption of Previous Scriptures|Tahrif]]'''
|تحريف
|تحريف
|Meaning ''distortion'', ''corruption'', ''alteration''. The vast majority of today's Muslims assume the Taurat and Injil have been corrupted, but the Qur'an never says the physical scriptures of the previous revelations were corrupted, only their interpretations. Many early and contemporary Muslim scholars (e.g. Ibn ‘Abbas, Ibn al-Layth, Ibn Rabban, Ibn Qutayba, Al-Ya'qubi, Al-Tabari, Al-Baqillani, Al-Mas'udi,) agree with the conclusion.
|Meaning ''distortion'', ''corruption'', ''alteration''. The vast majority of today's Muslims assume the Taurat and Injil have been corrupted, but the Qur'an never says the physical scriptures of the previous revelations were corrupted, only their interpretations. Many early and contemporary Muslim scholars (e.g. Ibn ‘Abbas, Ibn al-Layth, Ibn Rabban, Ibn Qutayba, Al-Ya'qubi, Al-Tabari, Al-Baqillani, Al-Mas'udi,) agree with the conclusion.
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|Mid-day prayer as sun moves away from its peak position.  
|Mid-day prayer as sun moves away from its peak position.  
|}
|}
==See Also==
{{Hub4|Islamic Terms|Islamic Terms}}
IbnPinker
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