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Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace): Difference between revisions
Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace) (view source)
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The following year Sheikh Bakri clarified his stance regarding Dar al-Harb, and in an article posted on the Al-Muhajiroun website he appeared to dissentfrom the Al-Qaeda perspective on jihad against those Muslims who do not put Shari'a into practice. He asserted that it was vital for Muslims to establish the Khilafah ([[Caliph|Caliphate]]), and explained that jihad becomes a religious obligation only "when the enemy enters Muslim land, such as Palestine, Chechnya, Kosova or Kashmir." Bakri also argued that the Islamic concepts of Dar al-Islam versus Dar al-Harb no longer apply, meaning that the implicit obligation of Muslims to wage war on Dar al-Harb is no longer applicable. He argued that the concept of Dar al-Islam implies the existence of a Khilafah and that because there is no Khilafah nowadays (since the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in March 1924), there is no Dar al-Islam to carry out jihad aimed at imperial conquest and, consequently, no Dar al-Harb. Nevertheless, he continued, that when the kuffar (infidels) occupy Muslim land, then this occupied land becomes, to all practical purposes, Dar Al-Harb, and Muslims are required to fight for its liberation, "as in Palestine, Chechnya, Bosnia, etc." Such territories may also be defined, he suggested, as ''Dar al-Ghasab'' ("Abode of Usurpation"). Among such territories he listed Kashmir, Palestine and Northern Spain.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP43502 Islamist Leader in London: No Universal Jihad As Long As There is No Caliphate] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch - No. 435, October 30, 2002</ref> | The following year Sheikh Bakri clarified his stance regarding Dar al-Harb, and in an article posted on the Al-Muhajiroun website he appeared to dissentfrom the Al-Qaeda perspective on jihad against those Muslims who do not put Shari'a into practice. He asserted that it was vital for Muslims to establish the Khilafah ([[Caliph|Caliphate]]), and explained that jihad becomes a religious obligation only "when the enemy enters Muslim land, such as Palestine, Chechnya, Kosova or Kashmir." Bakri also argued that the Islamic concepts of Dar al-Islam versus Dar al-Harb no longer apply, meaning that the implicit obligation of Muslims to wage war on Dar al-Harb is no longer applicable. He argued that the concept of Dar al-Islam implies the existence of a Khilafah and that because there is no Khilafah nowadays (since the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in March 1924), there is no Dar al-Islam to carry out jihad aimed at imperial conquest and, consequently, no Dar al-Harb. Nevertheless, he continued, that when the kuffar (infidels) occupy Muslim land, then this occupied land becomes, to all practical purposes, Dar Al-Harb, and Muslims are required to fight for its liberation, "as in Palestine, Chechnya, Bosnia, etc." Such territories may also be defined, he suggested, as ''Dar al-Ghasab'' ("Abode of Usurpation"). Among such territories he listed Kashmir, Palestine and Northern Spain.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP43502 Islamist Leader in London: No Universal Jihad As Long As There is No Caliphate] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch - No. 435, October 30, 2002</ref> | ||
====Israel==== | ====Israel and Palestine==== | ||
{{Quote|1=Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi, head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, 2003|2=The martyrdom operations carried out by the Palestinian factions to resist the Zionist occupation are not in any way included in the framework of prohibited terrorism, even if the victims include some civilians... | {{Quote|1=Sheikh Yousef Al-Qaradhawi, head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, 2003|2=The martyrdom operations carried out by the Palestinian factions to resist the Zionist occupation are not in any way included in the framework of prohibited terrorism, even if the victims include some civilians [...] It has been determined by Islamic law that the blood and property of people of Dar Al-Harb [the Domain of Disbelief where the battle for the domination of Islam should be waged] is not protected.<ref>[http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=sd&ID=SP54203 Al-Qaradhawi Speaks In Favor of Suicide Operations at an Islamic Conference in Sweden] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch - No. 542, July 24, 2003</ref>}} | ||
{{Quote|1=Dr. Sheikh 'Ali Gum'a, Egyptian Mufti, 2003|2=The Zionists themselves do not differentiate between civilian and military personnel. They have set the entire people to military service. The civilian settler who occupies land in a state of war is a ''Harbi'' [that is, a non-Muslim living in an area regarded as 'Dar | {{Quote|1=Dr. Sheikh 'Ali Gum'a, Egyptian Mufti, 2003|2=The Zionists themselves do not differentiate between civilian and military personnel. They have set the entire people to military service. The civilian settler who occupies land in a state of war is a ''Harbi'' [that is, a non-Muslim living in an area regarded as 'Dar al-Harb,' the 'domain of war,' in which Islam does not dominate and must therefore be fought until Islam dominates it]. Besides, everyone in Israel, civilians and military personnel, bear arms. That is, they are 'Ahl al-Qital' [that is, those who deserve to be fought].<ref>[http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=sd&ID=SP58003 The New Egyptian Mufti - Dr. Sheikh 'Ali Gum'a: Opinions About Jihad, Supporting Suicide Bombings, and Forbidding Muslims in the U.S. Military From Fighting Other Muslims] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch - No. 580, October 1, 2003</ref>}} | ||
When asked '''"Is it permitted to kill an Israeli traveling outside the borders of his land?"''' Sheikh 'Ali Gum'a replied: | When asked '''"Is it permitted to kill an Israeli traveling outside the borders of his land?"''' Sheikh 'Ali Gum'a replied: | ||
{{Quote|2=Yes, it is permitted to kill him, because he is a Harbi and the Harbi spreads corruption throughout the face of the earth.}} | {{Quote|2=Yes, it is permitted to kill him, because he is a Harbi and the Harbi spreads corruption throughout the face of the earth.}} | ||
In 2008, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei issued a decree to act against Israel, which he called "an infidel that should be warred against" (Kafer-e-Harbi ) because of the "slaughter of the Palestinian Muslims" and the "plunder of Islamic lands". He stated: "All Palestinian fighters and all believers in the Islamic world must help the defenseless [Palestinian] women, children, and people in Gaza. Anyone who dies in this legitimate and sacred defense is a shahid [martyr]."<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP216908 Khamenei Decrees: Israel is Kafer-e-Harbi; Iranian Martyrdom Seekers Await Khameini's Orders; Iranian Student Organizations Threaten to Take Over Egyptian, Jordanian Diplomatic Representations] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch - No. 2169, December 31, 2008</ref> | In 2008, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei issued a decree to act against Israel, which he called "an infidel that should be warred against" (Kafer-e-Harbi) because of the "slaughter of the Palestinian Muslims" and the "plunder of Islamic lands". He stated: "All Palestinian fighters and all believers in the Islamic world must help the defenseless [Palestinian] women, children, and people in Gaza. Anyone who dies in this legitimate and sacred defense is a shahid [martyr]."<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP216908 Khamenei Decrees: Israel is Kafer-e-Harbi; Iranian Martyrdom Seekers Await Khameini's Orders; Iranian Student Organizations Threaten to Take Over Egyptian, Jordanian Diplomatic Representations] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch - No. 2169, December 31, 2008</ref> | ||
====Dagestan==== | ====Dagestan==== | ||
On December 13, 2006, Islamist websites posted | On December 13, 2006, Islamist websites posted an hour-long video from the Caucasus, produced by Nuriddin Media, entitled "Dar al-Harb of Dagestan." The video, which contained many disturbing images, compelled MEMRI to edit out certain clips. | ||
{{Quote||The video shows the Russian military, with its heavy weaponry, tanks, and planes bombing residential areas in Dagestan, and afterwards shows mujahideen firing heavy volleys at unseen targets. Then, to a song of "I am a terrorist, I strike fear in the enemies of the religion," the video shows mujahideen butchering one captive after another. | {{Quote||The video shows the Russian military, with its heavy weaponry, tanks, and planes bombing residential areas in Dagestan, and afterwards shows mujahideen firing heavy volleys at unseen targets. Then, to a song of "I am a terrorist, I strike fear in the enemies of the religion," the video shows mujahideen butchering one captive after another. | ||
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====Afghanistan==== | ====Afghanistan==== | ||
{{Quote|1=Gulboddin Hekmatyar, Afghan Islamist leader of a militia that joined the Taliban and Al-Qa'ida<br>in a "holy war" against all international and peacekeeping forces in Afghanistan, 2002|2=American forces are guarding the presidential palace and foreign forces are in control of all the airports in the country. We think that it is not permissible under the shari'a to cooperate with the occupiers. It is also not permissible to join this government, because it is an agent government. Islam does not permit a Muslim to live in submission under infidels and aggressors. I think that Afghanistan is currently categorized as a 'Domain of War' [Dar Al-Harb]. All Afghans must remove the invading forces from their country. It is not possible for us to reach a dialogue now with those who supported the United States, because there will be no benefit in establishing contact and dialogue with them. They sided with the Russians in the past and received weapons and financial aid from them.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP45503 Interview With Afghan Islamist Leader On Jihad Against U.S.] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch, No. 455, January 3, 2003</ref | {{Quote|1=Gulboddin Hekmatyar, Afghan Islamist leader of a militia that joined the Taliban and Al-Qa'ida<br>in a "holy war" against all international and peacekeeping forces in Afghanistan, 2002|2=American forces are guarding the presidential palace and foreign forces are in control of all the airports in the country. We think that it is not permissible under the shari'a to cooperate with the occupiers. It is also not permissible to join this government, because it is an agent government. Islam does not permit a Muslim to live in submission under infidels and aggressors. I think that Afghanistan is currently categorized as a 'Domain of War' [Dar Al-Harb]. All Afghans must remove the invading forces from their country. It is not possible for us to reach a dialogue now with those who supported the United States, because there will be no benefit in establishing contact and dialogue with them. They sided with the Russians in the past and received weapons and financial aid from them.<ref>[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP45503 Interview With Afghan Islamist Leader On Jihad Against U.S.] - MEMRI: Special Dispatch, No. 455, January 3, 2003</ref>}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Dhimmitude]] | *[[Dhimmitude]] | ||
*[[Jihad in Islamic Law]] | |||
*[[Khilafah (Caliphate)]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||