Prophecies in the Hadith: Difference between revisions

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The minor signs indicate that the Hour is "getting closer", while the major signs indicate that the Hour will happen immediately after them. The first major sign is coming of the Dajjal and Muhammad thought that it might happen during his life.<ref>"Al-nawwas b. Sim’an al-Kilabi said:
The minor signs indicate that the Hour is "getting closer", while the major signs indicate that the Hour will happen immediately after them. The first major sign is coming of the Dajjal and Muhammad thought that it might happen during his life or during life of his companions:
'''The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned the Dajjal (Antichrist) saying: If he comes forth while I am among you''' I shall be the one who will dispute with him on your behalf, but if he comes forth when I am not among you, a man must dispute on his own behalf, and Allah will take my place in looking after every Muslim. Those of you who live up to his time should recite over him the opening verses of Surat al – Kahf, for they are your protection from his trial. We asked: How long will he remain on the earth ? He replied : Forty days, one like a year, one like a month, one like a week, and rest of his days like yours. We asked : Messenger of Allah, will one day’s prayer suffice us in this day which will be like a year ? He replied : No, you must make an estimate of its extent. Then Jesus son of Marry will descend at the white minaret to the east of Damascus. He will then catch him up at the date of Ludd and kill him." - {{Abudawud|38|4307}}</ref>
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4307}}|"Al-nawwas b. Sim’an al-Kilabi said:
'''The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned the Dajjal (Antichrist) saying: If he comes forth while I am among you''' I shall be the one who will dispute with him on your behalf, but if he comes forth when I am not among you, a man must dispute on his own behalf, and Allah will take my place in looking after every Muslim. Those of you who live up to his time should recite over him the opening verses of Surat al – Kahf, for they are your protection from his trial. We asked: How long will he remain on the earth ? He replied : Forty days, one like a year, one like a month, one like a week, and rest of his days like yours. We asked : Messenger of Allah, will one day’s prayer suffice us in this day which will be like a year ? He replied : No, you must make an estimate of its extent. Then Jesus son of Marry will descend at the white minaret to the east of Damascus. He will then catch him up at the date of Ludd and kill him."}}
{{Quote|Tirmidhi 2234 (hasan)|"Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah said:
"I heard the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w): 'There was never a Prophet after Nuh but that he warned his people about '''the Dajjal''', and indeed I shall warn you of him.' Then the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) described him for us, and he said: "Perhaps some of '''you who see me, or hear my words shall live to see him'''." They said: "O Messenger of Allah! How will our hearts be on that day?" He said: "The same – that is, as today – or better.”"}}
 
Some reject the hadiths of the signs of the Hour <ref>http://bayanelislam.net/Suspicion.aspx?id=03-02-0071</ref>, because a Quranic verse indicates that the Hour will come by surprise (not after seeing clear signs) and that only Allah has knowledge about the Hour (not Muhammad):
{{Quote|{{Quran|7|187}}|
They ask you ˹O Prophet˺ regarding the Hour, “When will it be?” Say, “That knowledge is only with my Lord. He alone will reveal it when the time comes. It is too tremendous for the heavens and the earth and will only take you by surprise.” They ask you as if you had full knowledge of it. Say, “That knowledge is only with Allah, but most people do not know.”
}}


*7th century Arabs didn't have the concept of "an hour" meaning 60 minutes. An hour (ساعة) just meant a period of time [shorter than a day]. <ref>AR: https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/140286/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9</ref>
*7th century Arabs didn't have the concept of "an hour" meaning 60 minutes. An hour (ساعة) just meant a period of time [shorter than a day]. <ref>AR: https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/140286/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9</ref>
*Most prophecies are linked to the Hour
*Most prophecies are linked to the Hour
*The Hour is expected to happen on Friday <ref>{{Muslim|4 |1857|}}</ref>


==Characteristics==
==Characteristics==
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The context is that it will be a sign that the Hour is coming. But Muhammad died more than a thousand years ago and the Hour didn't come.
The context is that it will be a sign that the Hour is coming. But Muhammad died more than a thousand years ago and the Hour didn't come.
===Muhammad's wife with the longest arm will die first===
{{Quote|Sahih Bukhari: Vol. 2, Book of Tax (Zakat), Hadith 501|
Narrated 'Aisha:
Some of the wives of the Prophet asked him, "Who amongst us will be the first to follow you (i.e. die after you)?" He said, "Whoever has the longest hand." So they started measuring their hands with a stick and Sauda's hand turned out to be the longest. (When Zainab bint Jahsh died first of all in the caliphate of 'Umar), we came to know that the long hand was a symbol of practicing charity, so she was the first to follow the Prophet and she used to love to practice charity. (Sauda died later in the caliphate of Muawiya).
}}
It's questionable whether the prophecy was metaphorical and fulfilled or whether it was literal and hence re-interpreted. Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.
===Muhammad's daughter Fatima will die first from his family===
During Muhammad's illness, Fatima was walking like Muhammad, so she also had signs of illness:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|6005}}|
`A'isha reported that all the wives of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) had gathered (in her apartment) '''during the days of his (Prophet's) last illness ''' and no woman was left behind that '''Fatima, who walked after the style of Allah's Messenger''' (ﷺ), came there. He welcomed her by saying:
You are welcome, my daughter, and made her sit on his right side or on his left side, and then talked something secretly to her and Fatima wept. Then he talked something secretly to her and she laughed. I said to her: What makes you weep? She said: I am not going to divulge the secret of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). I (`A'isha) said: I have not seen (anything happening) like today, the happiness being more close to grief (as I see today) when she wept. I said to her: Has Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) singled you out for saying something leaving us aside? She then wept and I asked her what he said, and she said: I am not going to divulge the secrets of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). And when he died I again asked her and she said that he (the Holy Prophet) told her: Gabriel used to recite the Qur'an to me once a year and for this year it was twice and so I perceived that my death had drawn near, and that '''I (Fatima) would be the first amongst the members of his family who would meet him (in the Hereafter)'''. He shall be my good forerunner and it made me weep. He again talked to me secretly (saying): Aren't you pleased that you should be the sovereign amongst the believing women or the head of women of this Ummah? And this made me laugh.
}}


===A plague kills many Muslims===
===A plague kills many Muslims===
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Al-Nawawi lived in the 13th century.
Al-Nawawi lived in the 13th century.


Islamic sources say that there were women naked circumambulating around the Kaba in Muhammad's time:
Islamic sources say that there were naked women circumambulating around the Kaba in Muhammad's time:
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai||3|24|2959}}|
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai||3|24|2959}}|
It was narrated from Saeed bin Jubair that Ibn Abbas said:
It was narrated from Saeed bin Jubair that Ibn Abbas said:
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It was mentioned among negative things, that indicates that a woman being dominant in marriage is an evil thing. But it appears that the patriarchy was not universal even in Muhammad's time:
It was mentioned among negative things, that indicates that a woman being dominant in marriage is an evil thing. But it appears that the patriarchy was not universal even in Muhammad's time:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|43|648}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: ...We, the people of Quraish, used to have authority over women, but when we came to live with the Ansar, we noticed that '''the Ansari women had the upper hand over their men''', so our women started acquiring the habits of the Ansari women. Once I shouted at my wife and she paid me back in my coin and I disliked that she should answer me back....}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|43|648}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: ...We, the people of Quraish, used to have authority over women, but when we came to live with the Ansar, we noticed that '''the Ansari women had the upper hand over their men''', so our women started acquiring the habits of the Ansari women. Once I shouted at my wife and she paid me back in my coin and I disliked that she should answer me back....}}
===Muhammad's wife with the longest arm will die first===
{{Quote|Sahih Bukhari: Vol. 2, Book of Tax (Zakat), Hadith 501|
Narrated 'Aisha:


Some of the wives of the Prophet asked him, "Who amongst us will be the first to follow you (i.e. die after you)?" He said, "Whoever has the longest hand." So they started measuring their hands with a stick and Sauda's hand turned out to be the longest. (When Zainab bint Jahsh died first of all in the caliphate of 'Umar), we came to know that the long hand was a symbol of practicing charity, so she was the first to follow the Prophet and she used to love to practice charity. (Sauda died later in the caliphate of Muawiya).
===Fire in Hijaz illuminates necks of camels in Busra===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|234}}|
Narrated Abu Huraira:
 
Allah's Messenger () said, "The Hour will not be established till a fire will come out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of the camels at Busra."
}}
}}
There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Rahat Harrat Rahat]) which is considered by Muslims as fulfillment. That's the last eruption, but the eruption before that was in 640 - 641 A.D. during the reign of Umar.<ref>
Volcanic history of the northernmost part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1253/529993/Volcanic-history-of-the-northernmost-part-of-the</ref>
So there was a precedent. The unspecified date of occurrence makes this prediction one that might be referenced perennially


It's questionable whether the prophecy was metaphorical and fulfilled or whether it was literal and hence re-interpreted. Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.
===Making halal what was haram===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|69|494}}|
Narrated Abu 'Amir or Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari:
 
that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "From among my followers there will be some '''people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks and the use of musical instruments, as lawful.''' And there will be some people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in the evening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and ask them for something, but they will say to him, 'Return to us tomorrow.' Allah will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fall on them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys and pigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection."
}}


===Mosques full of hypocrites===
According to Islam, Jews and Christians took their rabbis and monks as lords, because the rabbis and monks ''made lawful'' for them what Allah forbade. <ref>Quran 9:31, tafsir Ibn Kathir</ref>
{{Quote|Ibn Abi Shaybah: Kitab al-Iman 101 (sahih)|
عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عَمرو قال : يأتي على الناس زمانٌ ، يجتمِعون ويُصلُّون في المساجدِ ، وليس فيهم مؤمنٌ


A time will come on people when they get together and pray in mosques and isn't among them a single believer
===Slave woman gives birth to her master/mistress===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|48}}|
When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
}}
}}
 
{{Quote|Ibn Majah Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 63 (sahih)|
Praying hypocrites were also mentioned in the Bible:
When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress' (Waki' said: This means when non-Arabs will give birth to Arabs")
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Matthew 6:5|
“And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others.
}}
}}


The military nature of Islam's spread may have encouraged this type of hypocrisy:
According to Nawawi, the opinion of the majority of scholars is that Muslims will enslave non-Muslim women and have kids with them and the kids will be masters of their mothers because the kids are Muslims. <ref>https://quranacademy.io/blog/an-nawawis-hadith-2-hadith-of-jibreel-3/</ref> Ibn Hajar (who lived later) didn't like this interpretation, because the enslavement was already happening during the time of Muhammad, so it wasn't really a prophecy of the future.
{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|30}}|
It is reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said:


I have been commanded to fight against people so long as they do not declare that there is no god but Allah, and he who professed it was guaranteed the protection of his property and life on my behalf except for the right affairs rest with Allah.
Ibn Hajar and others, as a result, like to interpret it as kids treating their mothers like slaves. This is not compatible with Waki's comment, and it would appear that children disrespecting their parents has been and will remain a universal phenomenon.
 
===Woman helps her husband in business===
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)|
'Abdullah said, 'From the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "Before the Final Hour people will single out one individual for the greeting, commerce will increase until '''a woman helps her husband in business''', people will sever their links with their relatives, knowledge will spread, false testimony will appear and true testimony will be concealed."
}}
}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|260}}|
Narrated `Ikrima:


`Ali burnt some people and this news reached Ibn `Abbas, who said, "Had I been in his place I would not have burnt them, as the Prophet () said, 'Don't punish (anybody) with Allah's Punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him.' "
===Some people control trade===
{{Quote|an-Nasa'i Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 4461 (sahih)|
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'One of the portents of the Hour will be that wealth becomes widespread and abundant, and trade will become widespread, but knowledge will disappear. '''A man will try to sell something and will say: "No, not until I consult the merchant of banu so and so''' and People will look throughout a vast area for a scribe and will not find one."
}}
}}
Meccans boycotted Muslims in the Meccan period. It was a form of trade control.


===Fire in Hijaz illuminates necks of camels in Busra===
===Injustice===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|234}}|
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 485 (sahih)|
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Injustice will appear as darkness on the Day of Rising."
}}


Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till a fire will come out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of the camels at Busra."
===False testimony===
}}
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)|
There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Rahat Harrat Rahat]) which is considered by Muslims as fulfillment. That's the last eruption, but the eruption before that was in 640 - 641 A.D. during the reign of Umar.<ref>
وَظُهُورُ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالزُّورِ، وَكِتْمَانُ شَهَادَةِ الْحَقِّ
Volcanic history of the northernmost part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1253/529993/Volcanic-history-of-the-northernmost-part-of-the</ref>
So there was a precedent. The unspecified date of occurrence makes this prediction one that might be referenced perennially


===Making halal what was haram===
..false testimony will appear and true testimony will be concealed.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|69|494}}|
Narrated Abu 'Amir or Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari:
 
that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "From among my followers there will be some '''people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks and the use of musical instruments, as lawful.''' And there will be some people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in the evening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and ask them for something, but they will say to him, 'Return to us tomorrow.' Allah will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fall on them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys and pigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection."
}}
}}


According to Islam, Jews and Christians took their rabbis and monks as lords, because the rabbis and monks ''made lawful'' for them what Allah forbade. <ref>Quran 9:31, tafsir Ibn Kathir</ref>
False testimony was already forbidden in the 10 commandments. The problem existed long before Islam.


===Slave woman gives birth to her master/mistress===
===Unfulfilled vows===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|48}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|57|2}}|
When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
..then the Prophet () added, 'There will come after you, people who will bear witness without being asked to do so, and will be treacherous and untrustworthy, and '''they will vow and never fulfill their vows''', and fatness will appear among them."
}}
}}
{{Quote|Ibn Majah Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 63 (sahih)|
 
When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress' (Waki' said: This means when non-Arabs will give birth to Arabs")
===Cheating in weights (scales)===
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019|
It was narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said:
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said: ‘O Muhajirun, there are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah lest you live to see them: Immorality never appears among a people to such an extent that they commit it openly, but plagues and diseases that were never known among the predecessors will spread among them. '''They do not cheat in weights and measures but they will be stricken with famine, severe calamity and the oppression of their rulers'''. They do not withhold the Zakah of their wealth, but rain will be withheld from the sky, and were it not for the animals, no rain would fall on them. They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, but Allah will enable their enemies to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands. Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.’”
}}
}}


According to Nawawi, the opinion of the majority of scholars is that Muslims will enslave non-Muslim women and have kids with them and the kids will be masters of their mothers because the kids are Muslims. <ref>https://quranacademy.io/blog/an-nawawis-hadith-2-hadith-of-jibreel-3/</ref> Ibn Hajar (who lived later) didn't like this interpretation, because the enslavement was already happening during the time of Muhammad, so it wasn't really a prophecy of the future.
This is also mentioned in the Old Testament:
{{Quote|The Bible (NASB), Amos 8:2-6|
Then the Lord said to me, “The end has come for My people Israel. I will spare them no longer. The songs of the palace will turn to wailing in that day,” declares the Lord God. “Many will be the corpses; in every place they will cast them forth in silence.” '''Hear this, you who trample the needy''', to do away with the humble of the land, saying: “When will the new moon be over, So that we may sell grain, And the sabbath, that we may open the wheat market, '''To make the bushel smaller and the shekel bigger, And to cheat with dishonest scales'''
}}


Ibn Hajar and others, as a result, like to interpret it as kids treating their mothers like slaves. This is not compatible with Waki's comment, and it would appear that children disrespecting their parents has been and will remain a universal phenomenon.
Famines, like cheating, are universal phenomenon.


===Woman helps her husband in business===
===Making money unlawfully===
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|296}}|
'Abdullah said, 'From the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "Before the Final Hour people will single out one individual for the greeting, commerce will increase until '''a woman helps her husband in business''', people will sever their links with their relatives, knowledge will spread, false testimony will appear and true testimony will be concealed."
Narrated Abu Hurairah (ra):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said "Certainly a time will come when people will not bother to know from where they earned the money, by lawful means or unlawful means."
}}
Muhammad himself engaged in dubious practices to acquire money:
{{Quote|Sirat Rasul Allah 428, Tabari VII:29|
Then the apostle heard that Abu Sufyan b. Harb was coming from Syria with a large caravan of Quraysh, containing their money and merchandise, accompanied by some thirty or forty men." Mohammad said, "This is the Quraysh caravan containing their property, Go out to attack it, perhaps God will give it as prey,
}}
}}


===Some people control trade===
===Usury (riba)===
{{Quote|an-Nasa'i Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 4461 (sahih)|
{{Quote|Musnad Aḥmad 10191|
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'One of the portents of the Hour will be that wealth becomes widespread and abundant, and trade will become widespread, but knowledge will disappear. '''A man will try to sell something and will say: "No, not until I consult the merchant of banu so and so''' and People will look throughout a vast area for a scribe and will not find one."
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا قِيلَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ مِنْهُمْ نَالَهُ مِنْ غُبَارِهِ
 
Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “A time will come upon people in which they will consume usury.” It was said, “All of the people?” The Prophet said, “Whoever does not consume it will be affected by its dust.
}}
}}
Meccans boycotted Muslims in the Meccan period. It was a form of trade control.


===Injustice===
Usury (riba) was already widespread in the period before Islam, which Muslims call "jahilya":
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 485 (sahih)|
{{Quote|[https://ebrary.net/10536/business_finance/types_riba Types of Riba]|
Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Injustice will appear as darkness on the Day of Rising."
Riba al-Jahiliyah means “the riba used during the age of ignorance and paganism.” It is also called riba al-nassee'aa (the riba that is constrained by a time limit and is time dependent). This type of '''riba was widely practiced by the pagan Arabs at the advent of Islam'''.  
}}
}}


===False testimony===
In any interest-based economy, all goods will inevitably be "tainted" directly or indirectly with interest-based practices.
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)|
 
وَظُهُورُ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالزُّورِ، وَكِتْمَانُ شَهَادَةِ الْحَقِّ
===Sudden deaths===
{{Quote|Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat al-Tabarani (9/147) No. 9376 (sahih)|
حدثنا الهيثم بن خالد المصيصي نا عبدالكبير بن المعافى بن عمران نا شريك عن العباس بن ذريح عن الشعبي عن أنس بن مالك رفعه إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال من اقتراب الساعة أن يرى الهلال قبلا فيقال لليلتين وأن تتخذ المساجد طرقا وأن يظهر الموت الفجاء لم يرو هذا الحديث عن العباس بن زريح إلا شريك تفرد به عبد الكبير بن المعافى


..false testimony will appear and true testimony will be concealed.
Anas bin Malik (RA) narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said: “Among the signs that the Last Hour is near, is that the crescent would appear larger than its actual size and people would say: ‘It appears as if it is only two days old.’ and the masajid will be taken as streets, and '''sudden death will spread'''.
}}
}}


===Unfulfilled vows===
In other hadiths Muhammad and Ubayd speak about sudden death as something already known:{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 3110 / Book 21, Hadith 22 / Book 20, Hadith 3104 (sahih)|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|57|2}}|
Narrated Ubayd ibn Khalid as-Sulami,:
..then the Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'There will come after you, people who will bear witness without being asked to do so, and will be treacherous and untrustworthy, and '''they will vow and never fulfill their vows''', and fatness will appear among them."
}}


===Cheating in weights (scales)===
A man from the Companions of the Prophet (), said: The narrator Sa'd ibn Ubaydah narrated sometimes from the Prophet (ﷺ) and sometimes as a statement of Ubayd (ibn Khalid): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Sudden death is a wrathful catching.
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019|
It was narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said:
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said: ‘O Muhajirun, there are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah lest you live to see them: Immorality never appears among a people to such an extent that they commit it openly, but plagues and diseases that were never known among the predecessors will spread among them. '''They do not cheat in weights and measures but they will be stricken with famine, severe calamity and the oppression of their rulers'''. They do not withhold the Zakah of their wealth, but rain will be withheld from the sky, and were it not for the animals, no rain would fall on them. They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, but Allah will enable their enemies to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands. Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.’”
}}
}}


This is also mentioned in the Old Testament:
===Islam will be unpleasant for Muslims (like burning ember/coal in hand)===
{{Quote|The Bible (NASB), Amos 8:2-6|
{{Quote|Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2260 (hasan)|
Then the Lord said to me, “The end has come for My people Israel. I will spare them no longer. The songs of the palace will turn to wailing in that day,” declares the Lord God. “Many will be the corpses; in every place they will cast them forth in silence.” '''Hear this, you who trample the needy''', to do away with the humble of the land, saying: “When will the new moon be over, So that we may sell grain, And the sabbath, that we may open the wheat market, '''To make the bushel smaller and the shekel bigger, And to cheat with dishonest scales'''
Anas bin Malik narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said:
"There shall come upon the people a time in which the one who is patient upon his religion will be like the one holding onto a burning ember."
}}
}}


Famines, like cheating, are universal phenomenon.
Adhering to Islam was already unpleasant for many Muslims during the time of Muhammad and it escalated in 632-633 during the Wars of Apostasy when some Arabs tried to leave Islam, but had it imposed on them once again by the caliph.
 
===Following Jews and Christians===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|92|422}}|
Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri:


===Making money unlawfully===
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will follow the ways of those nations who were before you, span by span and cubit by cubit (i.e., inch by inch) so much so that even if they entered a hole of a mastigure, you would follow them." We said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! (Do you mean) the Jews and the Christians?" He said, "Whom else?"
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|296}}|
Narrated Abu Hurairah (ra):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said "Certainly a time will come when people will not bother to know from where they earned the money, by lawful means or unlawful means."
}}
Muhammad himself engaged in dubious practices to acquire money:
{{Quote|Sirat Rasul Allah 428, Tabari VII:29|
Then the apostle heard that Abu Sufyan b. Harb was coming from Syria with a large caravan of Quraysh, containing their money and merchandise, accompanied by some thirty or forty men." Mohammad said, "This is the Quraysh caravan containing their property, Go out to attack it, perhaps God will give it as prey,
}}
}}
Muhammad himself incorporated portions of the Talmud and the gospels in the Quran and his teachings.


===Usury (riba)===
===Killing [pointless killing]===
{{Quote|Musnad Aḥmad 10191|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|184}}|
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا قِيلَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ مِنْهُمْ نَالَهُ مِنْ غُبَارِهِ
Narrated `Abdullah and Abu Musa:


Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “A time will come upon people in which they will consume usury.” It was said, “All of the people?” The Prophet said, “Whoever does not consume it will be affected by its dust.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which Religious ignorance will spread, knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and '''there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing'''."
}}
}}


Usury (riba) was already widespread in the period before Islam, which Muslims call "jahilya":
The Old Testament hosts many texts about mass killing. For example:
{{Quote|[https://ebrary.net/10536/business_finance/types_riba Types of Riba]|
{{Quote|The Bible (AMPC), 1 Samuel 15:3|
Riba al-Jahiliyah means “the riba used during the age of ignorance and paganism.” It is also called riba al-nassee'aa (the riba that is constrained by a time limit and is time dependent). This type of '''riba was widely practiced by the pagan Arabs at the advent of Islam'''.
Now go and smite Amalek and utterly destroy all they have; do not spare them, but '''kill both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.'''
}}
}}


In any interest-based economy, all goods will inevitably be "tainted" directly or indirectly with interest-based practices.
Muhammad himself engaged in what most would describe as "pointless killing":
{{Quote|Ibn Ishaq: Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 464|
Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900.
}}


===Sudden deaths===
===Two parties with the same message will fight===
{{Quote|Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat al-Tabarani (9/147) No. 9376 (sahih)|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6902}}|
حدثنا الهيثم بن خالد المصيصي نا عبدالكبير بن المعافى بن عمران نا شريك عن العباس بن ذريح عن الشعبي عن أنس بن مالك رفعه إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال من اقتراب الساعة أن يرى الهلال قبلا فيقال لليلتين وأن تتخذ المساجد طرقا وأن يظهر الموت الفجاء لم يرو هذا الحديث عن العباس بن زريح إلا شريك تفرد به عبد الكبير بن المعافى
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger () many ahadith and one of them was this:


Anas bin Malik (RA) narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said: “Among the signs that the Last Hour is near, is that the crescent would appear larger than its actual size and people would say: ‘It appears as if it is only two days old.’ and the masajid will be taken as streets, and '''sudden death will spread'''.
The last Hour will not come until the two parties (of Muslims) confront each other and there is a large-scale massacre amongst them and the claim of both of them is the same.
}}
}}


In other hadiths Muhammad and Ubayd speak about sudden death as something already known:{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 3110 / Book 21, Hadith 22 / Book 20, Hadith 3104 (sahih)|
This prediction was interpreted by Islamic scholars as referring to the Battle of Siffin (year 657). Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.
Narrated Ubayd ibn Khalid as-Sulami,:


A man from the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ), said: The narrator Sa'd ibn Ubaydah narrated sometimes from the Prophet () and sometimes as a statement of Ubayd (ibn Khalid): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Sudden death is a wrathful catching.
===Issue between Ali and Aisha===
}}
{{Quote|Fath al Bari 13/59 (sahih) and others|
إنَّهُ سيكونُ بينَكَ وبين عائشةَ أمرٌ قال فأنا أشقاهُم يا رسولَ اللهِ قال لا ولكنْ إذا كان ذلك فاردُدْها إلى مأمنِها


===Islam will be unpleasant for Muslims (like burning ember/coal in hand)===
There will be an issue between you and ‘Aisha.” He said, “Me, O Messenger of Allah?!” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Me?!” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Then [in that case] I would be the worst of them (all people).” He said, “No, but when this occurs, return her to her safe quarters.”}}
{{Quote|Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2260 (hasan)|
 
Anas bin Malik narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said:
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel Battle of the Camel] happened in 656. The hadith (in Musnad Ahmad) was written in the 9th century.
"There shall come upon the people a time in which the one who is patient upon his religion will be like the one holding onto a burning ember."
 
===Ammar will be killed===
{{Quote|Tirmidhi Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3800 (sahih)|
Narrated Abu Hurairah:
that the Messenger of Allah () said: "Rejoice, 'Ammar, the transgressing party shall kill you."
}}
}}


Adhering to Islam was already unpleasant for many Muslims during the time of Muhammad and it escalated in 632-633 during the Wars of Apostasy when some Arabs tried to leave Islam, but had it imposed on them once again by the caliph.
He was killed in the 7th century. The collection of Tirmidhi was written in the 9th century.


===Following Jews and Christians===
==="I have been given Persia"===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|92|422}}|
{{Quote|Al-Nasa'i, Sunan al Kubra 8858|
Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri:
أنبأ محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال حدثنا معتمر قال سمعت عوفا قال سمعت ميمونا يحدث عن البراء بن عازب قال : لما أمرنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم أن يحفر الخندق عرض لنا فيه حجر لا يأخذ فيه المعول فاشتكينا ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فألقى ثوبه وأخذ المعول وقال بسم الله فضرب ضربة فكسر ثلث الصخرة قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح الشام والله إني لأبصر قصورها الحمر الآن من مكاني هذا قال ثم ضرب أخرى وقال بسم الله وكسر ثلثا آخر وقال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح فارس والله إني لأبصر قصر المدائن الأبيض الآن ثم ضرب ثالثة وقال بسم الله فقطع الحجر قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح اليمن والله إني لأبصر باب صنعاء


The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will follow the ways of those nations who were before you, span by span and cubit by cubit (i.e., inch by inch) so much so that even if they entered a hole of a mastigure, you would follow them." We said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! (Do you mean) the Jews and the Christians?" He said, "Whom else?"
Al-Bara said: On the Day of Al-Khandaq (the trench) there stood out a rock too immune for our spades to break up. We therefore went to see God’s Messenger for advice. He took the spade, and said: “In the Name of God” Then he struck it saying: “God is Most Great, I have been given the keys of Ash-Sham (Greater Syria). By God, I can see its red palaces at the moment;” on the second strike he said: “God is Most Great, '''I have been given Persia'''. By God, I can now see the white palace of Madain;” and for the third time he struck the rock saying: “In the Name of God,” shattering the rest of the rock, and he said: “God is Most Great, I have been given the keys of Yemen. By God, I can see the gates of San’a while I am in my place.”
}}
}}
Muhammad himself incorporated portions of the Talmud and the gospels in the Quran and his teachings.


===Killing [pointless killing]===
The bloody conquest happened around the year 650. Earliest hadith collection Muwatta Imam Malik (which doesn't contain this hadith) was written around the year 750 and the hadith collection sunan al-Kubra which contains the hadith was written around the year 850. This hadith was written hundreds of years after the event it describes.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|184}}|
Narrated `Abdullah and Abu Musa:


The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which Religious ignorance will spread, knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and '''there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing'''."
Furthermore, Persia was already conquered a thousand years before by Alexander the Great. And at the time of Muhammad Persia was exhausted by wars with Romans which lasted from 54 BC to 628 AD (681 years).
}}


The Old Testament hosts many texts about mass killing. For example:
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars Wikipedia: Roman–Persian Wars]
{{Quote|The Bible (AMPC), 1 Samuel 15:3|
 
Now go and smite Amalek and utterly destroy all they have; do not spare them, but '''kill both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.'''
===Conquest of Jerusalem===
}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|401}}|
Narrated `Auf bin Mali:


Muhammad himself engaged in what most would describe as "pointless killing":
I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Ghazwa of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, "Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death, '''the conquest of Jerusalem''', a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers.
{{Quote|Ibn Ishaq: Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 464|
Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900.
}}
}}


===Two parties with the same message will fight===
Some suggest that Muhammad predicted "The Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 1187 AD." <ref>https://www.islamweb.net/en/article/135817/the-signs-of-the-hour</ref>:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6902}}|
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) many ahadith and one of them was this:


The last Hour will not come until the two parties (of Muslims) confront each other and there is a large-scale massacre amongst them and the claim of both of them is the same.
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (1187)]
}}


This prediction was interpreted by Islamic scholars as referring to the Battle of Siffin (year 657). Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.
However, this was the second Islamic conquest of Jerusalem. Muslims first conquered Jerusalem in 636:


===Issue between Ali and Aisha===
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)]
{{Quote|Fath al Bari 13/59 (sahih) and others|
إنَّهُ سيكونُ بينَكَ وبين عائشةَ أمرٌ قال فأنا أشقاهُم يا رسولَ اللهِ قال لا ولكنْ إذا كان ذلك فاردُدْها إلى مأمنِها


There will be an issue between you and ‘Aisha.” He said, “Me, O Messenger of Allah?!” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Me?!” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Then [in that case] I would be the worst of them (all people).” He said, “No, but when this occurs, return her to her safe quarters.”}}
Furthermore, after the conquest, the Hour was expected to come. Both events occurred nearly a thousand years in the past.
 
This was written by Bukhari two hundred years after the first conquest.


The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel Battle of the Camel] happened in 656. The hadith (in Musnad Ahmad) was written in the 9th century.
Hadith in Sunan Abu Dawud also stresses the coming of the Last Hour after the conquest of Jerusalem (holy land):
{{Quote|Abu Dawud 14:2529 (sahih)|
Narrated Abdullah ibn Hawalah al-Azdi:


===Ammar will be killed===
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us on foot to get spoil, but we returned without getting any. When he saw the signs of distress on our faces, he stood up on our faces and said: O Allah, do not put them under my care, for I would be too weak to care for them; do not put them in care of themselves, for they would be incapable of that, and do not put them in the care of men, for they would choose the best things for themselves. '''He then placed his hand on my head and said: Ibn Hawalah, when you see the caliphate has settled in the holy land, earthquakes, sorrows and serious matters will have drawn near and on that day the Last Hour will be nearer to mankind than this hand of mine is to your head.'''
{{Quote|Tirmidhi Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3800 (sahih)|
Narrated Abu Hurairah:
that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Rejoice, 'Ammar, the transgressing party shall kill you."
}}
}}


He was killed in the 7th century. The collection of Tirmidhi was written in the 9th century.
===Conquest of Egypt===
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5174}}|
Abu Dharr reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:


==="I have been given Persia"===
'''You would soon conquer Egypt''' and that is a land which is known (as the land of al-qirat). So when you conquer it, treat its inhabitants well. For there lies upon you the responsibility because of blood-tie or relationship of marriage (with them). And when you see two persons falling into dispute amongst themselves for the space of a brick, than get out of that. He (Abu Dharr) said: I saw Abd al-Rahman b. Shurahbil b. Hasana and his brother Rabi'a disputing with one another for the space of a brick. So I left that (land).
{{Quote|Al-Nasa'i, Sunan al Kubra 8858|
أنبأ محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال حدثنا معتمر قال سمعت عوفا قال سمعت ميمونا يحدث عن البراء بن عازب قال : لما أمرنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم أن يحفر الخندق عرض لنا فيه حجر لا يأخذ فيه المعول فاشتكينا ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فألقى ثوبه وأخذ المعول وقال بسم الله فضرب ضربة فكسر ثلث الصخرة قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح الشام والله إني لأبصر قصورها الحمر الآن من مكاني هذا قال ثم ضرب أخرى وقال بسم الله وكسر ثلثا آخر وقال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح فارس والله إني لأبصر قصر المدائن الأبيض الآن ثم ضرب ثالثة وقال بسم الله فقطع الحجر قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح اليمن والله إني لأبصر باب صنعاء
 
Al-Bara said: On the Day of Al-Khandaq (the trench) there stood out a rock too immune for our spades to break up. We therefore went to see God’s Messenger for advice. He took the spade, and said: “In the Name of God” Then he struck it saying: “God is Most Great, I have been given the keys of Ash-Sham (Greater Syria). By God, I can see its red palaces at the moment;” on the second strike he said: “God is Most Great, '''I have been given Persia'''. By God, I can now see the white palace of Madain;” and for the third time he struck the rock saying: “In the Name of God,” shattering the rest of the rock, and he said: “God is Most Great, I have been given the keys of Yemen. By God, I can see the gates of San’a while I am in my place.
}}
}}
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt Muslim conquest of Egypt] happened in the 7th century. The hadith collection Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.


The bloody conquest happened around the year 650. Earliest hadith collection Muwatta Imam Malik (which doesn't contain this hadith) was written around the year 750 and the hadith collection sunan al-Kubra which contains the hadith was written around the year 850. This hadith was written hundreds of years after the event it describes.
===Conquest of Yemen, Syria and Iraq===
{{Quote|{{Muslim|7|3201}}|
Sufyan b. Abu Zuhair heard Allah's Messenger () say:


Furthermore, Persia was already conquered a thousand years before by Alexander the Great. And at the time of Muhammad Persia was exhausted by wars with Romans which lasted from 54 BC to 628 AD (681 years).
'''Yemen will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families on them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''Syria will be conquered''' and some people will go away driving their camels along with them and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''lraq will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority. while Medina is better for them if they were to know it.
 
}}
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars Wikipedia: Roman–Persian Wars]
All conquests happened in the 7th century. Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.
===Fighting Turks===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|787}}|
Narrated Abu Huraira:


===Conquest of Jerusalem===
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till you fight a nation wearing hairy shoes, and till you '''fight the Turks''', who will have small eyes, red faces and flat noses; and their faces will be like flat shields. And you will find that the best people are those who hate responsibility of ruling most of all till they are chosen to be the rulers. And the people are of different natures: The best in the pre-lslamic period are the best in Islam. A time will come when any of you will love to see me rather than to have his family and property doubled."
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|401}}|
Narrated `Auf bin Mali:
 
I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Ghazwa of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, "Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death, '''the conquest of Jerusalem''', a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers.
}}
}}


Some suggest that Muhammad predicted "The Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 1187 AD." <ref>https://www.islamweb.net/en/article/135817/the-signs-of-the-hour</ref>:
Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.


*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (1187)]
One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, Islam's global imperial aspirations (proven as they were by the end of Muhammad's life) would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood.


However, this was the second Islamic conquest of Jerusalem. Muslims first conquered Jerusalem in 636:
===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you===
This hadith is often referenced as evidence that Muhammad predicted the Ottoman empire, often ignoring the clause about the Abyssinians
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4288}}|
Narrated from Abi Sukainah One of the Companions:


*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)]
The Prophet () said: '''Let the Abyssinians alone as long as they let you alone''', and let the Turks alone as long as they leave you alone.
}}


Furthermore, after the conquest, the Hour was expected to come. Both events occurred nearly a thousand years in the past.
It is said that the Turks should be left alone because they were strong, and they were strong therefore they would eventually become dominant. This is an evidently generous reading of the hadith.


This was written by Bukhari two hundred years after the first conquest.
In other hadith, Muhammad is reported to have predicted that after a few wars, Muslims would exterminate the Turks:
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar, Takhreej Mishkaat al-Masabih 5/110 (hasan) and others <ref>http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%83%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8C+%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%90+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%91%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8E</ref>|
يقاتِلُكم قومٌ صغارُ الأعينِ يعني التُّركَ قالَ تسوقونَهم ثلاثَ مرات حتَّى تُلحِقوهم بجزيرةِ العربِ فأمَّا في السِّاقةِ الأولى فينجو من هربَ منهم فأمَّا في الثَّانيةِ فينجو بعضٌ ويَهلِكُ بعضٌ وأمَّا في الثَّالثةِ فيصطَلِمونَ


===Conquest of Egypt===
People with small eyes, i.e. the Turks, will fight against you, the prophet (ﷺ) said: You will drive them off three times till you catch up with them in Arabia. On the first occasion when you drive them off those who fly will be safe, on the second occasion some will be safe and some will perish, but '''on the third occasion they will be extirpated'''.
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5174}}|
}}
Abu Dharr reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:
===Spoils of war distributed preferentially===
Hadith daif:
{{Quote|Tirmidhi 2211 (daif)|
إِذَا اتُّخِذَ الْفَىْءُ دُوَلاً


'''You would soon conquer Egypt''' and that is a land which is known (as the land of al-qirat). So when you conquer it, treat its inhabitants well. For there lies upon you the responsibility because of blood-tie or relationship of marriage (with them). And when you see two persons falling into dispute amongst themselves for the space of a brick, than get out of that. He (Abu Dharr) said: I saw Abd al-Rahman b. Shurahbil b. Hasana and his brother Rabi'a disputing with one another for the space of a brick. So I left that (land).
When Al-Fai' is distributed(preferentially)
}}
}}
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt Muslim conquest of Egypt] happened in the 7th century. The hadith collection Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.
Al-Fai mean spoils of war.


===Conquest of Yemen, Syria and Iraq===
===Fearless traveler (security)===
{{Quote|{{Muslim|7|3201}}|
Probably refers to time after the conquest of Iraq in the 7th century:
Sufyan b. Abu Zuhair heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say:
{{Quote|al-Haythami 7/334 (sahih)|
لا تقومُ الساعَةُ حتى تعودَ أرْضُ العربِ مروجًا وأَنْهَارًا وحتى يسيرَ الراكِبُ بينَ العِرَاقِ ومَكَّةَ لَا يَخَافُ إلَّا ضَلَالَ الطريقِ [ وحتَّى يَكْثُرَ الْهَرْجُ قالوا وما الهَرْجُ يا رسولَ اللهِ قال القتلُ ]


'''Yemen will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families on them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''Syria will be conquered''' and some people will go away driving their camels along with them and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''lraq will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority. while Medina is better for them if they were to know it.
The Hour will not come until the land of Arabs becomes meadows and rivers and until '''a rider goes between Iraq and Makka and doesn't fear anything except getting lost''' and until al-harj is widespread. They said: And what is al-Harj O messenger of God? He said: Killing.
}}
}}
All conquests happened in the 7th century. Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.
===Fighting Turks===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|787}}|
Narrated Abu Huraira:


The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till you fight a nation wearing hairy shoes, and till you '''fight the Turks''', who will have small eyes, red faces and flat noses; and their faces will be like flat shields. And you will find that the best people are those who hate responsibility of ruling most of all till they are chosen to be the rulers. And the people are of different natures: The best in the pre-lslamic period are the best in Islam. A time will come when any of you will love to see me rather than to have his family and property doubled."
===Fat people===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|57|2}}|
Narrated `Imran bin Husain:
 
"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'The best of my followers are those living in my generation (i.e. my contemporaries). and then those who will follow the latter" `Imran added, "I do not remember whether he mentioned two or three generations after his generation, then the Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'There will come after you, people who will bear witness without being asked to do so, and will be treacherous and untrustworthy, and they will vow and never fulfill their vows, and '''fatness will appear among them'''."
}}
}}


Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.
After the 7th century Islamic conquests, Muslims became rich and could have a lot of food.


One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, Islam's global imperial aspirations (proven as they were by the end of Muhammad's life) would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|548}}|
Narrated Ibn `Umar:


===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you===
We did not eat our fill except after we had conquered Khaibar.
This hadith is often referenced as evidence that Muhammad predicted the Ottoman empire, often ignoring the clause about the Abyssinians
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4288}}|
Narrated from Abi Sukainah One of the Companions:
 
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: '''Let the Abyssinians alone as long as they let you alone''', and let the Turks alone as long as they leave you alone.
}}
}}


It is said that the Turks should be left alone because they were strong, and they were strong therefore they would eventually become dominant. This is an evidently generous reading of the hadith.
Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.


In other hadith, Muhammad is reported to have predicted that after a few wars, Muslims would exterminate the Turks:
===Special greeting===
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar, Takhreej Mishkaat al-Masabih 5/110 (hasan) and others <ref>http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%83%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8C+%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%90+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%91%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8E</ref>|
It was interpreted as "greeting only people you know":
يقاتِلُكم قومٌ صغارُ الأعينِ يعني التُّركَ قالَ تسوقونَهم ثلاثَ مرات حتَّى تُلحِقوهم بجزيرةِ العربِ فأمَّا في السِّاقةِ الأولى فينجو من هربَ منهم فأمَّا في الثَّانيةِ فينجو بعضٌ ويَهلِكُ بعضٌ وأمَّا في الثَّالثةِ فيصطَلِمونَ
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)|
بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ‏:‏ تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ


People with small eyes, i.e. the Turks, will fight against you, the prophet (ﷺ) said: You will drive them off three times till you catch up with them in Arabia. On the first occasion when you drive them off those who fly will be safe, on the second occasion some will be safe and some will perish, but '''on the third occasion they will be extirpated'''.
Before the Hour there is special greeting
}}
}}
===Spoils of war distributed preferentially===
Hadith daif:
{{Quote|Tirmidhi 2211 (daif)|
إِذَا اتُّخِذَ الْفَىْءُ دُوَلاً


When Al-Fai' is distributed(preferentially)
It would mean Muslims would disobey Muhammad's command to greet everyone:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|12}}|
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr:
 
A man asked the Prophet (ﷺ) , "What sort of deeds or (what qualities of) Islam are good?" The Prophet () replied, 'To feed (the poor) and '''greet those whom you know and those whom you do not know'''.
}}
}}
Al-Fai mean spoils of war.


===Fearless traveler (security)===
In other hadiths however Muhammad was preventing Muslims from greeting certain people based on their religion:
Probably refers to time after the conquest of Iraq in the 7th century:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5389}}|
{{Quote|al-Haythami 7/334 (sahih)|
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger () as saying:
لا تقومُ الساعَةُ حتى تعودَ أرْضُ العربِ مروجًا وأَنْهَارًا وحتى يسيرَ الراكِبُ بينَ العِرَاقِ ومَكَّةَ لَا يَخَافُ إلَّا ضَلَالَ الطريقِ [ وحتَّى يَكْثُرَ الْهَرْجُ قالوا وما الهَرْجُ يا رسولَ اللهِ قال القتلُ ]


The Hour will not come until the land of Arabs becomes meadows and rivers and until '''a rider goes between Iraq and Makka and doesn't fear anything except getting lost''' and until al-harj is widespread. They said: And what is al-Harj O messenger of God? He said: Killing.
Do not greet the Jews and the Christians before they greet you and when you meet any one of them on the roads force him to go to the narrowest part of it.
}}
}}


===Fat people===
===Rejection of hadiths===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|57|2}}|
{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 4604 /  Book 41, Hadith 4587 /  Book 42, Hadith 9|
Narrated `Imran bin Husain:
Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma'dikarib:


"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'The best of my followers are those living in my generation (i.e. my contemporaries). and then those who will follow the latter" `Imran added, "I do not remember whether he mentioned two or three generations after his generation, then the Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'There will come after you, people who will bear witness without being asked to do so, and will be treacherous and untrustworthy, and they will vow and never fulfill their vows, and '''fatness will appear among them'''."
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Beware! I have been given the Qur'an and something like it, yet the time is coming when a man replete on his couch will say: '''Keep to the Qur'an'''; what you find in it to be permissible treat as permissible, and what you find in it to be prohibited treat as prohibited. Beware! The domestic ass, beasts of prey with fangs, a find belonging to confederate, unless its owner does not want it, are not permissible to you If anyone comes to some people, they must entertain him, but if they do not, he has a right to mulct them to an amount equivalent to his entertainment.
}}
}}


After the 7th century Islamic conquests, Muslims became rich and could buy a lot of food. Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.
The idea that only the Quran is the word of god and Muhamamad is just a man and therefore he might be wrong existed during Muhammad's life:
{{Quote|Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 3646, In-book reference: Book 26, Hadith 6, English translation: Book 25, Hadith 3639|
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:


===Special greeting===
I used to write everything which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I intended (by it) to memorise it. The Quraysh prohibited me saying: '''Do you write everything that you hear from him while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is a human being: he speaks in anger and pleasure?''' So I stopped writing, and mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He signalled with his finger to him mouth and said: Write, by Him in Whose hand my soul lies, only right comes out from it.
It was interpreted as "greeting only people you know":
}}
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)|
===Liars will be trusted and honest people will be regarded as liars===
بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ‏:‏ تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4036 (hasan)|
 
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
Before the Hour there is special greeting
“There will come to the people years of treachery, when the liar will be regarded as honest, and the honest man will be regarded as a liar; the traitor will be regarded as faithful, and the faithful man will be regarded as a traitor; and the Ruwaibidah will decide matters.’ It was said: ‘Who are the Ruwaibidah?’ He said: ‘Vile and base men who control the affairs of the people.’”
}}
}}


It would mean Muslims would disobey Muhammad's command to greet everyone:
This was already happening according to Islamic sources. Some people trusted Musaylimah.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|12}}|
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr:


A man asked the Prophet (ﷺ) , "What sort of deeds or (what qualities of) Islam are good?" The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, 'To feed (the poor) and '''greet those whom you know and those whom you do not know'''.
==="The pen will spread"===
}}
{{Quote|al-Adab al-Mufrad 1035 (sahih)|
عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ وَفُشُوُّ التِّجَارَةِ حَتَّى تُعِينَ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا عَلَى التِّجَارَةِ وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ وَفُشُوُّ الْقَلَمِ وَظُهُورُ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالزُّورِ وَكِتْمَانُ شَهَادَةِ الْحَقِّ


In other hadiths however Muhammad was preventing Muslims from greeting certain people based on their religion:
Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, family ties will be severed, '''the pen will spread''', false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5389}}|
}}
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger () as saying:
There is the Pen that Allah created first and which writes the future:
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3319 (sahih)|
“I arrived in Makkah and met Ata bin Abi Rabah. I said: ‘O Abu Muhammad! Some people with us speak about Al-Qadar.’ Ata said: ‘I met Al-Walid bin Ubadah bin As-Samit and he said: “My father narrated to me, he said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: “Verily '''the first of what Allah created was the Pen (القلم). He said to it: “Write.” So it wrote what will be forever'''.’”
}}


Do not greet the Jews and the Christians before they greet you and when you meet any one of them on the roads force him to go to the narrowest part of it.
There is also the Pen that writes deeds:
{{Quote|Bulugh al Maram: Book 8, Hadith 1096|
Narrated 'Aishah (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are three people whose actions are not recorded ( رُفِعَ اَلْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ, literally "is lifted the pen from three"), a sleeping person till he awakes, a child till he is a grown up, and an insane person till he is restored to reason or recovers his sense." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a, except at-Tirmidhi. al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
}}
{{Quote|al-nasa'i: Vol. 4, Book 26, Hadith 3217 (sahih)|
Narrated Abu Salamah:
It was narrated from Abu Salamah that Abu Hurairah said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I am a young man and I fear hardship for myself, but I cannot afford to marry; should I castrate myself?'" The Prophet turned away from him until he said it three times. Then the Prophet said: "O Abu Hurairah, '''the pen is dried concerning what you are going to face''', so (it is up to you whether) you castrate yourself or not." Abu Abdur-Rahman (An-Nasai) said: Al-Awzai did not hear this narration from Az-Zuhri, and this hadith is sahih, Yunus reported it from Az-Zuhri.
}}
}}


===Rejection of hadiths===
Literacy was increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. There was also the ongoing global transitions from oral cultures to written cultures more generally.
{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 4604 /  Book 41, Hadith 4587 /  Book 42, Hadith 9|
 
Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma'dikarib:
Notice also that the prophecy was written by people who were ''writing'' hadiths from oral traditions.


The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Beware! I have been given the Qur'an and something like it, yet the time is coming when a man replete on his couch will say: '''Keep to the Qur'an'''; what you find in it to be permissible treat as permissible, and what you find in it to be prohibited treat as prohibited. Beware! The domestic ass, beasts of prey with fangs, a find belonging to confederate, unless its owner does not want it, are not permissible to you If anyone comes to some people, they must entertain him, but if they do not, he has a right to mulct them to an amount equivalent to his entertainment.
===Family ties will be severed===
{{Quote|al-Adab al-Mufrad 1035 (sahih)|
Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, '''family ties will be severed''' (وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ), the pen will spread, false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.
}}
}}
Islam teaches that among the first people were brothers Cain and Abel and Cain killed Abel.


The idea that only the Quran is the word of god and Muhamamad is just a man and therefore he might be wrong existed during Muhammad's life:
There is also hadith where Muhammad encourages people to keep the ties of kinship, which indicates they weren't doing it enough in his time:
{{Quote|Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 3646, In-book reference: Book 26, Hadith 6, English translation: Book 25, Hadith 3639|
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 4, Book 1, Hadith 1979 (hasan)|
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said:
"Learn enough about your lineage to facilitate keeping your ties of kinship (تَصِلُونَ بِهِ أَرْحَامَكُمْ). For indeed keeping the ties of kinship encourages affection among the relatives, increases the wealth, and increases the lifespan."
}}


I used to write everything which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I intended (by it) to memorise it. The Quraysh prohibited me saying: '''Do you write everything that you hear from him while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is a human being: he speaks in anger and pleasure?''' So I stopped writing, and mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah (). He signalled with his finger to him mouth and said: Write, by Him in Whose hand my soul lies, only right comes out from it.
Killing of family members for the sake of Islam was also approved by Muhammad:
}}
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4348}}|Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace be upon him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace be upon him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed about it.  
===Liars will be trusted and honest people will be regarded as liars===
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4036 (hasan)|
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“There will come to the people years of treachery, when the liar will be regarded as honest, and the honest man will be regarded as a liar; the traitor will be regarded as faithful, and the faithful man will be regarded as a traitor; and the Ruwaibidah will decide matters.’ It was said: ‘Who are the Ruwaibidah?’ He said: ‘Vile and base men who control the affairs of the people.’”
}}


This was already happening according to Islamic sources. Some people trusted Musaylimah.
He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up.  


==="The pen will spread"===
He sat before the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: Apostle of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her.
{{Quote|al-Adab al-Mufrad 1035 (sahih)|
عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ وَفُشُوُّ التِّجَارَةِ حَتَّى تُعِينَ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا عَلَى التِّجَارَةِ وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ وَفُشُوُّ الْقَلَمِ وَظُهُورُ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالزُّورِ وَكِتْمَانُ شَهَادَةِ الْحَقِّ
Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.}}


Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, family ties will be severed, '''the pen will spread''', false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
===Satellite Communications===
}}
It's a similar prophecy to "family ties will be severed", this hadith is often mistranslated (also the hadith is weak):
There is the Pen that Allah created first and which writes the future:
{{Quote|Tabrani, al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr 10/228 and Mu'jan al-Awsat 4861 (da'eef)|
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3319 (sahih)|
“From among the signs of Qiyamah is that people will maintain ties with '''distant relatives and strangers''' (الأطباق) but sever ties with close family.”
“I arrived in Makkah and met Ata bin Abi Rabah. I said: ‘O Abu Muhammad! Some people with us speak about Al-Qadar.’ Ata said: ‘I met Al-Walid bin Ubadah bin As-Samit and he said: “My father narrated to me, he said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: “Verily '''the first of what Allah created was the Pen (القلم). He said to it: “Write.” So it wrote what will be forever'''.’”
}}
}}
The word الأطباق (''al-atbaaq'') is today sometimes translated as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites".
*[https://hadithanswers.com/is-satellite-communication-a-sign-of-qiyamah/ Fatwa against the modern interpretation]


There is also the Pen that writes deeds:
===Automobiles (actually camels with lofty saddles)===
{{Quote|Bulugh al Maram: Book 8, Hadith 1096|
Muhammad forbade riding on ''mayathir'' (مياثر), so mayathir were something already known:
Narrated 'Aishah (RA):
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|74|253}}|
The Prophet () said: "There are three people whose actions are not recorded ( رُفِعَ اَلْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ, literally "is lifted the pen from three"), a sleeping person till he awakes, a child till he is a grown up, and an insane person till he is restored to reason or recovers his sense." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a, except at-Tirmidhi. al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
..He forbade us to drink from silver utensils, to wear gold rings, '''to ride on silken saddles (ركوب المياثر)''', to wear silk clothes..
}}
{{Quote|al-nasa'i: Vol. 4, Book 26, Hadith 3217 (sahih)|
Narrated Abu Salamah:
It was narrated from Abu Salamah that Abu Hurairah said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I am a young man and I fear hardship for myself, but I cannot afford to marry; should I castrate myself?'" The Prophet turned away from him until he said it three times. Then the Prophet said: "O Abu Hurairah, '''the pen is dried concerning what you are going to face''', so (it is up to you whether) you castrate yourself or not." Abu Abdur-Rahman (An-Nasai) said: Al-Awzai did not hear this narration from Az-Zuhri, and this hadith is sahih, Yunus reported it from Az-Zuhri.
}}
}}


Literacy was increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. There was also the ongoing global transitions from oral cultures to written cultures more generally.
There is a prophecy about people riding on mayathir at the end of times:
{{Quote|al-Mustadrak 4 / 436 (hasan)|
سَيَكُونُ فِي آخِرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ رِجَالٌ يَرْكَبُونَ عَلَى الْمَيَاثِرِ حَتَّى يَأْتُوا أَبْوَابَ مَسَاجِدِهِمْ


Notice also that the prophecy was written by people who were ''writing'' hadiths from oral traditions.
They will mount their mayaathir until they come to the doors of their mosques
}}
Albani explained:
{{Quote|Tafsir by Albani|
the word mayaathir is the plural of meetharah and Ibn al-Athir described it as, “… smooth and soft, made out of silk or a silk brocade [heavy silk] which the rider places beneath him on the saddle on top of the camel.
}}


===Family ties will be severed===
And a re-iteration of the same prophecy:
{{Quote|al-Adab al-Mufrad 1035 (sahih)|
{{Quote|Musnad Ahmad 654/11 (hasan)|
Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, '''family ties will be severed''' (وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ), the pen will spread, false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
يكون في آخر أمتي رجال يركبون على سرج كأشباه الرحال ينزلون على أبواب المساجد نساؤهم كاسيات عاريات
}}
Islam teaches that among the first people were brothers Cain and Abel and Cain killed Abel.


There is also hadith where Muhammad encourages people to keep the ties of kinship, which indicates they weren't doing it enough in his time:
In the last [part] of my nation there will be men who ride on '''saddles that resemble packsaddles''' (سرج كأشباه الرحال).  They will alight at the doors of the mosques.  Their women are clothed but naked.  On their heads are [what appears to be] like the humps of [lean] camels.  Curse them for they are cursed. If there were a nation from the nations to come after you, your women would serve them, just as the women of the nations that were before you served you.
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 4, Book 1, Hadith 1979 (hasan)|
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said:
"Learn enough about your lineage to facilitate keeping your ties of kinship (تَصِلُونَ بِهِ أَرْحَامَكُمْ). For indeed keeping the ties of kinship encourages affection among the relatives, increases the wealth, and increases the lifespan."
}}
}}
Some try to translate سرج كأشباه الرحال as "carriots" or "cars", but:


Killing of family members for the sake of Islam was also approved by Muhammad:
*سَرْج means "saddlebag; packsaddle; saddle; pigskin; pillion" <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AC/</ref>
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4348}}|Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace be upon him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace be upon him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed about it.  
*رَحْل means "Either of a pair of a bags laid over the back of a horse - saddlebag; packsaddle; saddle". <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84/</ref>


He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up.
===Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|184}}|
Narrated `Abdullah and Abu Musa:


He sat before the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: Apostle of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her.
The Prophet () said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which '''Religious ignorance will spread''', knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."}}
Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.}}


===Satellite Communications===
*In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance).
It's a similar prophecy to "family ties will be severed", this hadith is often mistranslated (also the hadith is weak):
*in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands"
{{Quote|Tabrani, al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr 10/228 and Mu'jan al-Awsat 4861 (da'eef)|
*Muhammad noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he predicted similar outcomes for Muslims in many instances.
“From among the signs of Qiyamah is that people will maintain ties with '''distant relatives and strangers''' (الأطباق) but sever ties with close family.”
}}
The word الأطباق (''al-atbaaq'') is today sometimes translated as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites".


*[https://hadithanswers.com/is-satellite-communication-a-sign-of-qiyamah/ Fatwa against the modern interpretation]
===Learning for something other than Islam===
{{Quote|Al-Shawkani, Nayl al-Awtar 8/262 (hasan li-ghayrihi)|
إذا اتُّخِذَ الفَيْءُ دُوَلًا والأمانةُ مَغْنَمًا والزكاةُ مَغْرَمًا وتُعُلِّمَ لغيرِ الدِّينِ وأطاع الرجلُ امرأتَه وعَقَّ أُمَّه وأَدْنَى صديقَه وأَقْصَى أباه وظَهَرَتِ الأصواتُ في المساجدِ وساد القبيلةَ فاسِقُهُم وكان زعيمُ القومِ أَرْذَلَهم وأُكْرِمَ الرجلُ مَخَافةَ شرِّه وظَهَرَتِ القِيَانُ والمعازفُ وشُرِبَتِ الخُمورُ ولَعَن آخِرُ هذه الأمةِ أولَها فلْيَرْتَقِبُوا عند ذلك رِيحًا حمراءَ وزَلْزَلَةً وخَسْفًا ومَسْخًا وقَذْفًا وآياتٍ تُتَابَعُ كنِظامٍ بالٍ قُطِعَ سِلْكُه فتتابع بعضُه بعضًا


===Automobiles (actually camels with lofty saddles)===
When spoiles of war are distributed; and property given in trust will be considered as booty for oneself; Zakat will be looked upon as a fine; '''learning for other than the religion'''; a man will obey his wife and disobey his mother; a man will bring his friends nearer and drive his father far off; noises will be raised in the masjids; the most wicked of a tribe will become its ruler; the most worthless member of a people will become its leader; a man will be honoured for fear of the evil he may do; singing girls and musical instruments will come into vogue; drinking of wine will become common; and the later generations will begin to curse the previous generations; then wait, for red violent winds, earthquakes, swallowing up by the earth, defacement (of human faces), pelting of stones from the skies as rain, and a continuing chain of disasters followed one by another, like beads of a necklace falling one after the other rapidly when its string is cut.  
Muhammad forbade riding on ''mayathir'' (مياثر), so mayathir were something already known:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|74|253}}|
..He forbade us to drink from silver utensils, to wear gold rings, '''to ride on silken saddles (ركوب المياثر)''', to wear silk clothes..
}}
}}
Secular knowledge for secular purposes was studied before Islam.


There is a prophecy about people riding on mayathir at the end of times:
===Tall buildings===
{{Quote|al-Mustadrak 4 / 436 (hasan)|
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||1|1|63}} <ref>https://sunnah.com/urn/1250630</ref>|
سَيَكُونُ فِي آخِرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ رِجَالٌ يَرْكَبُونَ عَلَى الْمَيَاثِرِ حَتَّى يَأْتُوا أَبْوَابَ مَسَاجِدِهِمْ
وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ


They will mount their mayaathir until they come to the doors of their mosques
..and when '''you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds''' competing in constructing tall buildings
}}
}}The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids. The desire and ability to construct tall buildings appears to has been common in history.
Albani explained:
 
{{Quote|Tafsir by Albani|
There were people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari:
the word mayaathir is the plural of meetharah and Ibn al-Athir described it as, “… smooth and soft, made out of silk or a silk brocade [heavy silk] which the rider places beneath him on the saddle on top of the camel.
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar: Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī|
يتطاول الناس في البنيان وهي من العلامات التي وقعت عن قرب في زمن النبوة
 
"The people are [competing in] building tall buildings" - and that's from the signs which '''happened close at the time of the prophethood'''
}}
}}


And a re-iteration of the same prophecy:
Muslims could afford building tall buildings after they got rich from early Islamic conquests.
{{Quote|Musnad Ahmad 654/11 (hasan)|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|70|576}}|
يكون في آخر أمتي رجال يركبون على سرج كأشباه الرحال ينزلون على أبواب المساجد نساؤهم كاسيات عاريات
Narrated Qais bin Abi Hazim:


In the last [part] of my nation there will be men who ride on '''saddles that resemble packsaddles''' (سرج كأشباه الرحال). They will alight at the doors of the mosques.  Their women are clothed but naked.  On their heads are [what appears to be] like the humps of [lean] camels.  Curse them for they are cursed. If there were a nation from the nations to come after you, your women would serve them, just as the women of the nations that were before you served you.
We went to pay a visit to Khabbab (who was sick) and he had been branded (cauterized) at seven places in his body. He said, "Our companions who died (during the lifetime of the Prophet) left (this world) without having their rewards reduced through enjoying the pleasures of this life, but '''we have got (so much) wealth that we find no way to spend It except on the construction of buildings''' .Had the Prophet not forbidden us to wish for death, I would have wished for it.' We visited him for the second time while he was building a wall. '''He said: A Muslim is rewarded (in the Hereafter) for whatever he spends except for something that he spends on building'''."
}}
}}
* سَرْج means "saddlebag; packsaddle; saddle; pigskin; pillion" <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AC/</ref>
* رَحْل means "Either of a pair of a bags laid over the back of a horse - saddlebag; packsaddle; saddle". <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84/</ref>


===Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]===
Some add that theses buildings were described as being "as high as mountains", but that hadith is mawqoof (not from Muhammad). It was a saying of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr and it was after Muslims became rich from early Islamic conquests, so they could likely imagine themselves building tall in Mecca. Also the hadith is da'eef:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|184}}|
{{Quote|Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah, Hadith: 14306 (da'eef or hasan)|
Narrated `Abdullah and Abu Musa:
Sayyiduna '''‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr''' (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) is reported to have said: “……When you see tunnels/canals being dug in Makkah Mukarramah and the buildings (of Makkah Mukarramah) higher than the peak of the mountains then know that Qiyamah is close.”
}}


The Prophet () said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which '''Religious ignorance will spread''', knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."}}
*[https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/247118/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9 Fatwa] (Arabic) says that since it's not from Muhammad, it shouldn't even be called a hadith.


*In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance).
===Mosques full of hypocrites===
*in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands"
{{Quote|Ibn Abi Shaybah: Kitab al-Iman 101 (sahih)|
*Muhammad noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he predicted similar outcomes for Muslims in many instances.
عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عَمرو قال : يأتي على الناس زمانٌ ، يجتمِعون ويُصلُّون في المساجدِ ، وليس فيهم مؤمنٌ


===Learning for something other than Islam===
A time will come on people when they get together and pray in mosques and isn't among them a single believer
{{Quote|Al-Shawkani, Nayl al-Awtar 8/262 (hasan li-ghayrihi)|
}}
إذا اتُّخِذَ الفَيْءُ دُوَلًا والأمانةُ مَغْنَمًا والزكاةُ مَغْرَمًا وتُعُلِّمَ لغيرِ الدِّينِ وأطاع الرجلُ امرأتَه وعَقَّ أُمَّه وأَدْنَى صديقَه وأَقْصَى أباه وظَهَرَتِ الأصواتُ في المساجدِ وساد القبيلةَ فاسِقُهُم وكان زعيمُ القومِ أَرْذَلَهم وأُكْرِمَ الرجلُ مَخَافةَ شرِّه وظَهَرَتِ القِيَانُ والمعازفُ وشُرِبَتِ الخُمورُ ولَعَن آخِرُ هذه الأمةِ أولَها فلْيَرْتَقِبُوا عند ذلك رِيحًا حمراءَ وزَلْزَلَةً وخَسْفًا ومَسْخًا وقَذْفًا وآياتٍ تُتَابَعُ كنِظامٍ بالٍ قُطِعَ سِلْكُه فتتابع بعضُه بعضًا


When spoiles of war are distributed; and property given in trust will be considered as booty for oneself; Zakat will be looked upon as a fine; '''learning for other than the religion'''; a man will obey his wife and disobey his mother; a man will bring his friends nearer and drive his father far off; noises will be raised in the masjids; the most wicked of a tribe will become its ruler; the most worthless member of a people will become its leader; a man will be honoured for fear of the evil he may do; singing girls and musical instruments will come into vogue; drinking of wine will become common; and the later generations will begin to curse the previous generations; then wait, for red violent winds, earthquakes, swallowing up by the earth, defacement (of human faces), pelting of stones from the skies as rain, and a continuing chain of disasters followed one by another, like beads of a necklace falling one after the other rapidly when its string is cut.  
Praying hypocrites were also mentioned in the Bible:
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Matthew 6:5|
“And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others.
}}
}}
Secular knowledge for secular purposes was studied before Islam.


===Tall buildings===
The military nature of Islam's spread may have encouraged this type of hypocrisy:
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||1|1|63}} <ref>https://sunnah.com/urn/1250630</ref>|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|30}}|
وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ
It is reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said:


..and when '''you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds''' competing in constructing tall buildings
I have been commanded to fight against people so long as they do not declare that there is no god but Allah, and he who professed it was guaranteed the protection of his property and life on my behalf except for the right affairs rest with Allah.
}}The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids. The desire and ability to construct tall buildings appears to has been common in history.
}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|260}}|
Narrated `Ikrima:


There were people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari:
`Ali burnt some people and this news reached Ibn `Abbas, who said, "Had I been in his place I would not have burnt them, as the Prophet () said, 'Don't punish (anybody) with Allah's Punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him.' "
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar: Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī|
يتطاول الناس في البنيان وهي من العلامات التي وقعت عن قرب في زمن النبوة
 
"The people are [competing in] building tall buildings" - and that's from the signs which '''happened close at the time of the prophethood'''
}}
 
Muslims could afford building tall buildings after they got rich from early Islamic conquests. And Muhammad was already condemning excessive building during his life, which suggests that this was taking place.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|70|576}}|
Narrated Qais bin Abi Hazim:
 
We went to pay a visit to Khabbab (who was sick) and he had been branded (cauterized) at seven places in his body. He said, "Our companions who died (during the lifetime of the Prophet) left (this world) without having their rewards reduced through enjoying the pleasures of this life, but '''we have got (so much) wealth that we find no way to spend It except on the construction of buildings''' .Had the Prophet not forbidden us to wish for death, I would have wished for it.' We visited him for the second time while he was building a wall. '''He said: A Muslim is rewarded (in the Hereafter) for whatever he spends except for something that he spends on building'''."
}}
}}
Some add that theses buildings were described as being "as high as mountains", but that hadith is mawqoof (not from Muhammad). It was a saying of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr and it was after Muslims became rich from early Islamic conquests, so they could likely imagine themselves building tall in Mecca. Also the hadith is da'eef:
{{Quote|Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah, Hadith: 14306 (da'eef or hasan)|
Sayyiduna '''‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr''' (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) is reported to have said: “……When you see tunnels/canals being dug in Makkah Mukarramah and the buildings (of Makkah Mukarramah) higher than the peak of the mountains then know that Qiyamah is close.”
}}
* [https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/247118/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9 Fatwa] (Arabic) says that since it's not from Muhammad, it shouldn't even be called a hadith.


===Voices raised in mosques===
===Voices raised in mosques===
Line 928: Line 966:
}}
}}
The "to you" was added by the translators to indicate that it is the last hour (death) of the people who asked, however this qualification is entirely absent in the Arabic text.
The "to you" was added by the translators to indicate that it is the last hour (death) of the people who asked, however this qualification is entirely absent in the Arabic text.
====The Hour will come before a 7th century slave becomes old====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|188}}|
...In the meantime, a slave of Al-Mughira passed by, and he was of the same age as I was. The Prophet (ﷺ) said. "If this (slave) should live long, he will not reach the geriatric old age, but the Hour will be established."
}}


====Nothing will live one hundred years from now====
====Nothing will live one hundred years from now====
The "tonight" in ''italic'' was added by translators to accommodate the later re-interpretation:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|116}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|116}}|
أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ لَيْلَتَكُمْ هَذِهِ، فَإِنَّ رَأْسَ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مِنْهَا لاَ يَبْقَى مِمَّنْ هُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الأَرْضِ أَحَدٌ
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:


Once the Prophet (ﷺ) led us in the `Isha' prayer during the last days of his life and after finishing it (the prayer) (with Taslim) he said: "Do you realize (the importance of) this night?" Nobody present on the surface of the earth tonight will be living after the completion of one hundred years from this night."
Once the Prophet (ﷺ) led us in the `Isha' prayer during the last days of his life and after finishing it (the prayer) (with Taslim) he said: "Do you realize (the importance of) this night?" Nobody present on the surface of the earth ''tonight'' will be living after the completion of one hundred years from this night."
}}
}}
When the prophecy failed 100 years later, Muslims re-interpreted it:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|10|575}}|
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:
The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed one of the `Isha' prayer in his last days and after finishing it with Taslim, he stood up and said, "Do you realize (the importance of) this night? Nobody present on the surface of the earth tonight would be living after the completion of one hundred years from this night." '''The people made a mistake in grasping the meaning of this statement of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and they indulged in those things which are said about these narrators (i.e. some said that the Day of Resurrection will be established after 100 years etc.)''' But the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Nobody present on the surface of earth tonight would be living after the completion of 100 years from this night"; he meant "When that century (people of that century) would pass away."
}}
====If 10 scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth====
====If 10 scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|39|6711}}|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|39|6711}} (Muhsin Khan translation)|
لَوْ تَابَعَنِي عَشْرَةٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ لَمْ يَبْقَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهَا يَهُودِيٌّ إِلاَّ أَسْلَمَ
 
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:


If ten scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth who would not embrace Islam.
If ten ''scholars'' of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth who would not embrace Islam.
}}
}}
The Arabic original doesn't say "ten Jewish scholars", but only "ten Jews" (عشرة من اليهود).


====30 false prophets before the Hour====
====30 false prophets before the Hour====
Line 994: Line 1,052:
See also Dhul-Qarnayn's story in the Quran, where this possibility is further confirmed, as the Sun is described to set in a muddy spring at the "farthest part" of the world":
See also Dhul-Qarnayn's story in the Quran, where this possibility is further confirmed, as the Sun is described to set in a muddy spring at the "farthest part" of the world":


*[[Dhul-Qarnayn]]
*[[Category:Dhul-Qarnayn|Dhul-Qarnayn]]


====Stones and trees say to Muslims: "here is a Jew behind me; come and kill him"====
====Stones and trees say to Muslims: "here is a Jew behind me; come and kill him"====
Line 1,025: Line 1,083:
}}
}}


[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_(tribe) Qahtan] still exists.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_(tribe) Qahtan] still exists, but the prophecy remains unfulfilled. <ref>https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/418273/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9</ref>


====A man called Jahjah will occupy the throne====
====A man called Jahjah will occupy the throne====
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You have heard about a city, one side of which is on land and the other is in the sea ('''Constantinople'''). They said: Allah's Messenger, yes. Thereupon he said: The Last Hour would not come unless seventy thousand persons from Bani lshaq would attack it. When they would land there, '''they will neither fight with weapons nor would shower arrows but would only say: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest," ''' and one side of it would fall. Thaur (one of the narrators) said: I think that he said: The part by the side of the ocean. Then they would say for the second time: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest" and the second side would also fall, and they would say: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest," and the gates would be opened for them and they would enter therein and, they would be collecting spoils of war and distributing them amongst themselves when a noise would be heard saying: Verily, Dajjal has come. And thus they would leave everything there and go back.
You have heard about a city, one side of which is on land and the other is in the sea ('''Constantinople'''). They said: Allah's Messenger, yes. Thereupon he said: The Last Hour would not come unless seventy thousand persons from Bani lshaq would attack it. When they would land there, '''they will neither fight with weapons nor would shower arrows but would only say: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest," ''' and one side of it would fall. Thaur (one of the narrators) said: I think that he said: The part by the side of the ocean. Then they would say for the second time: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest" and the second side would also fall, and they would say: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest," and the gates would be opened for them and they would enter therein and, they would be collecting spoils of war and distributing them amongst themselves when a noise would be heard saying: Verily, Dajjal has come. And thus they would leave everything there and go back.
}}
}}
Constantinople was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople conquered in 1453] by fighting, the Dajjal didn't appear and the city was renamed to Istanbul, so literally Constantinople no longer exists.


====Conquest of Rome====
====Conquest of Rome====
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What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about '''the conquest of India has not happened up till now''', but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh.
What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about '''the conquest of India has not happened up till now''', but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh.
}}
}}
====No more Khosrau and Caesar====
In Muhammad's time, the ruler of Persia was called Khosrau and the ruler of the Byzantine empire Caesar.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|267}}|
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Khosrau will be ruined, and there will be no Khosrau after him, and Caesar will surely be ruined and there will be no Caesar after him, and you will spend their treasures in Allah's Cause." He called, "War is deceit'.
}}
There are many examples of this prophecy failing for both [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khosrow Kusrau] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_(title) Caesar]. For example:
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khusrau_Shah Khusrau Shah] was the king of the Justanids in the 10th century
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khusrau_Khan Khusrau Khan] was the Sultan of Delhi in the 14th century
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Doukas_(Caesar) John Doukas] was a Caesar of the Byzantine empire in the 11th century
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror Mehmed the Conqueror] - a 15h century Muslim conqueror, also called himself Caesar
The prophecy is probably referring to the 7th century Islamic conquests. The prediction in Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.


====Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims====
====Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims====
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The Roman empire dissolved without the realization of this prophecy.
The Roman empire dissolved without the realization of this prophecy.
====Western people will triumphally follow the truth until the Hour====
{{Quote|Sahih Muslim 20:4722|
It has been narrated by Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
The people of the West will continue to triumphantly follow the truth until the Hour is established.
}}


====Twelve caliphs====
====Twelve caliphs====
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Out of Aden-Abyan will come 12000, giving victory to the (religion of) Allah and His Messenger. They are the best between me and them.
Out of Aden-Abyan will come 12000, giving victory to the (religion of) Allah and His Messenger. They are the best between me and them.
}}
====Group of Muslims will remain victorious until Allah's order====
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|92|414}}|
Narrated Al-Mughira bin Shu`ba:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "A group of my follower swill remain predominant (victorious) till Allah's Order (the Hour) comes upon them while they are still predominant (victorious).
}}
====Ninety-nine dragons in infidel's grave until the Hour====
{{Quote|Mishkat al-Masabih 134 (Hasan according to Zubair Alizai, Daeef according to Albani)|
Abu Sa'id reported God’s messenger as saying, “Ninety-nine dragons will be given power over an infidel in his grave, and will bite and sting him till the last hour comes. If one of those dragons were to breathe over the earth, it would bring forth no green thing."
Darimi transmitted it, and Tirmidhi transmitted something similar, but he said seventy instead of ninety-nine.
}}
====Periods of fitnah====
{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 4242 (sahih)|
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
When we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), he talked about periods of trial (fitnahs), mentioning many of them.
When he mentioned the one when people should stay in their houses, some asked him: Messenger of Allah, what is the trial (fitnah) of staying at home?
He replied: It will be flight and plunder. Then will come a test which is pleasant. Its murkiness is due to the fact that it is produced by a man from the people of my house, who will assert that he belongs to me, whereas he does not, for my friends are only the God-fearing. Then the people will unite under a man who will be like a hip-bone on a rib. Then there will be the little black trial which will leave none of this community without giving him a slap, and when people say that it is finished, it will be extended. During it a man will be a believer in the morning and an infidel in the evening, so that the people will be in two camps: the camp of faith which will contain no hypocrisy, and the camp of hypocrisy which will contain no faith. When that happens, expect the Antichrist (Dajjal) that day or the next.
}}
====Inheritance is not distributed====
{{Quote|Sahih Muslim Book 41, Hadith 6927|
لاَ تَقُومُ حَتَّى لاَ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثٌ وَلاَ يُفْرَحَ بِغَنِيمَةٍ
..The Last Hour would not come until shares of '''inheritance are not distributed''' and there is no rejoicing over spoils of war...
}}
====People don't rejoice over spoils of war====
{{Quote|Sahih Muslim Book 41, Hadith 6927|
لاَ تَقُومُ حَتَّى لاَ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثٌ وَلاَ يُفْرَحَ بِغَنِيمَةٍ
..The Last Hour would not come until shares of inheritance are not distributed and '''there is no rejoicing over spoils of war'''...
}}
}}


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The fastest Arab tribe in extinction is Quraysh. Soon a woman will pass by a sandal, then she will say that this is a sandal of a Qurashi.
The fastest Arab tribe in extinction is Quraysh. Soon a woman will pass by a sandal, then she will say that this is a sandal of a Qurashi.
}}
====Arabs will be exterminated and go to hell====
Hadith da'eef:
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah  Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 3967 (da'eef) and others|
It was narrated from ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“There will be a tribulation which will utterly destroy the Arabs, and those who are slain will be in Hell. At that time the tongue will be worse than a blow of the sword.”
}}
}}


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}}
}}
Polytheism has become less popular with time.
Polytheism has become less popular with time.
====People will worship goddesses Lat and Uzza again====
The goddesses [[Lat]] and [[Uzza]] were worshiped by Arabs before the Islamic conquest of Arabia.
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6945}}|
'A'isha reported:
I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: '''The (system) of night and day would not end until the people have taken to the worship of Lat and 'Uzza'''. I said: Allah's Messenger, I think when Allah has revealed this verse:" He it is Who has sent His Messenger with right guidance, and true religion, so that He may cause it to prevail upon all religions, though the polytheists are averse (to it)" (ix. 33), it implies that (this promise) is going to be fulfilled. Thereupon he (Allah's Apostle) said: It would happen as Allah would like. Then Allah would send the sweet fragrant air by which everyone who has even a mustard grain of faith in Him would die and those only would survive who would have no goodness in them. And they would revert to the religion of their forefathers.
}}
====All believers will be killed by a wind from Allah and only evil people (= non-Muslims) will survive====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6945}}|
'A'isha reported:
I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: The (system) of night and day would not end until the people have taken to the worship of Lat and 'Uzza'. I said: Allah's Messenger, I think when Allah has revealed this verse:" He it is Who has sent His Messenger with right guidance, and true religion, so that He may cause it to prevail upon all religions, though the polytheists are averse (to it)" (ix. 33), it implies that (this promise) is going to be fulfilled. Thereupon he (Allah's Apostle) said: It would happen as Allah would like. '''Then Allah would send the sweet fragrant air by which everyone who has even a mustard grain of faith in Him would die''' and those only would survive who would have no goodness in them. And they would revert to the religion of their forefathers.
}}
====Killing neighbors and family members====
====Killing neighbors and family members====
{{Quote|al-Adab al-Mufrad 118 (classified as "very good" by Albani)|
{{Quote|al-Adab al-Mufrad 118 (classified as "very good" by Albani)|
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For death no man can hold back Though he drink the perfumed potions of the quack.  
For death no man can hold back Though he drink the perfumed potions of the quack.  
}}
====Milking, clothes and tank before the Hour====
{{Quote|Sahih Muslim 41:7054|
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:
The Last Hour would come (so sudden) that a person would be milking the she- camel and the (milk) would not reach the brim of the vessel that the Last Hour would come, and the two persons would be engaged in buying and selling of the clothes and their bargain would not be struck before the Last Hour would come. And someone would be setting his tank in order and he would have hardly set it right when the Last Hour would come.
}}
}}


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}}
}}


Gog and Magog are described in the hadith and Quran as tribes on Earth blocked by a big iron wall, erected by [[Dhul-Qarnayn]], that will be unlocked at the end of times. There are supposed to be so many of them that they will drink the entire lake of Tiberias (Sea of Galilee) dry.
Gog and Magog are described in the hadith and Quran as tribes on Earth blocked by a big iron wall, erected by  
[[Category:Dhul-Qarnayn|Dhul-Qarnayn]]
, that will be unlocked at the end of times. There are supposed to be so many of them that they will drink the entire lake of Tiberias (Sea of Galilee) dry.


====Gog and Magog will successfully dig through the wall====
====Gog and Magog will successfully dig through the wall====
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External:
External:


* [https://www.marefa.org/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 List of Muhammad's prophecies] (Arabic)
*[https://www.marefa.org/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 List of Muhammad's prophecies] (Arabic)
*[https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Biblical_prophecies#Criteria_for_a_true_prophecy RationalWiki: Biblical prophecies, Criteria for a true prophecy] (could be analogically applied to Islamic prophecies)
*[https://detechter.com/15-ancient-hindu-predictions-that-have-come-true/#List_of_15_Ancient_Hindu_Prophecy_From_Bhagavata_Purana 15 Hindu predictions] - ''Comparing and contrasting Islamic prophecies with those of other religions' scriptures predictions is instructive''
*[https://detechter.com/15-ancient-hindu-predictions-that-have-come-true/#List_of_15_Ancient_Hindu_Prophecy_From_Bhagavata_Purana 15 Hindu predictions] - ''Comparing and contrasting Islamic prophecies with those of other religions' scriptures predictions is instructive''


==References==
==References==


[[Category:Islamic Prophecies]]
[[Category:Prophecies]]
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Hadith]]
[[Category:Miracles]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Sacred history]]
[[Category:Eschatology]]
[[Category:Revelation]]
[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
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