6,632
edits
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence): Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
| [checked revision] | [checked revision] |
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=2|Language=4|References=2}} | {{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=2|Language=4|References=2}} | ||
[[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه), is the activity [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] engage in as they elaborate the [[Shari'ah]], or "[[Islamic Law|Islamic law]]"/"God's Law", based directly on the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]] or "way", as compiled in the [[ | [[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه), is the activity [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] engage in as they elaborate the [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]], or "[[Islamic Law|Islamic law]]"/"God's Law", based directly on the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]] or "way", as compiled in the [[hadith]]. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as [[Revelation|revealed]] to Muhammad". | ||
Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four [[Sunni]] [[Madhab|madhabs]], or two/three [[Shi'ite]] madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or [[Fatwa|fatwas]], arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and is categorically prohibited. | Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four [[Sunni]] [[Madhab|madhabs]], or two/three [[Shi'ism|Shi'ite]] madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or [[Fatwa|fatwas]], arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and is categorically prohibited. | ||
While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would only begin to be introduced nearly a hundred years later, both making their first appearance during the life of the Sunni Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855), and develop into more formal schools thereafter<ref>Muhammad Hashim Kamali, ''Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence'', 1989</ref> | While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would only begin to be introduced nearly a hundred years later, both making their first appearance during the life of the Sunni Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855), and develop into more formal schools thereafter<ref>Muhammad Hashim Kamali, ''Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence'', 1989</ref> | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
*[http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20020808145141/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik]'' - Online text of a book of Shafi'i Fiqh'' | *[http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20020808145141/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik]'' - Online text of a book of Shafi'i Fiqh'' | ||
*[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996)] ''- A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh'' | *[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996)] ''- A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Fiqh (legal theory)]] | |||
[[Category:Tafsir]] | |||
[[Category:Hadith]] | |||
[[Category:Qur'an]] | |||