Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction: Difference between revisions

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==Theory that verses about Adam were repurposed as embryology==
==Theory that verses about Adam were repurposed as embryology==
In 2023, Thomas Eich and Doru Constantin Doroftei's ''Adam und Embryo'' academic book was published in which they argue that the Quranic verses about reproduction and embryology have been misinterpreted and instead relate to the creation of Adam.<ref>Eich & Doroftei, 2023. [https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783987400650-19/teil-i-zur-entwicklung-der-adamsgeschichte-bis-zum-7-jahrhundert?page=1 ''Adam and Embryo. A contribution to the study of the story of Adam in Jewish, Christian and Islamic texts up to the end of the first millennium.'']<BR />The book is in German, though it is easy to download and use google document translation for each chapter</ref> In this theory, the Quranic nutfah is not semen, but rather water that was mixed with dust to create the first man; alaqah is not clotted blood, but rather a lump of clay; and mudghah is not a bite sized lump of meat but rather the creation when it has become flesh. The theory requires that some of the relevant verses were edited or interpolated to reframe them in a pre-natal context, most notably {{Quran|23|14}} (pp. 162-66, 206-214). They also argue that hadiths relating to such verses merely reflect this reinterpretation and contemporary ideas.
In 2023, Thomas Eich and Doru Constantin Doroftei's ''Adam und Embryo'' academic book was published (open access) in which they argue that the Quranic verses about reproduction and embryology have been misinterpreted and instead relate to the creation of Adam.<ref>Eich & Doroftei, 2023. [https://www.nomos-shop.de/de/p/adam-und-embryo-gr-978-3-98740-064-3 ''Adam and Embryo. A contribution to the study of the story of Adam in Jewish, Christian and Islamic texts up to the end of the first millennium.''], Ergon Verlag<BR />The book is in German, though can be downloaded as an open access (free) ebook format via the link and it is easy to then use google document translation for each chapter.</ref> In this theory, the Quranic nutfah is not semen, but rather water that was mixed with dust to create the first man; alaqah is not clotted blood, but rather a lump of clay; and mudghah is not a bite sized lump of meat but rather the creation when it has become flesh. The theory requires that some of the relevant verses were edited or interpolated to reframe them in a pre-natal context, most notably {{Quran|23|14}} (pp. 162-66, 206-214). They also argue that hadiths relating to such verses merely reflect this reinterpretation and contemporary ideas.


The authors identify occurances of the Syriac word nuṭptā (cognate to Arabic nutfah) in the works of early church fathers of the Syriac Church of the East, also known as the Assyrian Church. Ephraim the Syrian (d. 373) wrote:
The authors identify occurances of the Syriac word nuṭptā (cognate to Arabic nutfah) in the works of early church fathers of the Syriac Church of the East, also known as the Assyrian Church. Ephraim the Syrian (d. 373) wrote:
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