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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah: Difference between revisions
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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah (view source)
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===Al Tabari=== | ===Al Tabari=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Tabari| | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=87}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.3 |page=129}} | ||
|He who holds fast to his religion, Judaism or Christianity, is not to be tempted from it. It is incumbent on them to pay the jizyah protection tax. For every adult, male or female, free or slave, one full denarius, or its value in al-ma'afir [fine cloth]. He who pays that to the Messenger has the protection of Allah and His Messenger, and he who holds back from it is the enemy of Allah and His Messenger.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Tabari| | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. XI|ISBN=0-7914-0851-5|year=1993|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Khalid Yahya Blankinship|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_20_Vol|page=4}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.3 |page=344}} | ||
|"I call you to God and to Islam. If you respond to the call, then you are Muslims: You obtain the benefits they enjoy and take up the responsibilities they bear. If you refuse, then you must pay the jizyah. If you refuse the jizyah, I will bring against you tribes of people who are more eager for death than you are for life. We will then fight you until God decides between us and you."}} | |||
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. XII|ISBN=0-7914-0733-0|year=1992|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Yohanan Friedmann|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_20_Vol/page/n300/mode/2up|page=167}} | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. XII|ISBN=0-7914-0733-0|year=1992|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Yohanan Friedmann|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_20_Vol/page/n300/mode/2up|page=167}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=393}} | ||
|Summon the people to God; those who respond to your call, accept it from them, but those who refuse must pay the poll tax out of humiliation and lowliness. If they refuse this, it is the sword without leniency. Fear God with regard to what you have been entrusted.}} | |Summon the people to God; those who respond to your call, accept it from them, but those who refuse must pay the poll tax out of humiliation and lowliness. If they refuse this, it is the sword without leniency. Fear God with regard to what you have been entrusted.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=76}} | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=76}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.3 |page=121}} | ||
|The Messenger has sent Zur'ah and his Companions to you. ‘I commend them to your care. Collect the zakat and jizyah from your districts and hand the money over to my messengers.' The Prophet is the master of your rich and your poor.}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=39}} | |The Messenger has sent Zur'ah and his Companions to you. ‘I commend them to your care. Collect the zakat and jizyah from your districts and hand the money over to my messengers.' The Prophet is the master of your rich and your poor.}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=39}} | ||
{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=95}} | |||
|They allowed 'Amr b. al-'As to collect the alms (without interference), and so he collected it [only] from the rich and returned [what he took] to the poor. He collected the poll tax (jizyah) from the Zoroastrians (al-Majus) who were indigenous to that region, while the Arabs lived in thesurrounding countryside. | |They allowed 'Amr b. al-'As to collect the alms (without interference), and so he collected it [only] from the rich and returned [what he took] to the poor. He collected the poll tax (jizyah) from the Zoroastrians (al-Majus) who were indigenous to that region, while the Arabs lived in thesurrounding countryside. | ||
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One who respects the kafirs dishonours the Muslims… The real purpose of levying jiziya on them is to humiliate them to such an extent that they may not be able to dress well and to live in grandeur. They should constantly remain terrified and trembling. It is intended to hold them under contempt and to uphold the honour and might of Islam.}} | One who respects the kafirs dishonours the Muslims… The real purpose of levying jiziya on them is to humiliate them to such an extent that they may not be able to dress well and to live in grandeur. They should constantly remain terrified and trembling. It is intended to hold them under contempt and to uphold the honour and might of Islam.}} | ||
{{Quote|[https://tafsir.app/qurtubi/9/29 Tasfir of al-Qurtabi on the Jizya verse]| | |||
الرابعة: لم يذكر الله سبحانه وتعالى في كتابه مقدارا للجزية المأخوذة منهم. وقد اختلف العلماء في مقدار الجزية المأخوذة منهم، فقال عطاء بن أبي رباح: لا توقيت فيها، وإنما هو على ما صولحوا عليه. وكذلك قال يحيى بن آدم وأبو عبيد والطبري، إلا أن الطبري قال: أقله دينار وأكثره لا حد له. واحتجوا بما رواه أهل الصحيح عن عمرو بن عوف: أن رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صالح أهل البحرين على الجزية. | |||
وقال الشافعي: دينار على الغني والفقير من الأحرار البالغين لا ينقص منه شيء واحتج بما رواه أبو داود وغيره عن معاذ: أن رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بعثه إلى اليمن وأمره أن يأخذ من كل حالم دينارا في الجزية. قال الشافعي: وهو المبين عن الله تعالى مراده. وهو قول أبي ثور. قال الشافعي: وإن صولحوا على أكثر من دينار جاز، وإن زادوا وطابت بذلك أنفسهم قبل منهم. وإن صولحوا على ضيافة ثلاثة أيام جاز، إذا كانت الضيافة معلومة في الخبز والشعير والتبن والإدام، وذكر ما على الوسط من ذلك وما على الموسر وذكر موضع النزول والكن من البرد والحر. | |||
And the fourth: Allah, praised and high, did not mention in his book the amount of the Jizya to be taken from them (the dhimmis). The scholars have differed on the amount of the jizya to be taken from them. A'ta' bin Abi Ribah said: 'There is no set amount, it is rather dependent on what they (the dhimmis and the amir) came to an agreement on.' And likewise so said Yahya bin Adam and Abu 'Ubayd and Al-Tabari, with Tabari saying: 'its minimum is 1 dinar, and there's no limit to its maximum.' And they brought as evidence what the people of sahih (the scholars of hadith) recounted from 'Amru bin 'Auf: that the messenger of Allah, peace and prayer of Allah be upon him, came to an agreement with the people of Bahrain on the jizya. And Shafi'i said: 'a dinar from the rich and the poor from their free adults, and nothing must be subtracted from this (amount)', and he brought for evidence of this what Abu Dawud and others related from Mu'adh: The the messenger of Allah, peace and prayer of Allah be upon him, sent him (Mu'adh) to Yemen and commanded him to take from every Halim 1 dinar of Jizya. And Shafi'i said: Allah's will is apparent. And this is the saying of Abi Thaur. Shafi'i said: if they agreed upon more than one dinar, it is permissible, and if the increased the amount of it and they were satisfied with it (then it is also permissible). And if they agreed upon hosting (of Muslims by dhimmis) for three days it is permissible, and the hosting is known to consist is known in terms of bread, barley, hay, and food. He mentioned what is due from the middle class and what is due from the wealthy. He also mentioned the place of lodging and shelter from the cold and heat.}} | |||
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{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Riszakat.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani]<BR>A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh (Including commentary from ath-Thamr ad-Dani by al-Azhari)(310/922 - 386/996)|'''25.13a. Who pays jizya''' | {{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Riszakat.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani]<BR>A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh (Including commentary from ath-Thamr ad-Dani by al-Azhari)(310/922 - 386/996)|'''25.13a. Who pays jizya''' | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Human rights]] | [[Category:Human rights]] | ||
[[Category:Islamic finance]] | [[Category:Islamic finance]] | ||
[[ar:القرآن_والحديث_والعلماء:_الجزية]] | |||