List of Genocides, Cultural Genocides and Ethnic Cleansings under Islam: Difference between revisions

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|  || Bantu people (Christians, Muslims and Traditional African religion) || Jubba Valley || {{nameandflag|Somalia}}  || Somali militias || 1991 onwards ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Besteman/ |title=Genocide in Somalia’s Jubba Valley and Somali Bantu Refugees in the U.S. |publisher=Social Science Research Council |author=Catherine L. Besteman |date=April 9 2007 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160327033104/http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Besteman/ |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|  || Bantu people (Christians, Muslims and Traditional African religion) || Jubba Valley || {{nameandflag|Somalia}}  || Somali militias || 1991 onwards ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Besteman/ |title=Genocide in Somalia’s Jubba Valley and Somali Bantu Refugees in the U.S. |publisher=Social Science Research Council |author=Catherine L. Besteman |date=April 9 2007 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160327033104/http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Besteman/ |deadurl=no}}</ref>


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|  || Christians ||  || {{nameandflag|Somalia}} || Al Shabab || 2005 onwards ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/node/14707279 |title=Somalia's embattled Christians: Almost expunged |publisher=The Economist |author= |date= |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160413054603/http://www.economist.com/node/14707279 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
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No. Name Region Country Who was Responsible Period Notes
1 Arab polytheists Arabian peninsula Saudi Arabia Flag of Saudi Arabia.png 600s AD
2 Jews Arabian peninsula 600s AD
3 Christians Arabian peninsula 600s AD
Traditional Berber religion North Africa Arab Muslims
Zoroastrians Persia Arab and Persian Muslims
Hindus Afghanistan
Buddhists Afghanistan
Dards Kashmir and northern Pakistan India Flag of India.png, Pakistan Flag of Pakistan.png Arab invaders, Swat princely state c. 700 AD and 1858-1969 Most Dards were converted to Islam[1][2]


Hindus and Buddhists Gandhara Afghanistan Flag of Afghanistan.png Mahmud of Ghazni 998-1030 Mass conversions and coercions.[3]
Buddhists Bihar India Flag of India.png Bakhtiyar Khilji c.1197-1203 Famous Buddhist monasteries and universities were also destroyed[4][5][6]
Christians Anatolia Turkey Flag of Turkey.png Muslim Turks
Buddhists Maldives Flag of Maldives.png c. 1200s onwards


Kanuri people Kanem empire Chad Flag of Chad.png, Nigeria Flag of Nigeria.png, Cameroon Flag of Cameroon.png Dunama Dabbalemi 1203 to 1243 All Kanuris converted to Islam as a result of a jihad.[7][8]
Mongol converts to Islam[9] Delhi India Flag of India.png Alauddin Khilji 1298 15,000-30,000 were killed
Hindus Kashmir India Flag of India.png, Pakistan Flag of Pakistan.png Sikandar Butshikan 1389-1413 [10][11]
Assyrian Christians Bohtan and Hakkari Iraq Flag of Iraq.png, Turkey Flag of Turkey.png Badr Khan and Nurallah of Hakkari 1843-47 More than 1000 Christians were killed.[12] The Muslim armies destroyed several villages and took prisoners as war booty.[13]
Maronite Christians Mount Lebanon Lebanon Flag of Lebanon.png Ottoman Empire 1915-1918 The Ottomans deliberately cut off food supplies to the Maronites in order to feed their military.[14]
Polytheists Kafiristan Afghanistan Flag of Afghanistan.png 1890s
Alevi Kurds Dersim Turkey Flag of Turkey.png 1937-38 13,000-40,000 killed.[15]
Tibetans Qinghai Province China Flag of China.png Ma Bufang and his Muslim soldiers 1932-41 The motive was ethnic cleansing of Tibetans and destruction of their culture, resulting in thousands of casualties.[16][17][18][19][20]
Hindus Pakistan Flag of Pakistan.png 1947-present
Hindus Bangladesh Flag of Bangladesh.png 1947-present


Egyptian Jews Egypt Flag of Egypt.png 1948-1957
Iraqi and Kurdish Jews Iraq Flag of Iraq.png 1950s-1969 [21]
East Timor Flag of East Timor.png Indonesia Flag of Indonesia.png 1975-1999 Described as a genocide


Chakma, Marma, Tripuri and other indigenous people Chittagong Hill Tracts Bangladesh Flag of Bangladesh.png Bangladeshi army and Muslim settlers 1977-1997 [22][23]
Kashmiri Pandits Kashmir valley India Flag of India.png Kashmiri Muslim mobs and Pakistani terrorists 1989-2001
Isaaq clan (Muslim) of Somalis Somalia Flag of Somalia.png Siad Barre 1988-1990 50,000-100,000 killed (possibly up to 200,000)[24][25][26][27]
Bantu people (Christians, Muslims and Traditional African religion) Jubba Valley Somalia Flag of Somalia.png Somali militias 1991 onwards [28]


Christians Somalia Flag of Somalia.png Al Shabab 2005 onwards [29]


Assyrians Iraq Flag of Iraq.png 1933-2014 [30][31][32]
Yazidis Iraqi Kurdistan Iraq Flag of Iraq.png ISIS 2014-
Arab Christians, Levantines, Armenians, Arameans, Assyrians (Syriacs or Chaldeans) and Copts Iraq Flag of Iraq.png, Syria Flag of Syria.png, Libya Flag of Libya.png ISIS 2014- At least 1000 casualties.[33] Described as a genocide by EU.[34][35][36][37]



Key:

  • No color: Non-Muslims targeted
  • Light green: Predominantly Muslims targeted
  • Orange: Both Muslims and Non-Muslims targeted

References

  1. ↑ "Swat: an Afghan society in Pakistan : urbanisation and change in tribal environment", City Press, https://books.google.com/books?id=p_9tAAAAMAAJ&q=dard+people+swati&dq=dard+people+swati&lr=&cd=1. 
  2. ↑ "Living in the high mountain valleys, the Nuristani retained their ancient culture and their religion, a form of ancient Hinduism with many customs and rituals developed locally. Certain deities were revered only by one tribe or community, but one deity was universally worshipped by all Nuristani as the Creator, the Hindu god Yama Raja, called imr'o or imra by the Nuristani tribes. Around 700 CE, Arab invaders swept through the region now known as Afghanistan, destroying or forcibly converting the population to their new Islamic religion. Refugees from the invaders fled into the higher valleys to escape the onslaught. In their mountain strongholds, the Nuristani escaped conversion conversion to Islam and retained their ancient religion and culture. The surrounding Muslim peoples used the name Kafir, meaning "unbeliever" or "infidel," to describe the independent Nuristani tribes and called their highland homeland Kafiristan.", Minahan, James B., "Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia" (in English), ABC-CLIO, p. 205, ISBN 9781610690188 
  3. ↑ Afghanistan: a new history By Martin Ewans Edition: 2, illustrated Published by Routledge, 2002, Page 15, ISBN 0-415-29826-1, ISBN 978-0-415-29826-1
  4. ↑ Ishwari Prasad, Medieval India (Allahabad, Fourth Publication, 1940), p.138.
  5. ↑ The Indian Antiquary, Vol. IV, pp.366-67.
  6. ↑ Habibullah, Abul Barkat Muhammad. The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India. (Allahabad, 1961). p.147.
  7. ↑ Barkindo, Bawuro, "The early states of the Central Sudan: Kanem, Borno and some of their neighbours to c. 1500 A.D.", in: J. Ajayi und M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, vol. I, 3. ed. Harlow 1985, 225-254.
  8. ↑ "Three Continents, One History: Birmingham, the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Caribbean", p. 18, by Clive Harris.
  9. ↑ Smith, Vincent A. The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Chapter 2, pp 231-235, Oxford University Press.
  10. ↑ Kaw, K.; Kashmir Education, Culture, and Science Society (2004). Kashmir and Its People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. ISBN 9788176485371. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  11. ↑ Haidar Malik Chãdurãh. Tãrîkh-i-Kashmîr. edited and translated into English by Razia Bano, Delhi, 1991. p. 55.
  12. ↑ Gaunt, D; Beṯ-Şawoce, J (2006), Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I, Gorgias Press LLC, ISBN 978-1-59333-301-0. p. 32.
  13. ↑ Aboona, Hirmis (2008), Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: intercommunal relations on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire, Cambria Press, ISBN 978-1-60497-583-3. pp.218-219
  14. ↑ Harris, William (2012). Lebanon: A History, 600–2011. Oxford University Press. pp. 173–179. ISBN 9780195181111.
  15. ↑ David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition p. 209, I.B.Tauris, 2004. ISBN 1850434166.
  16. ↑ Rab-brtan-rdo-rje (Ñag-roṅ-pa.) (translated by Jamyang Norbu) (1979). Horseman in the snow: the story of Aten, an old Khampa warrior. Information Office, Central Tibetan Secretariat. p. 134.
  17. ↑ Jamyang Norbu (1986). Warriors of Tibet: the story of Aten, and the Khampas' fight for the freedom of their country. Wisdom Publications. p. gbooks says 46, (the actual paper says 146). ISBN 0-86171-050-9.
  18. ↑ Hsaio-ting Lin (1 January 2011). Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928-49. UBC Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-7748-5988-2.
  19. ↑ David S. G. Goodman (2004). China's campaign to "Open up the West": national, provincial, and local perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 0-521-61349-3.
  20. ↑ Bulag, Uradyn Erden (2002). Dilemmas The Mongols at China's edge: history and the politics of national unity. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 54. ISBN 0-7425-1144-8.
  21. ↑ Republic of fear: the politics of modern Iraq By Kanan Makiya, chapter 2 "A World of Fear", University of California 1998
  22. ↑ Nagendra K. Singh (2003). Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 222–223. ISBN 81-261-1390-1.
  23. ↑ Shelley, Mizanur Rahman (1992). The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: The untold story. Centre for Development Research, Bangladesh. p. 129.
  24. ↑ Peifer, Douglas C. (in en). Stopping Mass Killings in Africa: Genocide, Airpower, and Intervention. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 9781437912814, 2009-05-01. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tOgOwSXB164C&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=50,000&source=bl&ots=gDxdHZNEgV&sig=tQB8KBkmIN2qBGzghefetUE7ITo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwig3YSDnsjRAhVI1BoKHbKaBUEQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=50,000%20isaaq%20deaths&f=false. 
  25. ↑ Straus, Scott (in en). Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801455674, 2015-03-24. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mKWiBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT149&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi17-PMzMzRAhXLVhoKHZERA3w4ChDoAQg-MAc#v=onepage&q=%22large%20systematic%20scale%22&f=false. 
  26. ↑ Jones, Adam (in en). Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity. Zed Books. ISBN 9781842771914, 2017-01-22. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZybbAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=By+then,+any+surviving+urban+Isaaks+-. 
  27. ↑ "Investigating genocide in Somaliland", http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/02/investigating-genocide-somaliland-20142310820367509.html. 
  28. ↑ Catherine L. Besteman, "Genocide in Somalia’s Jubba Valley and Somali Bantu Refugees in the U.S.", Social Science Research Council, April 9 2007 (archived), http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Besteman/. 
  29. ↑ "Somalia's embattled Christians: Almost expunged", The Economist (archived), http://www.economist.com/node/14707279. 
  30. ↑ http://www.aina.org/articles/contestednations.pdf
  31. ↑ http://www.aina.org/reports/ig.pdf
  32. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/06/religion.iraq
  33. ↑ "At least a thousand Christians have been killed. Hundreds of thousands have fled.", "As Christians Flee, Governments Pressured To Declare ISIS Guilty Of Genocide", NPR, 24 December 2015, http://www.npr.org/2015/12/24/460906980/as-christians-flee-governments-pressured-to-declare-isis-guilty-of-genocide 
  34. ↑ 2014. Seven Egyptian Christians found shot execution-style on Libyan beach Reuters.
  35. ↑ Moore, Jack. "European Parliament Recognizes ISIS Killing of Religious Minorities as Genocide", February 4, 2016. 
  36. ↑ Kaplan, Michael. "ISIS Genocide Against Christians, Yazidis? European Parliament Recognizes Islamic State Targeting Religious Minorities", February 4, 2016. “The European Parliament characterized the persecution as "genocide" Thursday.” 
  37. ↑ JOINT MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION, European Parliament.

See also

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