User:Flynnjed/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 107: Line 107:
{{Quote|[https://unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/De-linking%20FGM%20from%20Islam%20final%20report.pdf 'Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam'] by Ibrahim Lethome Asmani & Maryam Sheikh Abdi (2008)|'Shafi’i view it as wajib (obligatory) for both females and males'}}
{{Quote|[https://unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/De-linking%20FGM%20from%20Islam%20final%20report.pdf 'Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam'] by Ibrahim Lethome Asmani & Maryam Sheikh Abdi (2008)|'Shafi’i view it as wajib (obligatory) for both females and males'}}


'Reliance of the Traveller' by by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (1302–1367) is the Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law according to Shafi'i School. {{Quote|''Reliance of the Traveler'' [''Umdat al-Salik''], Section e4.3 on Circumcision|'''Obligatory (on every male and female) is circumcision.''' (And it is the cutting-off of the skin [''qat' al-jaldah''] on the glans of the male member and, '''as for the circumcision of the female, that is the cutting-off of the clitoris')}}Nuh Ha Mim Keller's 1991 translation of Reliance of the Traveller is bowdlerised to make its content more acceptable to Western eyes and translates the word 'bazr' ( بَظْرٌ ) as 'clitorial prepuce' instead of simply 'clitoris' (see section [[#Defining Bazr|Defining Bazr)]].
'Reliance of the Traveller' by by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (1302–1367) is the Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law according to Shafi'i School. {{Quote|''Reliance of the Traveler'' [''Umdat al-Salik''], Section e4.3 on Circumcision|'''Obligatory (on every male and female) is circumcision.''' (And it is the cutting-off of the skin [''qat' al-jaldah''] on the glans of the male member and, '''as for the circumcision of the female, that is the cutting-off of the clitoris')}}'''Nuh Ha Mim Keller's 1991 translation of Reliance of the Traveller is bowdlerised to make its content more acceptable to Western eyes and translates the word 'bazr' ( بَظْرٌ ) as 'clitorial prepuce' instead of simply 'clitoris' (see section [[#Defining Bazr|Defining Bazr)]].'''


===Hanbali Madhab===
===Hanbali Madhab===
Line 193: Line 193:


'''FGM IS NOT REQUIRED BY ISLAM'''
'''FGM IS NOT REQUIRED BY ISLAM'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#equivocation|FGM not required by Islam]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#equivocation|FGM not required by Islam]])


''“All practices of female circumcision and mutilation are crimes and have no relationship with Islam. Whether it involves the removal of the skin or the cutting of the flesh of the female genital organs… it is not an obligation in Islam.”'' [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=77396# Dr Ahmed Talib, Dean of the Faculty of Sharia at Al-Azhar University]
''“All practices of female circumcision and mutilation are crimes and have no relationship with Islam. Whether it involves the removal of the skin or the cutting of the flesh of the female genital organs… it is not an obligation in Islam.”'' [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=77396# Dr Ahmed Talib, Dean of the Faculty of Sharia at Al-Azhar University]
Line 200: Line 201:


'''FGM EXISTED BEFORE ISLAM'''
'''FGM EXISTED BEFORE ISLAM'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#before|FGM existed before Islam]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#before|FGM existed before Islam]])


“''While the exact origin of female circumcision is not known, it preceded Christianity and Islam.” [http://www.jannah.org/genderequity/equityappendix.html IS FEMALE CIRCUMCISION REQUIRED]''
“''While the exact origin of female circumcision is not known, it preceded Christianity and Islam.” [http://www.jannah.org/genderequity/equityappendix.html IS FEMALE CIRCUMCISION REQUIRED]''


'''THERE IS NO FGM IN THE KORAN'''
'''THERE IS NO FGM IN THE KORAN'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#noFGMQur|there is no FGM in the Qur'an]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#noFGMQur|there is no FGM in the Qur'an]])


“The practice is not mentioned in the Quran” [https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/09/18/fatwa-fgm-could-be-part-solution A Fatwa on FGM Could be Part of the Solution – Kurdistan 2010]
“The practice is not mentioned in the Quran” [https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/09/18/fatwa-fgm-could-be-part-solution A Fatwa on FGM Could be Part of the Solution – Kurdistan 2010]


'''THE QUR'AN FORBIDS MUTILATION'''
'''THE QUR'AN FORBIDS MUTILATION'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#Qforbids|the Qur'an forbids mutilation]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#Qforbids|the Qur'an forbids mutilation]])


“''Allah Almighty prohibits in the Holy Quran to cut a body part of human beings without any reason because a human being is the most beloved creature to the omnipotent Allah, and is the creature in whose beautiful creation the Almighty takes pride in.”'' [http://courtingthelaw.com/2016/04/28/commentary/islam-and-female-genital-mutilation-fgm/ Islam And Female Genital Mutilation, Pakistan, 2016]
“''Allah Almighty prohibits in the Holy Quran to cut a body part of human beings without any reason because a human being is the most beloved creature to the omnipotent Allah, and is the creature in whose beautiful creation the Almighty takes pride in.”'' [http://courtingthelaw.com/2016/04/28/commentary/islam-and-female-genital-mutilation-fgm/ Islam And Female Genital Mutilation, Pakistan, 2016]
Line 219: Line 223:


'''THERE IS NO RECORD OF MOHAMMED HAVING HIS WIVES OR DAUGHTERS CIRCUMCISED'''
'''THERE IS NO RECORD OF MOHAMMED HAVING HIS WIVES OR DAUGHTERS CIRCUMCISED'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#wivesnd|There is no record of Muhammad having his wives or daughters circumcised]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#wivesnd|There is no record of Muhammad having his wives or daughters circumcised]])


''“''[Mohammed] ''had four daughters and we have no strong sources to prove if even one of them was circumcised”'' [http://courtingthelaw.com/2016/04/28/commentary/islam-and-female-genital-mutilation-fgm/ Islam And Female Genital Mutilation, Pakistan, 2016]
''“''[Mohammed] ''had four daughters and we have no strong sources to prove if even one of them was circumcised”'' [http://courtingthelaw.com/2016/04/28/commentary/islam-and-female-genital-mutilation-fgm/ Islam And Female Genital Mutilation, Pakistan, 2016]


'''THE FGM HADITH ARE WEAK'''
'''THE FGM HADITH ARE WEAK'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#weak|the FGM Hadith are weak]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#weak|the FGM Hadith are weak]])


“''In a Hadith it is mentioned:”Circumcision is Sunnah for men and an honorable thing for women.” Due to the weakness of this hadith and other hadiths that refer to female circumcision with some of their narrators being known for deceptiveness and others whose narrations carry no weight scholars of Islamic Law have differed widely regarding its legal ruling.”'' [http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1884/does--female-circumcision-have-its-place-in-islaam.html does female circumcision have its place in Islaam, 2006]
“''In a Hadith it is mentioned:”Circumcision is Sunnah for men and an honorable thing for women.” Due to the weakness of this hadith and other hadiths that refer to female circumcision with some of their narrators being known for deceptiveness and others whose narrations carry no weight scholars of Islamic Law have differed widely regarding its legal ruling.”'' [http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1884/does--female-circumcision-have-its-place-in-islaam.html does female circumcision have its place in Islaam, 2006]
Line 233: Line 239:


'''MOHAMMED WANTED TO FORBID FGM BUT COULDN’T'''
'''MOHAMMED WANTED TO FORBID FGM BUT COULDN’T'''
see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#couldnot|Muhammad wanted to forbid FGM but couldn't]]
 
(see Arguments de-linking FGM from Islam: [[#couldnot|Muhammad wanted to forbid FGM but couldn't]])


''“Islam did not forbid'' [FGM] ''at that time because it was not possible to suddenly forbid a ritual with strong roots in Arabic culture; rather it preferred to gradually express its negative opinions. This is how Islam treated slavery as well, (gradual preparation of the society for the final forbiddance of slavery).”'' [https://stopfgmmiddleeast.wordpress.com/fatwas-against-fgm/ Sayyad Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah, Grand Sheikh of Lebanon]
''“Islam did not forbid'' [FGM] ''at that time because it was not possible to suddenly forbid a ritual with strong roots in Arabic culture; rather it preferred to gradually express its negative opinions. This is how Islam treated slavery as well, (gradual preparation of the society for the final forbiddance of slavery).”'' [https://stopfgmmiddleeast.wordpress.com/fatwas-against-fgm/ Sayyad Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah, Grand Sheikh of Lebanon]
Line 412: Line 419:
The Hanafi school is the school of Islam under which there is the least incidence of FGM. Pakistani Muslims are generally Hanafi, and have, till recently, been the largest muslim diaspora to the West. Pakistanis are also frequently English-speaking. Both of which facts increase the prevalence in the West of the narrative that ''‘FGM is nothing to do with Islam’''. With increasing immigration to the West from Shafi’i countries (Somalia in particular) this narrative is harder to maintain since (as we shall see below) FGM is obligatory under Shafi’i Islam.  
The Hanafi school is the school of Islam under which there is the least incidence of FGM. Pakistani Muslims are generally Hanafi, and have, till recently, been the largest muslim diaspora to the West. Pakistanis are also frequently English-speaking. Both of which facts increase the prevalence in the West of the narrative that ''‘FGM is nothing to do with Islam’''. With increasing immigration to the West from Shafi’i countries (Somalia in particular) this narrative is harder to maintain since (as we shall see below) FGM is obligatory under Shafi’i Islam.  


===='''FGM not required by Islam'''===={{anchor|equivocation}}
<nowiki>====</nowiki>'''FGM not required by Islam'''===={{anchor|equivocation}}
Since the 1990s Islamic scholars, clerics and other sources have issued fatwas and statements that appear to criticise, condemn and even forbid FGM. However, an alert reading of these reveals that they virtually all engage in some form of equivocation ('deliberate evasiveness in wording : the use of ambiguous or equivocal language') in order to appear to be more critical of FGM than they are.   
Since the 1990s Islamic scholars, clerics and other sources have issued fatwas and statements that appear to criticise, condemn and even forbid FGM. However, an alert reading of these reveals that they virtually all engage in some form of equivocation ('deliberate evasiveness in wording : the use of ambiguous or equivocal language') in order to appear to be more critical of FGM than they are.   


Retrieved from "http://wikiislam.net/wiki/User:Flynnjed/Sandbox"