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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims: Difference between revisions
Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Characteristics of Non-Muslims (view source)
Revision as of 23:17, 23 May 2025
, Yesterday at 23:17A few extra conciliatory verses needed adding (not that there are many), replaced a few bad translations
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The Qur'an, as elsewhere noted, has much to say about the | The Qur'an, as elsewhere noted, has much to say about the disbelievers. It also has a rich and almost entirely negative vocabulary to describe them. They are deaf, dumb, and blind, the "worst of creatures." They are proud and stubborn in their defiance of Allah and his apostle. Overall, the impression one gets of these people from the Qur'an is intensively negative and their terrible fate in the fire more well-deserved. Some of these negative verses in context refer to specific groups such as those who broke treaties or have oppressed the believers. Other verses are blanket statements about those who disbelieve, for example {{Quran|7|177}}, {{Quran|18|57}}, {{Quran|29|49}}, {{Quran|98|6}}. Muhammad's message had been mocked and rejected by the majority of the Meccans, where he and his followers were persecuted and driven out. | ||
Occasionally the Quran is more conciliatory, notably {{Quran|60|8}} which was traditionally revealed before the conquest of Mecca and according to tradition involved relatively little killing after their leader Abu Sufyan saved himself by seeking Muhammad's forgiveness and accepted Islam. Those verses indicate that some non-Muslims do not have the characteristic of oppressiveness and may be worthy of love, just dealing and friendship. Sometimes non-Muslims are described in only mildly negative ways, such as {{Quran|9|6}} which grants refuge to mushrikeen who seek it "for they are people who do not know". | Occasionally the Quran is more conciliatory, notably {{Quran|60|8}} which was traditionally revealed before the conquest of Mecca and according to tradition involved relatively little killing after their leader Abu Sufyan saved himself by seeking Muhammad's forgiveness and accepted Islam. Those verses indicate that some non-Muslims do not have the characteristic of oppressiveness and may be worthy of love, just dealing and friendship. Sometimes non-Muslims are described in only mildly negative ways, such as {{Quran|9|6}} which grants refuge to mushrikeen who seek it "for they are people who do not know". And a few verses grant that some among the Christians, Jews and Sabeans are righteous or trustworthy. | ||
==Qur'an== | ==Qur'an== | ||
=== | ===Love, just dealing and kindness towards those who were not oppressors=== | ||
{{Main|Relationships with non-Muslims in Islamic Law}} | {{Main|Relationships with non-Muslims in Islamic Law}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|60|7|9}}|It may be that Allah will ordain love between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers. Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|60|7|9}}|It may be that Allah will ordain love between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers. Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.}} | ||
===Some among the People of the Book are righteous and trustworthy=== | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|Indeed, those who believed and those who were Jews or Christians or Sabeans [before Prophet Muhammad] - those [among them] who believed in Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness - will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.}} | |||
The next verse probably refers to converts ("reciting the verses of Allah") | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|3|113|114}}|They are not [all] the same; among the People of the Scripture is a community standing [in obedience], reciting the verses of Allah during periods of the night and prostrating [in prayer]. | |||
They believe in Allah and the Last Day, and they enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and hasten to good deeds. And those are among the righteous.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|75}}|And among the People of the Scripture is he who, if you entrust him with a great amount [of wealth], he will return it to you. And among them is he who, if you entrust him with a [single] silver coin, he will not return it to you unless you are constantly standing over him [demanding it]. That is because they say, "There is no blame upon us concerning the unlearned." And they speak untruth about Allah while they know [it].}} | |||
ill speech, they turn away from it and say, "For us are our deeds, and for you are your deeds. Peace will be upon you; we seek not the ignorant."}} | |||
===Christians have most affection toward the believers, Jews and pagans have most animosity=== | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|82}}|You will surely find the most intense of the people in animosity toward the believers [to be] the Jews and those who associate others with Allah; and you will find the nearest of them in affection to the believers those who say, "We are Christians." That is because among them are priests and monks and because they are not arrogant.}} | |||
===Non-Muslims are Arrogant and Divided=== | ===Non-Muslims are Arrogant and Divided=== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|25|44}}|Or thinkest thou that most of them listen or understand? They are only like cattle; - nay, they are worse astray in Path.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|25|44}}|Or thinkest thou that most of them listen or understand? They are only like cattle; - nay, they are worse astray in Path.}} | ||
===Non-Muslims are | ===Non-Muslims are Deluded=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|30}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|9|30}}|The Jews say, "Ezra is the son of Allah "; and the Christians say, "The Messiah is the son of Allah." That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved [before them]. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|63|4}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|63|4}}|And when you see them, their forms please you, and if they speak, you listen to their speech. [They are] as if they were pieces of wood propped up - they think that every shout is against them. They are the enemy, so beware of them. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?}} | ||
===Non-Muslims are Unclean=== | ===Non-Muslims are Unclean=== | ||