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Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions
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Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an (view source)
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This article lists all occurrences of the words ''iman'' (إِيمَٰن) and ''kufr'' (كُفْر) in the Qur'an. The purpose is to analyze the claim (miracle) that they both appear 25 times without the genitive | {{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=2|Content=2|Language=2|References=1}} | ||
This article lists all occurrences of the Arabic words ''iman'' (إِيمَٰن) and ''kufr'' (كُفْر) in the Qur'an. ''Iman'' means faith or belief, ''kufr'' means disbelief or infidelity. The purpose is to analyze the claim (miracle) that they both appear 25 times when counting without the genitive forms. | |||
==Arabic grammar== | ==Arabic grammar== | ||
In order to count genitive forms we have to know how to determine whether a word is in the genitive. | In order to count genitive forms we have to know how to determine whether a word is in the genitive. | ||
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===Genitive=== | ===Genitive=== | ||
Whether the word is in the nominative, accusative or genitive form depends on diacritics on the third letter of the root. So r (ر) in ''kufr'' and n (ن) in ''iman''. | Whether the word is in the nominative, accusative or genitive form depends on diacritics on the third letter of the root.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_cases.html |title=Arabic case system |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122114458/http://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_cases.html |deadurl=no}} </ref> So ''r'' (ر) in ''kufr'' and ''n'' (ن) in ''iman''. | ||
To put it very simply: | To put it very simply: | ||
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** بِكُفْرِهِمْ -- ''bi-kuf'''ri'''him'' - for their disbelief | ** بِكُفْرِهِمْ -- ''bi-kuf'''ri'''him'' - for their disbelief | ||
=== | ===Possessive pronouns as suffixes=== | ||
Words like "her", "my", "their" in Arabic are suffixed to the word. For example the suffix ''-him'' (هم) means "their". So ''kufrihim'' (كُفْرِهِمْ) is "their disbelief". The word بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ (bi-imaa'''ni'''hinna, "of their faith") is genitive, because the root letter is in the middle and the ''-hinna'' is just a suffix meaning (feminine) "their". This word ended on ''-na'', but it had ''-ni-'' in the middle (the root letter) and it is genitive, so don't just look at the last letter of the word to determine whether it is genitive. | Words like "her", "my", "their" in Arabic are suffixed to the word. For example the suffix ''-him'' (هم) means "their". So ''kufrihim'' (كُفْرِهِمْ) is "their disbelief". The word بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ (bi-imaa'''ni'''hinna, "of their faith") is genitive, because the root letter is in the middle and the ''-hinna'' is just a suffix meaning (feminine) "their". This word ended on ''-na'', but it had ''-ni-'' in the middle (the root letter) and it is genitive, so don't just look at the last letter of the word to determine whether it is genitive. | ||
===Conjunctions as prefixes=== | |||
English words like "and", "for", "with" are prefixed to the word in the Arabic language: | |||
* "and" is prefixed as ''waw-'' (و) | |||
* "for" or "to" is prefixed as ''li-'' (ل) | |||
* "with" or "in" is prefixed as ''bi-'' (ب) | |||
==Iman== | ==Iman== | ||
The genitive | The genitive case is actually not needed here to be recognized. In fact, we will see that apologists didn't exclude the genitive forms for this word count. They excluded the words with the suffixes like "their", "her" and "his" and they just call them "genitive". | ||
The occurrences with suffixed possessive pronouns are counted in the "Translation" column. | |||
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable" | ||
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We have 45 forms, when we exclude the 24 genitive ones, we get 21 occurrences. | We have 45 forms, when we exclude the 24 genitive ones, we get 21 occurrences. | ||
However when we exclude the 20 forms with possessive suffixes, we get 25 occurrences. | However when we exclude the 20 forms with possessive pronoun suffixes, we get the 25 occurrences. | ||
==Kufr== | ==Kufr== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
(*) This occurrence (39:7) is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness": | (*) This occurrence (39:7) is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness": | ||
* | * Yusuf Ali: "If ye reject (Allah), Truly Allah hath no need of you; but He liketh not '''ingratitude''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') from His servants: if ye are grateful, He is pleased with you.." | ||
* Shakir: "If you are ungrateful, then surely Allah is Self-sufficient above all need of you; and He does not like '''ungratefulness''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') in His servants.." | |||
* "If you are ungrateful, then surely Allah is Self-sufficient above all need of you; and He does not like '''ungratefulness''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') in His servants.." | * Dr. Ghali: "In case you disbelieve, then surely Allah is Ever-Affluent (Literally: Ever-Rich) to do without you, and He is not satisfied with '''disbelief''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') from His bondmen. And in case you thank (Him), He is satisfied with it for you.." | ||
* "In case you disbelieve, then surely Allah is Ever-Affluent (Literally: Ever-Rich) to do without you, and He is not satisfied with '''disbelief''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') from His bondmen. And in case you thank (Him), He is satisfied with it for you.." | * Pickthall: "If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with '''thanklessness''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you.." | ||
* "If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with '''thanklessness''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you.." | |||
We have 36 forms. When we exclude the 17 genitive forms, we get 19 occurrences. | We have 36 forms. When we exclude the 17 genitive forms, we get 19 occurrences. | ||
However when we exclude the 11 forms with possessive suffixes we get 25 occurrences. | However when we exclude the 11 forms with possessive pronoun suffixes we get the 25 occurrences. | ||
17:89, | |||
There is also the word ''kufoor'' (كفور) from the same root which is translated as "disbelief" or "ungratefulness" and was not counted: | |||
* Verse 17:89 "And We have certainly diversified for the people in this Qur'an from every [kind] of example, but most of the people refused [anything] except disbelief (كُفُورًا , ''kufooran'')." | |||
==Conclusions== | ==Conclusions== | ||
* The word ''iman'' appears '''45''' times in all its forms and the word ''kufr'' appears '''36''' times in all its forms | * The word ''iman'' appears '''45''' times in all its forms and the word ''kufr'' appears '''36''' times in all its forms | ||
* When the genitive form is not counted, ''iman'' appears '''21''' times and ''kufr'' '''19''' times. | * When the genitive form is not counted, ''iman'' appears '''21''' times and ''kufr'' '''19''' times. | ||
* When the forms with suffixes like "their", "her", "his" are excluded, then both ''iman'' and ''kufr'' have '''25''' occurrences. | * When the forms with possessive pronoun suffixes like "their", "her", "his" are excluded, then both ''iman'' and ''kufr'' have '''25''' occurrences. | ||
** In this word count, the words with various prefixes are counted, and also the words with the letter ا (''alif'') at the end of the word, are counted. So these occurrences cannot be called "basic forms" in any way and this method of counting and excluding words is very specific and questionable | ** In this word count, the words with various prefixes are counted, and also the words with the letter ا (''alif'') at the end of the word, are counted. So these occurrences cannot be called "basic forms" in any way and this method of counting and excluding words is very specific and questionable. | ||
** This word count includes the occurrence in the verse 39:7 which is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness" and not "disbelief" | ** This word count includes the occurrence in the verse 39:7 which is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness" and not "disbelief" | ||
** This word count does not include occurrences of the word ''kufoor'' which are sometimes translated as "disbelief" | |||
** By now it is worth noting how many words are being excluded to arrive at the number 25. This is hardly miraculous; it looks as if a Muslim apologist can select or ignore any occurrences of a word or meaning according to his/her convenience, just to get to the desired number. This is a type of fallacy called [[w:Cherry picking|cherry picking]]. | |||
** If Allah intended this word count miracle, then what is its meaning? Is belief equal to disbelief? Shouldn't belief have something like a double word count? And why we do have to exclude some forms to get the miraculous word count? | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an]] | |||
* [[365 days miracle in the Quran]] | |||
* [[12 months miracle in the Quran]] | |||
* [[Dunya and akhira word count in the Qur'an]] | |||
* [[Land to water ratio miracle in the Qur'an]] | |||
* [[Man and woman word count in the Qur'an]] | |||
* [[Paradise and hell word count in the Qur'an]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Miracles]] | [[Category:Miracles]] | ||
[[Category:Qur'an]] | |||
[[Category:Arabic]] | |||