WikiIslam:Sandbox/Lowest Point on Earth Miracle: Difference between revisions

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==introduction==
==Introduction==


Islamic apologists attempt to claim that the “lowest spot on earth” is  correctly identified by the Qur’an in one of many miraculous displays of scientific precocity in text .. However on closer examination, Muslim claims of miraculous scientific information in the Qur’an are shown to be, yet again ,  a mere deception ..
Islamic apologists attempt to claim that the “lowest spot on earth” is  correctly identified by the Qur’an in one of many miraculous displays of scientific precocity in text .. However on closer examination, Muslim claims of miraculous scientific information in the Qur’an are shown to be, yet again ,  a mere deception .


summary of the apologetic claim quoted .. [http://www.islam-watch.org/amarkhan/Miracles-of-Quran-Exposed.htm#22 here]
Summary of the apologetic claim quoted .. [http://www.islam-watch.org/amarkhan/Miracles-of-Quran-Exposed.htm#22 here]




is about the eve of sura al_room (the book of romans)  
is about the eve of sura al_room (i.e.the book of romans)  
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as the word near أَدْنَى can also be translated as lower and hence the above could be read: The Roman Empire was defeated in the lowest land. Then they claim that since the Dead Sea is it the lowest point on earth Muhammad said something that no one could have known.}}
as the word near أَدْنَى can also be translated as lower and hence the above could be read: The Roman Empire was defeated in the lowest land. Then they claim that since the Dead Sea is it the lowest point on earth Muhammad said something that no one could have known.}}
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The claim of apologists involves many arguments ..
here is the explanation of this ..
 
the argument of apologists is that way ..
they start with this lingual argument ..
they start with this lingual argument ..


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then in a geolgraphical argument to prove that place as truly the lowest spot on earth ,
then in a geolgraphical argument to prove that place as truly the lowest spot on earth ,
then they come with a historical claim that none could know that at the time of muhamed with natural methods
then they come with a historical claim that none could know that at the time of muhamed with natural methods
! then , it required a miracle for him to know that .. there must be a supernatural intervention ..
! then,it required a miracle for him to know that .. there must be a supernatural intervention ..


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==lingual claim==
==Lingual claim==


but , we shall stop here for a moment to examine this lingual argument ..
We shall stop here for a moment to examine this lingual argument ..
it is clearly an invalid argument .. its obvious invalidity in reasoning comes from the second premise .. which says that the word adna "can mean" lowest .. not "necessarily mean" , just "can mean" , yet we have another meaning which is "nearest" , so how we "know" for sure which translation was meant by the author ? .. we simply can't .. and the argument unfortunately dos not help us in doing so .. the argument dose not prove its conclusion at all ..
it is clearly an invalid argument .. its obvious invalidity in reasoning comes from the second premise, which says that the word adna "can mean" lowest .. not "necessarily mean" , just "can mean" , yet we have another meaning which is "nearest" , so how we "know" for sure which translation was meant by the author ? we simply can't, and the argument unfortunately dos not help us in doing so, the argument dose not prove its conclusion at all .




it is a fundamental of logic that the argument to be valid , it must necessarily prove its conclusion , yet a presence of a counterexample (a possible situation in which the premises are true and the conclusion isn't)  will always render the argument invalid .. an unproven assertion .. in our situation , the two premises still can be true while the conclusion is not true . simply if mohamed meant "nearest" , as all commentators and translator has understood all over the time , and among them there are prominent experts in the arabic language ..   
It is a fundamental of logic that the argument to be valid, it must necessarily prove its conclusion, yet a presence of a counterexample (a possible situation in which the premises are true and the conclusion isn't)  will always render the argument invalid, an unproven assertion, in our situation, the two premises still can be true while the conclusion is not true, simply if mohamed only meant "nearest" , as all commentators and translators has understood all over the time, and among them there was prominent experts in the arabic language .   


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so ,first of all .. muslims have to prove that the quran's writer  "necessarily"," meant "lowest" when he said "adna" , since its more obvious meaning is "nearest" , and that's because .. having another _and a more obvious , used by all translators_  meaning of the word is a counterexample that makes it impossible to prove that he _the writer_ "necessarily" meant "lowest" !! it is just a possibility , actually an improbable one !! .
So ,first of all, muslims have to prove that the quran's writer  "necessarily" meant "lowest" when he said "adna", since its more obvious meaning is "nearest", and that's because, having another _and a more obvious , used by all translators_  meaning of the word is a counterexample which makes it impossible to prove that he _the writer_ "necessarily" meant "lowest" !! it is just a possibility , actually an improbable one !! .


its improbable because the writer could say it plainly , in non-equivocal statement , obvious for any body to notice , instead of no body in the whole 14 centuries !!!
Its improbable because the writer could say it plainly, in non-equivocal statement, obvious for any one to notice, instead of no one in the whole 14 centuries .
in this case we can say  that it is a re-interpretation after the discovery , dependent on equivocation . how easy _ in a rich-semantic language like arabic language _ to do that with any text ..


muslims have no choice to accept this . since we can _very easily in the same way_ find variable different meanings of the quranic words that renders the quranic statements erroneous , would they then accept that the quran is false ? or would they immediately appeal to counterexamples (other equally valid meanings) , and , even to metaphors ?!!
In this case we can say  that it is a re-interpretation after the discovery, dependent upon equivocation, how easy _ in a rich-semantic language like arabic language _ to do that with any text .


actually , in many other cases , the obvious meaning of the quranic words render the verses false , and the muslim apologists ,then, appeal to improbable counterexamples to save the situations , if not found , metaphors is always present to save situations . so , if counterexamples can refute the claims of scientific errors , it can also refute the claims of scientific miracles ,or it would not refute both , you have the choice , but there must be a generalized rule by which we judge on all quranic verses , not to apply it when you like .and ignore it when you don't .
Muslims have no choice to accept this, since we can _very easily in the same way_ find variable different meanings of the quranic words that renders the quranic statements erroneous, would they then accept that the quran is false ? or would they immediately appeal to counterexamples (other equally valid meanings) , and , even to metaphors ?!!
 
Actually, in many other cases, the obvious meaning of the quranic words render the verses false, and muslim apologists,then, appeal to improbable counterexamples to save situations, if not found, metaphors are always present to save situations .
 
So, if counterexamples can refute the claims of scientific errors, it can also refute the claims of scientific miracles,or it would not refute both, you have the choice, but there must be one rule by which we judge on all quranic verses, not to apply it when you like .and ignore it when you like .


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some muslim say "we do accept all the "true" meanings of the quranic words .. apply this rule to the whole quran .."
Some muslim say "we do accept all the "true" meanings of the quranic words, apply this rule to the whole quran .."
yet it is a fallacious rule , it begs the question , it presupposes that the quran is true , so the true meanings is the only to be accepted . it commits a circular reasoning , by using the veracity of the quran to prove the veracity of the quran ..
yet it is a fallacious rule, it begs the question, it presupposes that the quran is true, hence the true meanings is the only to be accepted, it uses circular reasoning, by using the veracity of the quran to prove the veracity of the quran .


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but shall we be pure agnostics regarding what is the real meaning of the word ?
But shall we be pure agnostics regarding what is the real meaning of the word ?
no , [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor Occam's razor] which is a principle of parsimony, economy, or succinctness used in problem-solving. states that among competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
No, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor Occam's razor] which is a principle of parsimony, economy, or succinctness used in problem-solving, states that among competing hypotheses, the hypothesis with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
it tells us that our suppositions should not go beyond the need ,we should seek simplicity ,so if we have two explainations for something ,equal in the explanatory power, the explanation that postulates less assumption is the one we should accept .
it tells us that our suppositions should not go beyond the need,we should seek simplicity,so if we have two explainations for something ,equal in the explanatory power, the explanation that postulates less unproven assumption is the one we should accept .


generally in the discussion about the topic of miracles in the quran ,the two explanations differ in the number of suppositions they postulate , apologetic one implies a miraculous case in which there is a supernatural intervention , consequently implies a whole supernatural world ,there is a population in heavens then ,god,angels,gardens,hell also ,resurrection,judgement,satan,winged donkeys are true things, also all the quranic miracles of the prophets occurred ,mouses split the sea , jesus created real birds by the mud , a she-camel was born from a rock .. etc .. endless list of supernatural stuff .. truly this is the most extraordinary claim in the world , so it requires the most extraordinary evidence in the world , but what we have ?  , an invalid argument ! to accept all this exceptional metaphysics, what they provide as exceptional evidence ? an unproven assertion ! how great !! truly it's an exceptional evidence , why we do object ?!
Generally in the discussion about miracles in the quran, the two explanations differ in the number of suppositions they postulate, apologetic one implies a miraculous case in which there is a supernatural intervention, consequently implies a whole supernatural world ,there is a population in heavens then ,god,angels,gardens,hell also ,resurrection,judgement,satan,winged donkeys are true things, also all the quranic miracles of the prophets occurred, mouses split the sea, jesus created real birds by the mud, a she-camel was born from a rock .. etc .. endless list of supernatural stuff, truly this is the most extraordinary claim in the world, so it requires the most extraordinary evidence in the world, but what we have ?  , an invalid argument ! to accept all this exceptional metaphysics, what they provide as exceptional evidence ? an unproven assertion ! how great !! truly it's an exceptional evidence , why we do object ?!


this clear logical stupidity follows directly from ignoring occam's razor , that the other explanation postulates nothing special , he was just a man of his time , saying what everybody else could say . what could be more simpler , with equal explanatory power since the two meanings of the word _in most of cases_ are equally valid .(for this case im going to show that even if he meant "lowest land" it is not a miracle) .
This clear logical stupidity follows directly from ignoring occam's razor, that the other explanation postulates nothing special, he was just a man of his time, saying what everybody else could say, what could be more simpler , with equal explanatory power since the two meanings of the word _in most of cases_ are equally valid .(for this case im going to show that even if he meant "lowest land" it is not a miracle) .


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again muslims have no choice to accept this . since if we accepted invalid arguments as evidence for claims . how the world would become then ? if unproven assertions is ok , what is left for proven ones ? if we ignored occam's razor , then accepted the supernatural in explaining things that nature can fully explain , what is left for nature to do then ? and , in this way how miracles now we can find in all texts ? how many verses that can be reinterpreted after discoveries to fit them ? endless ones as [[http://wikiislam.net/wiki/NATVRAE_MIRABILIS_ORIGINISQVE_DIVINAE_GEORGICAE_VERGILII|miracles miracles every where]] for just one example , and how many errors in the quran now we shall find ? infinity !
Again muslims have no choice to accept this, since if we accepted invalid arguments as evidence for claims . how the world would become then ? if unproven assertions is ok , where is the advantage of proven ones ? if we ignored occam's razor, consequently accepted the supernatural in explaining things that nature can fully explain , what is left for nature to do then ? and, in this way how miracles now we can find in all texts ? how many verses that can be reinterpreted after discoveries to fit them ? endless ones as [[http://wikiislam.net/wiki/NATVRAE_MIRABILIS_ORIGINISQVE_DIVINAE_GEORGICAE_VERGILII|miracles miracles every where]] for just one example , and how many errors in the quran now we shall find ? infinity !


it is the same logic when i say , if a quranic word "can mean" any nonsense , we can say that the quran is nonsensical , why not ? i repeat , IT IS THE SAME LOGIC . since u accept unproven assertions !!
It is the same logic when i say, if a quranic word "can mean" any nonsense, we can say that the quran is nonsensical, why not ? i repeat, IT IS THE SAME LOGIC, since u accept unproven assertions .


verily the claim can not be evidence for the veracity of the quran , since it needs evidence for itself in the first place .   
verily the claim can not be evidence for the veracity of the quran, since it needs evidence for itself in the first place .   


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however there is no room for all of this since the lingual argument is unsound ..  
However there is no room for all of this since the lingual argument is unsound ..  
the second premise is false ..
the second premise is false ..


the word "adna" in the arabic language has nothing to do with meaning "low in elevation" it can mean "nearest" , "vile" , "less" and "cheap" .. it can mean low distance in between , low value of a thing , or low price , low position of a man ,or low morality , but it HAS NO THING TO DO WITH "low elevation of places" meaning , it is similar meaning as obvious , but SEMANTICS IS NOT PROVED BY SUCH SIMILARITY , to prove that you must mention a NATIVE LITERATURE using the word in the meaning of "low elevation of land" .
the word "adna" in the arabic language has nothing to do with meaning "low in elevation" it can mean "nearest" , "vile" , "less" and "cheap", it can mean low distance in between, low value of a thing, or low price, low position of a man,or low morality, but it HAS NO THING TO DO WITH "low elevation of places" meaning, it is similar meaning as obvious, but SEMANTICS IS NOT PROVED BY SUCH SIMILARITY, to prove that you must mention a NATIVE LITERATURE using the word in the meaning of "low elevation of land" .
 
The meaning "lowest" may be felt in the modern use of the word only, NO OLD DICTIONARY at all states the claimed "low elevation of a land" , NO ANY OLD USE in that meaning to.
 
Here is the links of the major old dictionaries in one link [http://baheth.info/ baheth.info/], these dictionaries are :-


the meaning "lowest" may be felt in the modern use of the word only .. NO OLD DICTIONARY at all states the claimed "low elevation of a land" , NO ANY OLD USE in that meaning to ..
1- lisan al-arab      (i.e the tongue of arabs)


here is the links of the major old dictionary .. in one link ..
2- maquaiees alloghah (i.e.the standards of language)
[http://baheth.info/ baheth.info/]


there is no single mention to the meaning "low in elevation " at all ..
3-alquamoos almoheet  (i.e.the comprehensive dictionary)
and the most special dictionary among them is (the standards of language) dictionary .. which states that ..
 
4-alsahah fe al-loghah (i.e.the true in language)
 
5-al'obab al-zakher    (i.e. the teeming ocean)
 
There is no single mention to the meaning "low in elevation " at all ..
and the most special dictionary among them is (naquaiees al-loghah i.e.the standards of language) dictionary, which states that :
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دنـي (مقاييس اللغة)
دنـي (مقاييس اللغة)
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here is the translation  of this one ..
Here is the translation  of this one ..


"dana or danawa are one root means "near" and this is the standard to consider in understanding the meanings of its derivatives ..
"dana or danawa are the same root means "near" and this is the standard meaning to consider in understanding the meanings of its derivatives ..


then he states that ..
then he states that ..
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(donia) means (this life) or (this world) .. because it is nearer to us than the afterlife ..  
(donia) means (this life) or (this world) .. because it is nearer to us than the afterlife ..  


(dani man) is the weak man , or the vile man .. or the mean man .. because his position is near to get i.e not a position which is beyond reach ..  
(dani) is the weak man, or the vile man, or the mean man, because his position is near to reach i.e not a position which is beyond reach .


(adna' man) is the (gibbose ).. because his head is near to his waste ..
(adna') is the (gibbose ), because his head is near to his waste .


(dania) means the (demerit) or (vice) ..
(dania) means the (demerit) or (vice) .


in the other dictionaries we find ..
in the other dictionaries we find :


(adna) the first one .. because it is nearer to you than the last one ..
(adna) the first one, because it is nearer to you than the last one .


(adna) (cheap ).. because it is in hand , not beyond reach ..
(adna) (cheap ). because its price is in hand, not beyond reach.


(adna) (less) ... etc
(adna) (less) ... etc


there is no single mention in an "OLD" dictionary to the meaning "low elevation land" at all ..
There is no single mention in an "OLD" dictionary to the meaning "low elevation land" at all ..
asserting that it do mean "lowest" is a fallacy of equivocation , it abuses the word since that is not a genuine use of the word in the time of mohammed ..
asserting that it do mean "lowest" is a fallacy of equivocation, it abuses the word since that is not a genuine use of the word in the time of mohammed.




for full english explanation of the word you can read ..  
For full english explanation of the word you can read ..  


[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000086.pdf studyquran.org/adna-meaning1.pdf]
[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000086.pdf studyquran.org/adna-meaning1.pdf]
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this lingual argument is unsound invalid argument ! how bad ! could it be worse ?
This lingual argument is unsound invalid argument ! how bad ! could it be worse ?


no god _whatever low IQ he has_ would do such a bad logic "miracle" ..
No god _whatever low IQ he has_ would do such a bad logic "miracle" .


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[[File:Dead-sea 2.jpg|thumbnail]]
[[File:Dead-sea 2.jpg|thumbnail]]


==historical claim==
==Historical claim==


the second point here is the historical claim ..
The second point here is the historical claim ..


the quran did NOT talk about the basin of the dead sea , actually it talked about the place of the roman_sassanian battle .. where was this ? none on the basin of the dead sea , [http://www.ranker.com/list/a-list-of-all-roman%E2%80%93persian-wars-battles/reference list-of-all-roman-persian-wars-battles], the nearest to it were a battle in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deraa  Adhri'at] other one was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem#Geography Jerusalem] , both cities are above sea level .. Dead Sea is roughly 1000 (or approximately 1,373) feet below sea level . Jerusalem, however, is roughly 2500 feet ABOVE sea level .so who ever adopt "lowest land" meaning .. he has basically proven that Muhammad was a false prophet since he mistakenly assumed that Jerusalem was the lowest part of the earth! yet , we have more to say about this here ..
the quran did NOT talk about the basin of the dead sea, actually it talked about the place of the roman_sassanian battle, where was this ? none on the basin of the dead sea, [http://www.ranker.com/list/a-list-of-all-roman%E2%80%93persian-wars-battles/reference list-of-all-roman-persian-wars-battles], the nearest to it were a battle in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deraa  Adhri'at] other one was in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem#Geography Jerusalem], both cities are above sea level, Dead Sea is roughly 1000 (or approximately 1,373) feet below sea level, Jerusalem, however, is roughly 2500 feet ABOVE sea level, so who ever adopt "lowest land" meaning, he has basically proven that Muhammad was a false prophet since he mistakenly assumed that Jerusalem was the lowest part of the earth! yet, we have more to say about this here.


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==geographical facts==
==Geographical facts==


the third point here is about whether the basins of the dead sea is really the lowest spot on earth ?
The third point here is about whether the basins of the dead sea is really the lowest spot on earth ?


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Earth#Lowest_point_.28natural.29 wikipedia]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Earth#Lowest_point_.28natural.29 wikipedia]
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so it is the lowest point on the "DRY" land .. lower points exist put covered with ice ..
So it is the lowest point on the "DRY" land, lower points exist put covered with ice .


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==knowlege in mohammad's time==
==Knowlege in mohammad's time==


the fourth (and the most important) point is ..
Khe fourth (and the most important) point is :


what knowledge did the people in the time of mohammed have about that place ?
What knowledge did the people in the time of mohammed have about that place ?


as mentioned above the dead sea basin is the lowest point of dry land , 3 times lower than the next low point ..
As mentioned above the dead sea basin is the lowest point of dry land , 3 times lower than the next low point ..
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Dead Sea (Jordan/Israel) -1360 feet (-414 m)
Dead Sea (Jordan/Israel) -1360 feet (-414 m)
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, approximately 35 kilometers (22 mi) away from it , is Jerusalem  (2,490 ft) above sea level ,.
, approximately 35 kilometers (22 mi) away from it , is Jerusalem  (2,490 ft) above sea level.
 


that shows how steep is the slope of this area , make it easy to observe its depression ..
if this area is the lowest point on earth , so necessarily it is the lowest point in its surroundings , hence it is reasonable that people of this area called it the lowest land !


that is exactly what happened ! since the region of ( modern-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, the western part of Jordan and southwestern Syria ) , exactly the surroundings of the dead sea , was a Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan Canaan]
That shows how steep is the slope of this area , make it easy to observe its depression.
if this area is the lowest point on earth, so necessarily it is the lowest point in its surroundings, hence it is reasonable that people of this area called it the lowest land !


That is exactly what happened, since the region of ( modern-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestinian territories, the western part of Jordan and southwestern Syria ) , exactly the surroundings of the dead sea, was a Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan Canaan]


and the word canaan ..
    and the word canaan :


{{Quote|| has an original meaning of "lowlands", from a Semitic root knʿ "to be low, humble, depressed"  }}
{{Quote|| has an original meaning of "lowlands", from a Semitic root knʿ "to be low, humble, depressed"  }}


So what we have here , if we accepted the "lowest land" meaning of the quranic verse . it is nothing but a translation of the name of the region in the language of its local people . without any need for a supernatural intervention . what is supernatural in translation !
So what we have here, if we accepted the "lowest land" meaning of the quranic verse, it is nothing but a translation of the name of the region from the language of its local people into arabic, without any need for a supernatural intervention, what is supernatural in translation !


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this is always happening .. in hawaii island , the largest volcano on "dry land" exist , no surprise it is called in the local language  
This is always happening, in hawaii island, the largest volcano on "dry land" exist, no surprise it is called in the local language  
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_loa Mauna loa] i.e the long mountain !! a miracle ?! .. no .
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_loa Mauna loa] i.e the long mountain, a miracle ?! .. no .


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==conclusion==
==Conclusion==


1- the word "adna" dose NOT mean "low elevation land" at all , in any OLD dictionary . it only means "nearest" , "vile" , "less" and "cheap" .
1- The word "adna" dose NOT mean "low elevation land" at all, in any OLD dictionary, it only means "nearest" , "vile" , "less" and "cheap" ,asserting that it do mean "lowest" is a fallacy of equivocation, it abuses the word since that is not a genuine use of the word in the time of mohammed.


2-even if it can mean so , it cant be proven that mohammed meant "low elevation" since other meanings is counterexamples that render the argument invalid. the meaning "lowest" then , as a possibility is dismissed by occam's razor , it postulates to much assumptions without need for them .
2-Even if it can mean so, it cant be proven that mohammed meant "low elevation" since other meanings is counterexamples that render the argument invalid, the meaning "lowest" then, as a possibility is dismissed by occam's razor, it postulates to much assumptions without need for them.


3 - the place of the roman_sassanian battle is NOT dead sea basins it it Jerusalem  (2,490 ft) above sea level .so who ever adopt "lowest land" meaning .. he has basically proven that Muhammad was a false prophet since he mistakenly assumed that Jerusalem was the lowest part of the earth!
3 - The place of the roman_sassanian battle is NOT dead sea basins, it is Jerusalem  (2,490 ft) above sea level . So who ever adopt "lowest land" meaning, he has basically proven that Muhammad was a false prophet since he mistakenly assumed that Jerusalem was the lowest part of the earth!


4- the arena of the battles is a region called in its people's local language "canaan" literally means "lowlands" so if we accept the meaning "lowest" , it is no thing more than a translation of the name of the region into the arabic language .. this explanation is far better since it is very natural and has a higher explanatory power and precision . it is not an error like number three point ,but it has only a problem with number one and number two points (in conclusion )..
4- The arena of the battles is a region called in its people's local language "canaan" literally means "lowlands" so if we accept the meaning "lowest", it is no thing more than a translation of the name of the region into the arabic language, this explanation is far better since it is very natural and has a higher explanatory power and precision, it is not an error like number three point, but it has only a problem with number one and number two points (in conclusion ).




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