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===Kompas===
===Kompas===


{{Quote||'''Co je učeno:''' The compass was invented by the Chinese who may have been the first to use it for navigational purposes sometime between 1000 and 1100 A.D. The earliest reference to its use in navigation was by the Englishman, Alexander Neckam (1157-1217).<BR><BR>'''Co by se mělo učit:''' Muslim geographers and navigators learned of the magnetic needle, possibly from the Chinese, and were the first to use magnetic needles in navigation. They invented the compass and passed the knowledge of its use in navigation to the West. European navigators relied on Muslim pilots and their instruments when exploring unknown territories. Gustav Le Bon claims that the magnetic needle and compass were entirely invented by the Muslims and that the Chinese had little to do with it. Neckam, as well as the Chinese, probably learned of it from Muslim traders. It is noteworthy that the Chinese improved their navigational expertise after they began interacting with the Muslims during the 8th century.<ref name="Dr K. Ajram"></ref>}}
{{Quote||'''Co je učeno:''' Kompas vynalezli číňané, kteří mohli být prvními, kteří jej poprvé používali pro účely navigace, někdy mezi lety 1000 a 1100 A.D. První zmínka o jeho použití byla od anličana Alexander Neckam (1157-1217).<BR><BR>'''Co by se mělo učit:''' Muslimští geografové a mořeplavci se naučili o střelce, možná od číňanů, a byli prvními, kdo použil střelku pro navigaci. Vynalezli kompas a předali znalosti o jeho použití Západu. Evropští mořeplavci byli závislí na muslimských kormidelnících a jejich nářadí, když prozkoumávali neznámé oblasti. Gustav Le Bon tvrdí, že střelka a kompas byly zcela vynalezeny muslimy a že číňané s tím neměli skoro nic společného. Neckam, stejně tak jako číňané se o tom pravděpodobně naučili od muslimských obchodníků. Stojí také za zmínku, že číňané zlepšili jejich plavební zkušenosti poté, co začali jednat s muslimy v 8. století.<ref name="Dr K. Ajram"></ref>}}


Another appropriation of a Chinese invention.<ref>Mary Bellis - [{{Reference archive|1=http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/Compass.htm|2=2013-01-10}} The Compass and other Magnetic Innovations] - About.com (Inventors), accessed January 10, 2013</ref> The first known compass surfaced in China in the 1<sup>st</sup> century AD (at least 5 centuries before there were Muslims).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20101204153911/http://www.ocean.washington.edu/people/grads/mpruis/magnetics/history/hist.html|2=2013-01-10}} History of Magnetics] - University of Washington (School of Oceanography), archived December 4, 2010</ref> Some say that the compass was introduced by the Chinese to the Arabs (not the other way around) during the Northern Sung Dynasty (960 - 1127 AD).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20050311231150/http://www.wcsu.k12.vt.us/~newfane/4inventions/4_great_invention.htm|2=2013-01-10}} Four Great Inventions of Ancient China - the Compass] - Windham Central Supervisory Union, archived March 11, 2005</ref>
Další přivlastnění čínského vynálezu.<ref>Mary Bellis - [{{Reference archive|1=http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/Compass.htm|2=2013-01-10}} The Compass and other Magnetic Innovations] - About.com (Inventors), accessed January 10, 2013</ref> První nalezený kompas byl nalezen v Číně, z 1. století (minimálně pět století před příchodem muslimů).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20101204153911/http://www.ocean.washington.edu/people/grads/mpruis/magnetics/history/hist.html|2=2013-01-10}} History of Magnetics] - University of Washington (School of Oceanography), archived December 4, 2010</ref> Někteří říkají, že kompas představili číňané arabům (ne naopak) během dynastie Sung (960 - 1127 AD).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20050311231150/http://www.wcsu.k12.vt.us/~newfane/4inventions/4_great_invention.htm|2=2013-01-10}} Four Great Inventions of Ancient China - the Compass] - Windham Central Supervisory Union, archived March 11, 2005</ref>


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