Christians Jews and Muslims in Heaven: Difference between revisions

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{{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=3|Content=4|Language=2|References=3}}
[[File:Quran 2-62.png|290px|right|thumb]]
[[File:Quran 2-62.png|290px|right|thumb]]
This article analyzes the apologetic claim, often used by the [[Ahmadiyya]],<ref>For example, an article by an American Ahmadi named Dr. Faheem Younus, on his Huffington Post‎ blog, titled "[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/2012/04/in-islam-heaven-is-not-exclusive-oh.html In Islam, Heaven Is Not Exclusive]".</ref> that according to [[Islam]], [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christians and Jews]] who adhere to their faiths will enter [[Heaven|Paradise]] alongside Muslims. It also explains what [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic texts]] actually say about Christians and Jews in the Hearafter.
This article analyzes the claim, commonplace among the [[Ahmadiyya]] in particular,<ref>For example, an article by an American Ahmadi named Dr. Faheem Younus, on his Huffington Post‎ blog, titled "[http://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/2012/04/in-islam-heaven-is-not-exclusive-oh.html In Islam, Heaven Is Not Exclusive]".</ref> that according to [[Islam]], [[People of the Book|Christians and Jews]] who adhere to their faiths will enter [[Heaven|Paradise]] alongside Muslims. The verse presented as evidence for the claim will be considered alongside other verses discussing the fate of the [[People of the Book|people of the book]] in the Qur'an.
==Qur'an==
==Qur'an==


===Surah 2:62===
===Surah 2:62===


This verse is often quoted in an effort to prove Islam is tolerant and inclusive of other faiths.
This verse is often quoted in an effort to prove Islam is tolerant and inclusive of other faiths, as it seems to suggest that Christians, Jews, and Muslims will all be admitted to paradise.


{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord, and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve.}}
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====Surah 5:69====
====Surah 5:69====


Less quoted, but very similar to the previous verse:  
Another, less cited, but similar verse:  


{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|Surely those who believe and those who are Jews and the Sabians and the Christians whoever believes in Allah and the last day and does good-- they shall have no fear nor shall they grieve.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|Surely those who believe and those who are Jews and the Sabians and the Christians whoever believes in Allah and the last day and does good-- they shall have no fear nor shall they grieve.}}
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==Analysis==
==Analysis==


===Qur'an ===
===Qur'an===


====Muhammad====
====Muhammad====
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{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|And whoever desires '''a religion other than Islam, it shall not be accepted from him''', and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|And whoever desires '''a religion other than Islam, it shall not be accepted from him''', and in the hereafter he shall be one of the losers.}}


To accept the interpretation of verse 2:62 presented by Ahmadis and apologists, would also mean having to accept the Qur'an contains a blatant contradiction. However, as most Muslims will already be aware, this is not a contradiction if one takes the doctrine of [[abrogation]] into consideration.
The pluralistic interpretation of 2:62 would seem to plainly contradict other verses in the Qur'an. Some have responded to this apparent contradiction by suggesting it to be an instance of [[Abrogation]] (or Naskh).


===Commentaries===
===Commentaries===
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====Tafsir Ibn Kathir====
====Tafsir Ibn Kathir====
{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=372 Faith and doing Righteous Deeds equals Salvation in all Times]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=After Allah described the condition - and punishment - of those who defy His commands, fall into His prohibitions and transgress set limits by committing prohibited acts, '''He stated that the earlier nations who were righteous and obedient received the rewards for their good deeds. This shall be the case, until the Day of Judgment. Therefore, whoever follows the unlettered Messenger and Prophet shall acquire eternal happiness''' and shall neither fear from what will happen in the future nor become sad for what has been lost in the past. Similarly, Allah said,
{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qtafsir.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D372&date=2015-03-14 Faith and doing Righteous Deeds equals Salvation in all Times]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=After Allah described the condition - and punishment - of those who defy His commands, fall into His prohibitions and transgress set limits by committing prohibited acts, '''He stated that the earlier nations who were righteous and obedient received the rewards for their good deeds. This shall be the case, until the Day of Judgment. Therefore, whoever follows the unlettered Messenger and Prophet shall acquire eternal happiness''' and shall neither fear from what will happen in the future nor become sad for what has been lost in the past. Similarly, Allah said,


(No doubt! Verily, the Awliya' of Allah, no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve) (10:62).
(No doubt! Verily, the Awliya' of Allah, no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve) (10:62).
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(Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone)," and then they stand firm, on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying): "Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised!"). (41:30)}}
(Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone)," and then they stand firm, on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying): "Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised!"). (41:30)}}


{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=371 The Meaning of Mu'min, or Believer]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=`Ali bin Abi Talhah narrated from Ibn `Abbas, about,
{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qtafsir.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D371&date=2015-03-14 The Meaning of Mu'min, or Believer]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=`Ali bin Abi Talhah narrated from Ibn `Abbas, about,
(Verily, those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day) '''that Allah revealed the following Ayah afterwards,
(Verily, those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day) '''that Allah revealed the following Ayah afterwards,
(And whoever seeks religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers) (3:85)'''.
(And whoever seeks religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers) (3:85)'''.
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====Reliance of the Traveller====
====Reliance of the Traveller====


{{Quote|[http://www.shafiifiqh.com/maktabah/relianceoftraveller.pdf Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law]<BR>Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller (pp. 848-849)|Suddi states that (2:62) was revealed about the former companions of Salman the Persian when he mentioned them to the Prophet, relating how they had been, saying, "They used to pray, fast, and believe in you, and testify that you would be sent as a prophet." When he had finished praising them, '''the Prophet replied, "Salman, they are the denizens of hell," which came to discomfit Salman greatly, and so Allah revealed (2:62)'''.
{{Quote|[https://archive.org/details/RelianceOfTheTraveller-TheClassicManualOfIslamicSacredLawumdat Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law]<BR>Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Edited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller (pp. 848-849)|Suddi states that (2:62) was revealed about the former companions of Salman the Persian when he mentioned them to the Prophet, relating how they had been, saying, "They used to pray, fast, and believe in you, and testify that you would be sent as a prophet." When he had finished praising them, '''the Prophet replied, "Salman, they are the denizens of hell," which came to discomfit Salman greatly, and so Allah revealed (2:62)'''.


The faith of the Jews was that of whoever adhered to the Torah and the sunna of Moses until the coming of Jesus. When Jesus came, whoever held fast to the Torah and the sunna of Moses without giving them up and following Jesus was lost.
The faith of the Jews was that of whoever adhered to the Torah and the sunna of Moses until the coming of Jesus. When Jesus came, whoever held fast to the Torah and the sunna of Moses without giving them up and following Jesus was lost.
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{{Quote|{{Quran|4|48}}|Surely '''Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him''', and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever He pleases; and whoever associates anything with Allah, he devises indeed a great sin.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|48}}|Surely '''Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him''', and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever He pleases; and whoever associates anything with Allah, he devises indeed a great sin.}}


Belief in the Christian Trinity is considered to be "associating partners" with Allah (i.e. polytheism), and the Qur'an specifically and repeatedly damns these Christians to Hell as blasphemous "disbelievers".
Belief in the Christian Trinity is considered to be "associating partners" with Allah (i.e. polytheism), and the Qur'an specifically condemns the practice as blasphemy that will lead "disbelievers" to hell.


{{Quote|{{Quran|5|72}}|'''Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Marium'''; and the Messiah said: O Children of Israel! serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely '''whoever associates (others) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden to him the garden, and his abode is the fire'''; and there shall be no helpers for the unjust.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|72}}|'''Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Marium'''; and the Messiah said: O Children of Israel! serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely '''whoever associates (others) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden to him the garden, and his abode is the fire'''; and there shall be no helpers for the unjust.}}
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====Christians and Jews thrown into hell====
====Christians and Jews thrown into hell====


The following narrations are taken from [[Sahih]] Muslim (Chapter 8: "Throwing of non-believers in Hell-fire for believers as divine grace and mercy"). They tell us some Muslims will earn their place in Paradise and be spared [[Hell]]-Fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection by making innocent Christians and Jews take their place and be thrown into hell.
The following narrations are taken from [[Sahih]] Muslim (Chapter 8: "Throwing of non-believers in Hell-fire for believers as divine grace and mercy"). They tell us some Muslims will earn their place in Paradise and be spared [[Hell]]-Fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection as Christians and Jews take their place in hell.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6665}}|Abu Musa' reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When it will be the Day of Resurrection Allah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say: That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6665}}|Abu Musa' reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When it will be the Day of Resurrection Allah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say: That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.}}
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{{Quote|1=[http://spa.qibla.com/issue_view.asp?HD=12&ID=592&CATE=10 Are Christians Kafirs? Mushriks? If not, can a Muslim woman marry a non-Muslim?]<BR>Shaykh Faraz Rabbani, Qibla, Question ID:592|2=The People of the Book are kafirs, and it is obligatory to believe that they are so, as Imam Nawawi explains. There is scholarly consensus on this, because of the clear nature of the texts about this.The Christians at the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) already believed in the Trinity, the divinity of Jesus (peace be upon him), and such things.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://spa.qibla.com/issue_view.asp?HD=12&ID=592&CATE=10 Are Christians Kafirs? Mushriks? If not, can a Muslim woman marry a non-Muslim?]<BR>Shaykh Faraz Rabbani, Qibla, Question ID:592|2=The People of the Book are kafirs, and it is obligatory to believe that they are so, as Imam Nawawi explains. There is scholarly consensus on this, because of the clear nature of the texts about this.The Christians at the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) already believed in the Trinity, the divinity of Jesus (peace be upon him), and such things.}}


====Ruling regarding Jews and Christians ====
====Ruling regarding Jews and Christians====


{{Quote|1=[http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=2924 What is the ruling regarding Jews and Christians nowadays? Are they considered believers or disbelievers?]<BR>Islamweb, Fatwa No. 2924, August 30, 2010|2=The Quran, Sunnah and the consensus of scholars indicate that a man who embraces any religion other than Islam, is a disbeliever. His faith will not be accepted and, in the next life, he will be among those at loss<BR>. . .<BR>
{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Femainpage%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dshowfatwa%26Option%3DFatwaId%26Id%3D2924&date=2015-03-14 What is the ruling regarding Jews and Christians nowadays? Are they considered believers or disbelievers?]<BR>Islamweb, Fatwa No. 2924, August 30, 2010|2=The Quran, Sunnah and the consensus of scholars indicate that a man who embraces any religion other than Islam, is a disbeliever. His faith will not be accepted and, in the next life, he will be among those at loss<BR>. . .<BR>
There is an explicit text that states that the People of the Book who do not believe in Muhammad, , or deny the Prophethood of any other Prophet, or those who associate deities with Allaah The Almighty, are disbelievers.<BR>. . .<BR>
There is an explicit text that states that the People of the Book who do not believe in Muhammad, , or deny the Prophethood of any other Prophet, or those who associate deities with Allaah The Almighty, are disbelievers.<BR>. . .<BR>
Everything that we have mentioned above is indisputable in Islam; and, anyone who denies or doubts any of it is deemed a disbeliever. Al-Qaadhi ‘Iyaadh  reported the consensus of scholars on this matter.  
Everything that we have mentioned above is indisputable in Islam; and, anyone who denies or doubts any of it is deemed a disbeliever. Al-Qaadhi ‘Iyaadh  reported the consensus of scholars on this matter.  
Some Hanbali scholars have added that the one who doubts the disbelief of the People of the Book becomes a disbeliever}}
Some Hanbali scholars have added that the one who doubts the disbelief of the People of the Book becomes a disbeliever}}


== Conclusion ==
==Conclusion==


There are many verses in the Qur'an that label Christians and Jews as disbelievers, and numerous more that explicitly condemn them and other disbelievers to Hell. There is scholarly consensus on the fact that Christians and Jews are viewed by Islam as kafirs, because of "the clear nature of the texts about this".
There are many verses in the Qur'an that label Christians and Jews as disbelievers, and numerous more that explicitly condemn them and other disbelievers to Hell. There is scholarly consensus on the fact that Christians and Jews are viewed by Islam as kafirs, because of "the clear nature of the texts about this".
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Therefore, the concept of Heavenly rewards in Islam are now exclusively offered to Muslims. Christians and Jews may believe in a single monotheistic god, but they do not believe in "His Messenger". Thus they are destined for the "burning fire".
Therefore, the concept of Heavenly rewards in Islam are now exclusively offered to Muslims. Christians and Jews may believe in a single monotheistic god, but they do not believe in "His Messenger". Thus they are destined for the "burning fire".


Additionally, the non-Muslims who do make it into Paradise will only be used as sex-slaves by believing men, Muslims who themselves will be spared hell-fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection by making innocent Christians and Jews take their place and be thrown into Hell.
Additionally, the non-Muslims who do make it into Paradise will only be used as sex-slaves by believing men, Muslims who themselves will be spared hell-fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection only as a result of Christians and Jews taking their place in Hell.


==See Also==
==See Also==


{{Hub4|Heaven|Heaven}}
{{Hub4|Heaven|Heaven}}
{{Hub4|Misinterpreted Verses|Misinterpreted Verses}}
*[[Misrepresentations of Islamic Scripture]]


==External Links==
==External Links==


*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answeringmuslims.com/2010/10/salvation-for-non-muslims-reconciling.html|2=2012-09-14}} Salvation for non-Muslims? Reconciling 2:62 and 3:85] ''- Answering Muslims
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answeringmuslims.com/2010/10/salvation-for-non-muslims-reconciling.html|2=2012-09-14}} Salvation for non-Muslims? Reconciling 2:62 and 3:85] ''- Answering Muslims''
''
 
<br />
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
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[[Category:People of the Book]]
[[Category:People of the Book]]
{{page_title|Christians, Jews and Muslims in Heaven (Qur'an 2:62)}}
{{page_title|Christians, Jews and Muslims in Heaven (Qur'an 2:62)}}
[[Category:Heaven]]
[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
[[Category:Tafsir]]
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