Allahu a'alam (God Knows Best): Difference between revisions

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Allah knows best, in Arabic الله اعلم (''Allahu A'alam'', literally "Allah knew"), is an Islamic phrase that finds frequent usage in Islamic literature such as the [[tafsir]]. It is often used as a reply to questions about the history of the Islamic narrative that are difficult to answer and questions that cast a doubt on the truthfulness or authenticity of Islam.
Allah knows best, in Arabic الله أعلم (''Allahu 'alam'', literally "Allah knew"), is an Islamic phrase that finds frequent usage in Islamic literature such as the [[tafsir]]. In Arabic as a whole it is used in instances where the speaker does not know the answer to a particular question. In Islamic historical and theological writing it is often used as a reply to questions about the history of the Islamic narrative that are difficult to answer and questions that cast a doubt on the truthfulness or authenticity of Islam.  


==The phrase in Arabic==
==The phrase in Arabic==
The phrase, though originating in Islamic discourse, has become very common in all registers of Arabic. It used by people of all religious persuasions to indicate that a particular question has no answer which is known to the speaker. An example outside of a religious context might be a scientist speaking about what happened before the big bang in modern cosmology--modern mathematical models take us to the very earliest microseconds before the explosion of the singularity, however they cannot tell us anything about where the singularity came from or what it was doing, if anything, before the explosion; as most modern cosmological models also explain that time itself began with the big bang, the question of "what was before the big bang" lacks meaning as it would normally be understood. As such, when asked about such a thing which is basically unknowable to modern science, a cosmologist might answe "allahu 'alam" "God knows" id est I don't know, an admission of lack of knowledge.
The phrase, though originating in Islamic discourse, has become very common in all registers of Arabic. It used by people of all religious persuasions to indicate that a particular question has no answer which is known to the speaker. An example outside of a religious context might be a scientist speaking about what happened before the big bang in modern cosmology--modern mathematical models take us to the very earliest microseconds before the explosion of the singularity, however they cannot tell us anything about where the singularity came from or what it was doing, if anything, before the explosion; as most modern cosmological models also explain that time itself began with the big bang, the question of "what was before the big bang" lacks meaning as it would normally be understood. As such, when asked about such a thing which is basically unknowable to modern science, an Arabic speaking cosmologist might answer "allahu 'alam" "God (only) knows" id est I don't know, an admission of lack of knowledge.


==In the Qur'an==
==Uses In the Qur'an==
The Qur'an uses Allahu A'alam a lot. It is often used as "'''wa-'''Allahu A'alam" meaning "'''and''' Allah knows best" (conjunctions are prefixed to words in Arabic).
The Qur'an uses Allahu A'alam frequently. It is often used as "'''wa-'''Allahu A'alam" meaning "'''and''' Allah knows best." "wa" literally means "and" in Arabic but its use is considerably wider and carries more shades of meaning than in English.


===Allah knows things===
===Allah knows about people===
He knows difference between the two genders:
He knows difference the genders of babies better than their own mothers:
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|36}}|So when she brought forth, she said: My Lord! Surely I have brought it forth a female-- and '''Allah knew best''' what she brought forth-- and the male is not like the female, and I have named it Marium, and I commend her and her offspring into Thy protection from the accursed Shaitan.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|36}}|So when she brought forth, she said: My Lord! Surely I have brought it forth a female-- and '''Allah knew best''' what she brought forth-- and the male is not like the female, and I have named it Marium, and I commend her and her offspring into Thy protection from the accursed Shaitan.}}


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===Allah knows better than people===
===Allah knows better than people===
He knows that Abraham, Ishmael and Jacob were neither Jews nor Christians (though scholars Judaism consider them to have been Jews):
He knows that Abraham, Ishmael and Jacob were neither Jews nor Christians (secular scholars tend to see them as totally mythological):  
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|140}}|Nay! do you say that Ibrahim and Ismail and Yaqoub and the tribes were Jews or Christians? Say: Are you better knowing or Allah? And who is more unjust than he who conceals a testimony that he has from Allah? And Allah is not at all heedless of what you do.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|140}}|Nay! do you say that Ibrahim and Ismail and Yaqoub and the tribes were Jews or Christians? Say: Are you better knowing or Allah? And who is more unjust than he who conceals a testimony that he has from Allah? And Allah is not at all heedless of what you do.}}


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Joseph believes that Allah knows that what some people said is false:
Joseph believes that Allah knows that what some people said is false:
{{Quote|{{Quran|12|77}}|They said: If he steal, a brother of his did indeed steal before; but Yusuf kept it secret in his heart and did not disclose it to them. He said: You are in an evil condition and Allah knows best what you state.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|12|77}}|Said the brothers: "If he has stolen (no wonder), his brother had stolen before." But Joseph kept this secret and did not disclose it to them, and said (to himself): "You are worse in the degree of evil, for God knows better of what you allege."
}}


==="Allah knows best" excuses===
==="Allah knows best" in response to critics===
In some verses, "Allah knows best" seems to be an excuse used by Muhammad against the critics of his religion.
In some verses, "Allah knows best" seems to be an excuse used by the Qur'an against its critics.


People wanted to get some message directly from Allah, not via Muhammad, to be sure that Muhammad is not making it all up. But Muhammad reveals, that "Allah knows best" and then threatens the people with punishment.
In this example, the unnamed critics wanted to get some message directly from Allah, not via the messengers. But the Qur'an "reveals" that "Allah knows best" and then threatens the people with punishment.
{{Quote|{{Quran|6|124}}|And when a communication comes to them they say: We will not believe till we are given the like of what Allah´s messengers are given. '''Allah best knows''' where He places His message. There shall befall those who are guilty humiliation from Allah and severe chastisement because of what they planned.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|6|124}}|And when a communication comes to them they say: We will not believe till we are given the like of what Allah´s messengers are given. '''Allah best knows''' where He places His message. There shall befall those who are guilty humiliation from Allah and severe chastisement because of what they planned.}}


People wondered why the Qur'an is [[Contradictions in the Quran|full of contradictions]] and why it needs an [[abrogation]] principle. Muhammad responds by revealing that "Allah knows best and you don't".
People wondered why the message seems [[Contradictions in the Quran|full of contradictions]] and why it needs an [[abrogation]] principle. The Qur'an responds by revealing that "Allah knows best and you don't".
{{Quote|{{Quran|16|101}}|And when We change (one) communication for (another) communication, and '''Allah knows best''' what He reveals, they say: You are only a forger. Nay, most of them do not know.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|16|101}}|And when We change (one) communication for (another) communication, and '''Allah knows best''' what He reveals, they say: You are only a forger. Nay, most of them do not know.}}


Jews knew some religious stories. They asked Muhammad to ask Allah to reveal to him those stories, so that they can compare them and if his stories are the same as theirs, then Muhammad is the messenger of god. One part of those stories was information about how long did dwellers of Ephesus in a cave dwell. Muhammad [[Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Quran|revealed 309, which was incorrect]]. So then he revealed that "Allah knows best":
In this example, the Jews knew some religious stories. They asked for Allah to reveal to them those stories, so that they can compare them and if his stories are the same as theirs, and ascertain if Muhammad is the messenger of god. One part of those stories was information about how long did the companions of the cave dwell in their cave. Muhammad [[Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Quran|revealed 309, which was incorrect]]. So in response came the verse "Allah knows best":
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|26}}|Say: '''Allah knows best''' how long they remained; to Him are (known) the unseen things of the heavens and the earth; how clear His sight and how clear His hearing! There is none to be a guardian for them besides Him, and He does not make any one His associate in His Judgment.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|26}}|Say: '''Allah knows best''' how long they remained; to Him are (known) the unseen things of the heavens and the earth; how clear His sight and how clear His hearing! There is none to be a guardian for them besides Him, and He does not make any one His associate in His Judgment.}}


Muhammad revealed a command for Muslims to use the phrase to respond to critics of Islam:
The Qur'an gives a command for Muslims to use the phrase to respond to critics of Islam:
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|68}}|And if they contend with you, say: '''Allah best knows''' what you do.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|68}}|And if they contend with you, say: '''Allah best knows''' what you do.}}
However that verse was abrogated, according to the scholars, as stated in Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Now Muslims shouldn't respond with "Allah knows best", rather they should respond by engaging in war:
However that verse was abrogated, according to the scholars, as stated in Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Now Muslims shouldn't respond with "Allah knows best", rather they should respond by engaging in war:
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==In the tafsir==
==In the tafsir==
In the early tafsirs on the verse 68:1, we can read about [[The Islamic Whale|the whale]], called ن (Nun), which carries the Earth on its back <ref>Tanwir Al-Miqbas: "And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Nun): '(Nun) He says: Allah swears by the Nun, which is the whale that carries the earths on its back while in Water, and beneath which is the Bull and under the Bull is the Rock and..."</ref>. However in the tafsir Al-Jalalayn, from the 15th century, the interpretation changed (for some reason) to "Allah knows best":
In the early tafsirs on the verse 68:1, we can read about [[The Islamic Whale|the whale]], called ن (Nun), which carries the Earth on its back <ref>Tanwir Al-Miqbas: "And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Nun): '(Nun) He says: Allah swears by the Nun, which is the whale that carries the earths on its back while in Water, and beneath which is the Bull and under the Bull is the Rock and..."</ref>. However in the tafsir Al-Jalalayn, from the 15th century, apparently uncomfortable with this explanation, simply says of it "Allah knows best":
{{quote|Al-Jalalayn on 68:1|Nūn is one of the letters of the alphabet. '''God knows best''' what He means by it.}}
{{quote|Al-Jalalayn on 68:1|﴿ن﴾ أحَد حُرُوف الهِجاء اللَّه أعْلَم بِمُرادِهِ بِهِ ﴿والقَلَم﴾ الَّذِي كَتَبَ بِهِ الكائِنات فِي اللَّوْح المَحْفُوظ ﴿وما يَسْطُرُونَ﴾ أيْ المَلائِكَة مِن الخَيْر والصَّلاح
 
Nūn is one of the letters of the alphabet. '''God knows best''' what He means by it. "And the pen" which writes the (fate) of all beings on the preserved board. "and what it writes" id est the angels from goodness and soundness."}}


==Comfort in Ignorance==
==Comfort in Ignorance==
Saying "Allah knows best" instead of "I don't know" or "I am not sure" makes people more comfortable in their ignorance.  
On of the reasons Intelligent Design is not accepted by the community of scientific biologists is because it stifles further inquiry, according to evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins <ref>Dawkins Richard,  The God Delusion, p.126, London: Bantam Press, 2006</ref>. The idea that "god did it" and "god knows the answer" smothers inquiry by taking away the impetus for further investigation. Saying "Allah knows best" instead of "I don't know" or "I am not sure" effectively makes people more comfortable in their ignorance, and is thus inimical to the scientific method which always seeks to ask questions where mysteries remain.  


One of the most notable atheists in the 21th century said:
Dawkins sums up the scientific opposition to the "allahu 'alam" culture of Islam saying:
{{quote|Richard Dawkins|“I am against religion because it teaches us to be satisfied with not understanding the world.”
{{quote|1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gTYFolrpNU&t=522s God Under The Microscope]|2=“It worries me about religion that it teaches people to be satisfied with not understanding.”}}
}}


"Allah knows best" is sometimes used as a response to questions from the critics of Islam.
"Allah knows best" is sometimes used as a response to questions from the critics of Islam.
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The phrase is also used as an "explanation" of some things in Islam which don't make sense or if they are in conflict with science. One example was already discussed, regarding the tafsir Al-Jalalayn on the verse 68:1.
The phrase is also used as an "explanation" of some things in Islam which don't make sense or if they are in conflict with science. One example was already discussed, regarding the tafsir Al-Jalalayn on the verse 68:1.


==See Also==
==See also==


*[[Allahu Akbar]]
*[[Inshallah (If Allah Wills)]]
*[[In Sha Allah]]
*[[Allahu Akbar (God is Greater)]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
[[Category:Tafsir]]
[[Category:Tafsir]]
[[Category:Islamic phrases]]
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