All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith: Difference between revisions

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This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi].
This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in [[Old Hijazi]]. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi].


Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.
Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.


The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include diacritic marks (signs) which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a diacritical mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:
The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include marks which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:


{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}|
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَكْفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّۢ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ


So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}}
So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}}
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وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ
وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ


Old Hijazi: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...
Old Hijazi: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;  wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...


Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}}
Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}}


'''The Rhyming Quality'''


The rhymes discovered via the application of Old Hijazi to the Qur'anic Consonantal Text (QCT) can be broken down into two categories or types of rhymes:
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''


'''High quality:''' This type of rhyme occurs when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant, e.g.:
1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.


عليم حكيم  ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations)
2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples  where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences.


The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect:
<br />
 
Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m
 
'''Normal quality:''' This type of rhyme occurs when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants, e.g.:
 
عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations)
 
The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant
 
 
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''


1- Individual instances. This includes 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. Including repeated instances there are 94 such instances. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that this articles includes only the strongest 22 unique instances, however there are many more than this.
==A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==


2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 counting repeated occurenses.


<br />
<big>'''A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:'''</big>


==A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5
<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5


Old Hijazi:           wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>.
Old Hijazi:           wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>.
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7


Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn.
Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn.


Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.
Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.
Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn.




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ <u>هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ</u> ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾</span> Q2:102
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ <u>هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ</u> ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾</span> Q2:102


OH: harūt wa mārūt
OH: harūt wa mārūt
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ <u>بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾</span> Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ <u>بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾</span> Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.


OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā
OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ <u>عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4


OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u>
OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u>
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166


OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-<u>asbāb</u>
OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-<u>asbāb</u>


CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-<u>asbāb</u>
CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾ<u>asbāb</u>




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا <u>‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ</u> صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:171
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا <u>‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ</u> صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:171


OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā
OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿شَهْرُ <u>رَمَضَانَ</u> الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ <u>الْقُرْآنُ</u> هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى <u>وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ</u> فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى <u>سَفَرٍ</u> فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ <u>أُخَرَۗ</u> يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي <u>قَرِيبٌ</u> ۖ <u>أُجِيبُ</u> دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾</span>
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿شَهْرُ <u>رَمَضَانَ</u> الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ <u>الْقُرْآنُ</u> هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى <u>وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ</u> فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى <u>سَفَرٍ</u> فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ <u>أُخَرَۗ</u> يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي <u>قَرِيبٌ</u> ۖ <u>أُجِيبُ</u> دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾</span>


Q2:185,186  
Q2:185,186  


OH:  shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> ǝl-ladhi unzil fīh <u>ǝl-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min ǝl-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkum ǝsh-shahr failyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd ǝllah bikum ǝl-yusr walā yurīd bikum ǝl-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.
OH:  shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> al-ladhi unzil fīhu <u>l-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.


CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.
CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي <u>الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ</u> وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾</span>  Q2:247
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي <u>الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ</u> وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾</span>  Q2:247


OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.
OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ <u>‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾</span>  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ <u>‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾</span>  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19


OH: khayrā kathīrā.
OH: khayrā kathīrā.
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو <u>‌عُسْرَةٍ</u> <u>‌فَنَظِرَةٌ</u> إِلَى <u>مَيْسَرَةٍۚ</u> وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:280
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو <u>‌عُسْرَةٍ</u> <u>‌فَنَظِرَةٌ</u> إِلَى <u>مَيْسَرَةٍۚ</u> وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:280


OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.
OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.
Line 143: Line 131:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌<u>أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا</u> ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾</span>  Q3:30
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌<u>أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا</u> ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾</span>  Q3:30


OH: amadā baʕīdā
OH: amadā baʕīdā
Line 150: Line 138:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q3:63
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q3:63


OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn
OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16


OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn
OH: ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>


CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn
CA: ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَاللَّهُ عَ<u>لِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q3:115, 9:44
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ عَ<u>لِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q3:115, 9:44


OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn
OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155


OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ǝsh-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
OH: yawm altaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ash-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…


CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181


OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.


CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَكُلُوهُ <u>هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا</u>۝﴾</span> Q4:4  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَكُلُوهُ <u>هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا</u>۝﴾</span> Q4:4  


OH: haniyyā mariyyā.
OH: haniyyā mariyyā.
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌<u>بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span>  Q5:19
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌<u>بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span>  Q5:19


OH: min <u>bashīr</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.
OH: min <u>bashīr</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَهُمْ ‌<u>يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝</span>  Q6:26
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَهُمْ ‌<u>يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝</span>  Q6:26


OH:  yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh.
OH:  yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh.
Line 206: Line 194:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ</u> ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ</u> ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56


OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.
OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.
Line 213: Line 201:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌<u>الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ</u> وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾</span>  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌<u>الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ</u> وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾</span>  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22


OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.
OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.
Line 220: Line 208:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ <u>‌حَمِيمٍ</u> وَعَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:70 Q10:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ <u>‌حَمِيمٍ</u> وَعَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:70 Q10:4


OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā…
OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā…
Line 227: Line 215:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ <u>‌الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span> Q8:41
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ <u>‌الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span> Q8:41


OH: yawma l-<u>furqān</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.
OH: yawma l-<u>furqān</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.
Line 234: Line 222:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q9:21
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q9:21


OH: naʕīm muqīm.
OH: naʕīm muqīm.
Line 241: Line 229:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌<u>هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ</u> بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾</span>   Q9:109
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌<u>هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ</u> بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾</span>   Q9:109


OH: hār fanhār …
OH: hār fanhār …
Line 248: Line 236:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌<u>نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌<u>نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188  


OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.
OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.
Line 255: Line 243:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌<u>حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌<u>حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.


OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā.
OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā.
Line 262: Line 250:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌<u>مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span> Q12:22
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌<u>مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span> Q12:22


OH: makīn amīn
OH: makīn amīn
Line 269: Line 257:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42


OH: wasayaʕlam <u>ǝl-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
OH: wasayaʕlam <u>al-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>


CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌<u>خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q16:4, 36:77
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌<u>خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q16:4, 36:77


OH: khaṣīm mubīn
OH: khaṣīm mubīn
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌<u>سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q16:75
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌<u>سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q16:75


OH: sirrā wajahrā
OH: sirrā wajahrā
Line 290: Line 278:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌<u>أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرً</u>ا۝﴾</span>   Q17:9  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌<u>أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرً</u>ا۝﴾</span>   Q17:9  


OH: ajrā kabīrā
OH: ajrā kabīrā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.


OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā
OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> ‌وَخَيْرٌ <u>‌عُقْبًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q18:44
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> ‌وَخَيْرٌ <u>‌عُقْبًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q18:44


OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wakhayr <u>ʕuqbā</u>
OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wakhayr <u>ʕuqbā</u>
Line 311: Line 299:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ <u>صَابِرًا</u> ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ <u>‌أَمْرًا۝</u>﴾</span>   Q18:69
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ <u>صَابِرًا</u> ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ <u>‌أَمْرًا۝</u>﴾</span>   Q18:69


OH: ṣābirā...amrā
OH: ṣābirā...amrā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا</u>۝﴾</span> Q19:27
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا</u>۝﴾</span> Q19:27


OH: shayyā fariyyā
OH: shayyā fariyyā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q20:112  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q20:112  


OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā
OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā
Line 332: Line 320:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌<u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q21:90
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌<u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q21:90


OH: raghabā warahabā
OH: raghabā warahabā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>‌بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q22:25
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>‌بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q22:25


OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm…
OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm…
Line 346: Line 334:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا <u>‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q25:14
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا <u>‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q25:14


OH: thubūrā kathīrā
OH: thubūrā kathīrā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91


OH: wa burrizat <u>ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>
OH: wa burrizat <u>al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>


CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>
CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي <u>أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ</u> ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾</span>  Q27:40
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي <u>أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ</u> ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾</span>  Q27:40


OH: aashkur am akfur
OH: aashkur am akfur
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41


OH: wa inn awhan <u>ǝl-buyūt</u> labayt <u>ǝl-ʕankabūt</u>
OH: wa inn awhan <u>al-buyūt</u> labayt <u>al-ʕankabūt</u>


CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>
CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى <u>‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا</u> كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ <u>وَقْرًا</u> ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾</span> Q31:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى <u>‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا</u> كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ <u>وَقْرًا</u> ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾</span> Q31:7


OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u>
OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u>
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾</span>   Q31:19
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾</span>   Q31:19


OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik
OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik
Line 388: Line 376:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ <u>قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q33:38
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ <u>قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q33:38


OH: qadarā maqdūrā
OH: qadarā maqdūrā
Line 395: Line 383:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q33:41  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q33:41  


OH: dhikrā kathīrā  
OH: dhikrā kathīrā  
Line 402: Line 390:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ <u>‌مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ <u>‌مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.


OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> walā yakād <u>yabīn</u>
OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> walā yakād <u>yabīn</u>
Line 409: Line 397:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q56:3
 
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah
 
CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah
 
 
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes


OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾</span>   Q56:33
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾</span>   Q56:33


OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah
OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾</span>  Q56:37
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾</span>  Q56:37


OH: ʕurubā atrābā
OH: ʕurubā atrābā
Line 430: Line 425:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span>   Q57:25
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span>   Q57:25


OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ…
OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ…
Line 437: Line 432:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ <u>‌مُنْكَرًا</u> ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ <u>وَزُورًا</u> ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾</span>  Q58:2
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ <u>‌مُنْكَرًا</u> ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ <u>وَزُورًا</u> ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾</span>  Q58:2


OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u>
OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u>
Line 444: Line 439:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ <u>‌حَسَنَةٌ</u> فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ <u>مَعَهُ</u> إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾</span>   Q60:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ <u>‌حَسَنَةٌ</u> فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ <u>مَعَهُ</u> إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾</span>   Q60:4


OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū…
OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū…
Line 451: Line 446:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَكَرُوا <u>مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q71:22
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَكَرُوا <u>مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q71:22


OH: makrā kubbārā
OH: makrā kubbārā
Line 458: Line 453:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا <u>فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q71:27
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا <u>فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q71:27


OH: fājirā kaffārā
OH: fājirā kaffārā
Line 465: Line 460:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ <u>قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا</u> ۝﴾</span> Q73:5
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ <u>قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا</u> ۝﴾</span> Q73:5


OH: qawlā thaqīlā
OH: qawlā thaqīlā
Line 472: Line 467:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ <u>خَيْرًا</u> ‌وَأَعْظَمَ <u>‌أَجْرًا</u> ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾</span>  Q73:20
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ <u>خَيْرًا</u> ‌وَأَعْظَمَ <u>‌أَجْرًا</u> ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾</span>  Q73:20


OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u>      
OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u>      
Line 479: Line 474:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q74:18
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q74:18


OH: innah <u>fakkar waqaddar</u>
OH: innah <u>fakkar waqaddar</u>
Line 486: Line 481:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q74:23
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q74:23


OH: thumm <u>adbar wastakbar</u>
OH: thumm <u>adbar wastakbar</u>
Line 493: Line 488:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا <u>شَاكِرًا</u> وَإِمَّا <u>كَفُورًا</u> ۝﴾</span> Q76:3
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا <u>شَاكِرًا</u> وَإِمَّا <u>كَفُورًا</u> ۝﴾</span> Q76:3


OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u>
OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u>
Line 500: Line 495:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ <u>لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q76:26
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ <u>لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q76:26


OH: laylā ṭawīlā
OH: laylā ṭawīlā
Line 507: Line 502:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾</span>   Q77:6
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾</span>   Q77:6


OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā
OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā
Line 514: Line 509:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌<u>بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q77:32  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌<u>بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q77:32  


OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar
OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar
Line 523: Line 518:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَجَعَلْنَا <u>سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q78:13
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَجَعَلْنَا <u>سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q78:13


OH: sirājā wahhājā
OH: sirājā wahhājā
Line 530: Line 525:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ <u>عَذَابًا</u> <u>قَرِيبًا</u> يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾</span> Q78:40
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ <u>عَذَابًا</u> <u>قَرِيبًا</u> يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾</span> Q78:40


OH: ʕadhābā qarībā
OH: ʕadhābā qarībā
Line 537: Line 532:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾</span>  Q80:28
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾</span>  Q80:28


OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā
OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā
Line 544: Line 539:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42
 
OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah
 
CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah
 
 
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q88:3


OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh
OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah


CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarh
CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher


OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah
OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah
Line 558: Line 560:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ <u>‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q104:1
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ <u>‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q104:1


OH: humazah lumazah
OH: humazah lumazah
Line 565: Line 567:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7


OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn
OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn


CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn
CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي <u>‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q111:1
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي <u>‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q111:1


OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab
OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab
Line 578: Line 580:
CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab
CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab


<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4


OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās
OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās


CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās
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<br />
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==Individual Instances of Normal-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==
'''<big>B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.</big>'''
 
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿<u>وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى</u> لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ۝﴾</span> Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى</u> لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ۝﴾</span> Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2


Old Hijazi:            <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn
Old Hijazi:            <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn
Line 597: Line 600:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌نَذِيرٌ ‌مُبِينٌ۝﴾</span>  Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌نَذِيرٌ ‌مُبِينٌ۝﴾</span>  Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49.


OH: nadhīr mubīn
OH: nadhīr mubīn
Line 604: Line 607:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌لَيَئُوسٌ ‌كَفُورٌ۝﴾</span>   Q11:9
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَيَئُوسٌ ‌كَفُورٌ۝﴾</span>   Q11:9


OH: layaūs kafūr
OH: layaūs kafūr
Line 611: Line 614:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌إِنَّ ‌أَخْذَهُ ‌<u>أَلِيمٌ ‌شَدِيدٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:102
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِنَّ ‌أَخْذَهُ ‌<u>أَلِيمٌ ‌شَدِيدٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:102


OH: alīm shadīd
OH: alīm shadīd
Line 618: Line 621:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌فِيهَا ‌<u>زَفِيرٌ ‌وَشَهِيقٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:106
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌فِيهَا ‌<u>زَفِيرٌ ‌وَشَهِيقٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:106


OH: zafīr wa shahīq
OH: zafīr wa shahīq
Line 625: Line 628:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ ‌إِنِّي ‌<u>حَفِيظٌ ‌عَلِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q12:55
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ ‌إِنِّي ‌<u>حَفِيظٌ ‌عَلِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q12:55


OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm
OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm
Line 632: Line 635:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَدْحُورًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:18
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَدْحُورًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:18


OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā
OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā
Line 639: Line 642:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَخْذُولًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:22
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَخْذُولًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:22


OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā
OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā
Line 646: Line 649:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌<u>زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q22:5, 50:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ ‌عَمَّا <u>‌قَلِيلٍ</u> ‌لَيُصْبِحُنَّ <u>‌نَادِمِينَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q23:40
 
OH: zawj bahīj
 
CA: zawjin bahīj
 
 
<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ ‌عَمَّا <u>‌قَلِيلٍ</u> ‌لَيُصْبِحُنَّ <u>‌نَادِمِينَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q23:40


OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u>
OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u>
Line 660: Line 656:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ <u>ظَلُومًا ‌جَهُولً</u>ا ۝﴾</span>  Q33:72
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ <u>ظَلُومًا ‌جَهُولً</u>ا ۝﴾</span>  Q33:72


OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā
OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā
Line 667: Line 663:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q36:73
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ</u> ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q36:73


OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib
OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib
Line 674: Line 670:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَ<u>يَئُوسٌ ‌قَنُوطٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q41:49
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَ<u>يَئُوسٌ ‌قَنُوطٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q41:49


OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ
OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ
Line 681: Line 677:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌<u>الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q44:49
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌<u>الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q44:49


OH: ant ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-karīm
OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm


CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm
CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ <u>رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q50:18
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ <u>رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q50:18


OH: raqīb ʕatīd
OH: raqīb ʕatīd
Line 695: Line 691:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:27
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:27


<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ذِي <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:78
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذِي <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:78


OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram
OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram
Line 704: Line 700:




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q56:3
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ ‌<u>كَثِيبًا ‌مَهِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>  Q73:14


OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah
OH: kathībā mahīlā


CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah
CA: kathīban mahīlā




<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q56:42
Q89:19-22


OH: samūm waḥamīm
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ <u>أَكْلًا لَمًّا</u> (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ <u>حُبًّا جَمًّا</u> (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ <u>دَكًّا دَكًّا (</u>٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ <u>صَفًّا صَفًّا</u> (٢٢) ﴾</span>


CA: samūmin waḥamīm
OH: …aklā lammā۝…ḥubbā jammā۝…dakkā dakkā۝…ṣaffā ṣaffā۝


CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝


<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ ‌<u>كَثِيبًا ‌مَهِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>  Q73:14
'''<big>C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.</big>'''


OH: kathībā mahīlā


CA: kathīban mahīlā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ ‌مِنْ ‌<u>خَيْرٍ ‌فَقِيرٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q28:24


OH: khayr faqīr


<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q88:3
CA: khayrin faqīr


OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah


CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌<u>زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q22:5, 50:7


OH: zawj bahīj


Q89:19-22
CA: zawjin bahīj


<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ <u>أَكْلًا لَمًّا</u> (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ <u>حُبًّا جَمًّا</u> (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ <u>دَكًّا دَكًّا (</u>٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ <u>صَفًّا صَفًّا</u> (٢٢) ﴾</span>


OH: …aklā lammā۝…ḥubbā jammā۝…dakkā dakkā۝…ṣaffā ṣaffā۝
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q56:42


CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝
OH: samūm waḥamīm
 
 
<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ ‌مِنْ ‌<u>خَيْرٍ ‌فَقِيرٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q28:24
 
OH: khayr faqīr
 
CA: khayrin faqīr


CA: samūmin waḥamīm
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
'''<big>A- The two words share an identical final consonant.</big>'''


===High-Quality Internal Rhymes===
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)


    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)
    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)


    al-ʕalīm ǝl-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)
    al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)


ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)
ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)


    al-ḥakīm ǝl-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)
    al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)


ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)
ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)
Line 769: Line 759:


    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)
    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)


qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)
qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)
Line 774: Line 768:
ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)
ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)


===Normal-Quality Internal Rhymes===
===B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.===
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm.
 
ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)
ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)


      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)
      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)


      al-ghafūr ǝr-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)
      al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)


ar-raḥīm ǝl-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)
ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)


ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)
ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)
Line 787: Line 783:
      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)
      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)


      al-ʕazīz ǝl-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)
      al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)


samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)
samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)


     as-samīʕ ǝl-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)
     as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)


al-ʕazīz ǝr-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)
al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)


raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)
raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)
Line 805: Line 801:
    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)
    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)


    al-ʕalīm ǝl-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)
    al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)


ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)
ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)


   al-ḥakīm ǝl-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)
   al-ḥakīm al-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)


laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)
laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)
Line 815: Line 811:
     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)
     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)


     al-laṭīf ǝl-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)
     al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)


al- azīz ǝl-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)
al- azīz al-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)


al-ʕazīz ǝl-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)  
al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)  


samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)
samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)
Line 825: Line 821:
    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)
    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)


    as-samīʕ ǝl-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)
    as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)


ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)
ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)
Line 831: Line 827:
   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)
   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)


    al-ʕalīm ǝl-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)
    al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)


ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
Line 839: Line 835:
ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)
ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)


  al- azīz ǝl-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)
  al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)


raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)
raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)
Line 847: Line 843:
shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)
shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)


al-ghafūr ǝl-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)
al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)


samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)
samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)
<br />
<br />


==A list of High-Quality Internal Rhymes in Hadith==
==Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith==
Note: Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus it wasn’t possible to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way the wikiislam team did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, we looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.
Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.




Line 867: Line 863:




The second example is from a very popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer:
The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān):


أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌<u>الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌<u>الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية
Line 891: Line 887:
Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ ‏</u>"‏ ‏.
Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ ‏</u>"‏ ‏.


OH: min <u>ǝl-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>ǝl-akhlāq</u>
OH: min <u>al-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>al-akhlāq</u>


CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u>
CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u>
Line 898: Line 894:
<ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية
<ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية


Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span>  
Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span>  


OH: ǝnfasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ
OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ


CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ
CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ
Line 918: Line 914:
<ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية
<ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية


(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.</span>  
(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.</span>  


OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih  
OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih  
Line 927: Line 923:
<ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي
<ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي


Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ ‌<u>الدُّثُورِ ‌بِالْأُجُو</u>رِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.</span>
Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ ‌<u>الدُّثُورِ ‌بِالْأُجُو</u>رِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.</span>


OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr
OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr
Line 936: Line 932:
<ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147
<ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147


Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span>
Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span>


OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min ǝl-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.
OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.


CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.
CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.
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Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌<u>الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ</u> "
Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌<u>الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ</u> "


OH: min ǝl-hamm wal-ghamm
OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm


CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm
CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm
Line 994: Line 990:
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌<u>الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌<u>الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»


OH: min <u>ǝl-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb ǝl-qabr (pause)
OH: min <u>al-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause)


CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)
CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)
Line 1,011: Line 1,007:
CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih
CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih


==External Links==
Idris AlArabi--[https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith]
==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith]

Latest revision as of 17:39, 27 February 2024

This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi. This list is taken from a blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi.

Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.

The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include marks which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:

فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ

So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.


The four pausal sings and their meanings:

(مـ) pausing is mandatory.

(ج) pausing is allowed.

(صلى) pausing is allowed but continuation is preferred.

(قلى) continuation is allowed but pausing is preferred.


The type of the pause and its position are the work of the scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. To keep things simple, this article does not count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.

In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:

وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ

Old Hijazi:           wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...

Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...


Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes

1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.

2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences.


A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran

A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:

﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ۝﴾ Q2:90, 58:5

Old Hijazi:           wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn.

Classical Arabic: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn.


﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ۝﴾ Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7

Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn.

Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.

Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn.


﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾ Q2:102

OH: harūt wa mārūt

CA: harūta wa mārūt


﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾ Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.

OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā

CA: bashīran wa nadhīrā


﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ۝﴾   Q2:104 Q58:4

OH: wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb alīm

CA: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun ʾalīm


﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ۝﴾  Q2:166

OH: warāu l-ʕadhāb wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-asbāb

CA: waraʾawu l-ʕadhāba wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾasbāb


﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا ‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾ Q2:171

OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā

CA: duʕāʾan wa nidāʾā


﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾

Q2:185,186

OH: shahru ramaḍān al-ladhi unzil fīhu l-qurān hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē wal-furqān (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā safar faʕiddah min ayyām ukhar (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī qarīb ujīb daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.

CA: shahru ramaḍāna l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi l-qurʾānu hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa l-furqān (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā safarin faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin ukhar (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī qarībun ʾujību daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.


﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾  Q2:247

OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.

CA: fil-ʕilmi wal-jism.


﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ ‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19

OH: khayrā kathīrā.

CA: khayran kathīrā.


﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو ‌عُسْرَةٍ ‌فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍۚ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾ Q2:280

OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.

CA: ʕusratin fanaḍhiratun ʾilā maysarah.

ʕusrah and maysarah in the dialect of Hijaz are pronounced as ʕusurah and maysurah. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.1 p.407)


﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾  Q3:30

OH: amadā baʕīdā

CA: ʾamadan baʕīdā


﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ۝﴾  Q3:63

OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-mufsidīn


﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ ‌نَاصِرِينَ ۝﴾   Q3:91 16

OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn

CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn


﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ ۝﴾  Q3:115, 9:44

OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-muttaqīn


﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾  Q3:155

OH: yawm altaqa l-jamʕān innama stazallahum ash-shayṭān bibaʕḍi mā…

CA: yawma ltaqa l-jamʕāni ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-shayṭānu bibaʕḍi mā…


﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾  Q3:181

OH: wa naḥn aghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-anbiyāʾ bighayri ḥaqq.

CA: wa naḥnu ʾaghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-ʾanbiyāʾa bighayri ḥaqq.


﴿فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا۝﴾ Q4:4

OH: haniyyā mariyyā.

CA: hanīʾan marīʾā.


﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾  Q5:19

OH: min bashīr walā nadhīr (pause) faqad jākum bashīr wanadhīr (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.

CA: min bashīrin walā nadhīr (pause) faqad jāʾakum bashīrun wanadhīr (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.


﴿وَهُمْ ‌يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝  Q6:26

OH: yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh.

CA: yanhawna ʕanhu wayanʾawna ʕanh.


﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56

OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.

CA: mubashshirīna wa mundhirīn.


﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22

OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.

CA: fil-barri wal-baḥr.


﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ ‌حَمِيمٍ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾  Q6:70 Q10:4

OH: min ḥamīm wa ʕadhāb alīm bimā…

CA: min ḥamīmin wa ʕadhābun ʾalīmun bimā…


﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ ‌الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾ Q8:41

OH: yawma l-furqān yawma ltaqa l-jamʕān.

CA: yawma l-furqāni yawma ltaqa l-jamʕān.


﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ ۝﴾  Q9:21

OH: naʕīm muqīm.

CA: naʕīmun muqīm.


﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾   Q9:109

OH: hār fanhār …

CA: hārin fanhāra …


﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ۝﴾   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188

OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.

CA: nadhīrun wa bashīr.


﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.

OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā.

CA: ḥukman waʕilmā.


﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ ۝﴾ Q12:22

OH: makīn amīn

CA: makīnun ʾamīn


﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ الْكُفَّارُ لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى ‌الدَّارِ۝ Q13:42

OH: wasayaʕlam al-kuffār liman ʕuqba d-dār

CA: wasayaʕlamu l-kuffāru liman ʕuqba d-dār


﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ ۝﴾  Q16:4, 36:77

OH: khaṣīm mubīn

CA: khaṣīmun mubīn


﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾  Q16:75

OH: sirrā wajahrā

CA: sirran wajahrā


﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرًا۝﴾   Q17:9

OH: ajrā kabīrā

CA: ʾajran kabīrā


﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا ۝﴾   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.

OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā

CA: mubashshiran wanadhīrā


﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا ‌وَخَيْرٌ ‌عُقْبًا ۝﴾   Q18:44

OH: hū khayr thawābā wakhayr ʕuqbā

CA: huwa khayrun thawāban wakhayrun ʕuqbā


﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ ‌أَمْرًا۝   Q18:69

OH: ṣābirā...amrā

CA: ṣābiran...ʾamrā


﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا۝﴾ Q19:27

OH: shayyā fariyyā

CA: shayʾan fariyyā


﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا ۝﴾  Q20:112

OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā

CA: ḍhulman walā haḍmā


﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾  Q21:90

OH: raghabā warahabā

CA: raghaban warahabā


﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِۚ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ ‌بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾  Q22:25

OH: fīh wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīh biilḥād biḍhulm…

CA: fīhi wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīhi biʾilḥādin biḍhulmin…


﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا ‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا۝﴾   Q25:14

OH: thubūrā kathīrā

CA: thubūran kathīrā


﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ۝﴾   Q26:91

OH: wa burrizat al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn

CA: wa burrizati l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn


﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾  Q27:40

OH: aashkur am akfur

CA: ʾaʾashkuru ʾam ʾakfur


﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾   Q29:41

OH: wa inn awhan al-buyūt labayt al-ʕankabūt

CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti labaytu l-ʕankabūt


﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى ‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْرًا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾ Q31:7

OH: wallē mustakbirā kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh waqrā

CA: wallā mustakbiran kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi waqrā


﴿وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾   Q31:19

OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik

CA: waqṣid fī mashyika waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik


﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا۝﴾   Q33:38

OH: qadarā maqdūrā

CA: qadaran maqdūrā


﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۝﴾  Q33:41  

OH: dhikrā kathīrā

CA: dhikran kathīrā


﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ ‌مَهِينٌ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ۝﴾  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.

OH: hū mahīn walā yakād yabīn

CA: huwa mahīnun walā yakādu yabīn


﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾  Q56:3

OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah

CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah


﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes

OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā

CA: illā qīlan salāman salāmā


﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾   Q56:33

OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah

CA: lā maqṭūʕatin walā mamnūʕah


﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾  Q56:37

OH: ʕurubā atrābā

CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā


﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾   Q57:25

OH: wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…

CA: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…


﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ ‌مُنْكَرًا ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾  Q58:2

OH: munkarā min al-qawl wa zūrā

CA: munkaran mina l-qawli wa zūrā


﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ ‌حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾   Q60:4

OH: uswah ḥasanah fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn maʕah idh qālū…

CA: ʾuswatun ḥasanatun fī ʾibrāhīma wal-ladhīna maʕahū ʾidh qālū…


﴿وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا ۝﴾  Q71:22

OH: makrā kubbārā

CA: makran kubbārā


﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا ۝﴾   Q71:27

OH: fājirā kaffārā

CA: fājiran kaffārā


﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا ۝﴾ Q73:5

OH: qawlā thaqīlā

CA: qawlan thaqīlā


﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا ‌وَأَعْظَمَ ‌أَجْرًا ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾  Q73:20

OH: hū khayrā wa aʕḍham ajrā    

CA: huwa khayran wa ʾaʕḍhamu ʾajrā


﴿إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ۝﴾  Q74:18

OH: innah fakkar waqaddar

CA: innahū fakkara waqaddar


﴿ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝  Q74:23

OH: thumm adbar wastakbar

CA: thumma ʾadbara wastakbar


﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا ۝﴾ Q76:3

OH: immā shākirā wa immā kafūrā

CA: ʾimmā shākiran wa ʾimmā kafūrā


﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا۝﴾   Q76:26

OH: laylā ṭawīlā

CA: laylan ṭawīlā


﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾   Q77:6

OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā

CA: ʕudhran ʾaw nudhrā


﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ۝﴾  Q77:32

OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar

CA: bishararin kal-qaṣar

In the canonical readings, the final word is read as “kal-qaṣr”. But a number of non-canonical readings read it as “kal-qaṣar” which makes it a perfect rhyming fit for the preceding word “bisharar”. The final word of the next verse is non-canonically read as ṣufur. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.10 p.248, 251)


﴿وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا ۝﴾  Q78:13

OH: sirājā wahhājā

CA: sirājan wahhājā


﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾ Q78:40

OH: ʕadhābā qarībā

CA: ʕadhāban qarībā (This position is an end of a verse in the Baṣran and some Makkan readings. In the readings wher this position isn't an end of a verse, the two words are read as ʕadhāban qarīban)


﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾  Q80:28

OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā

CA: wa inaban waqaḍbā


﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ۝﴾  Q80:42

OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah

CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah


﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾  Q88:3

OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah

CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah


﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher

OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah

CA: nāṣiyatin kādhibatin khāṭiyah


﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ ‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ ۝﴾   Q104:1

OH: humazah lumazah

CA: humazatin lumazah


﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝   Q107:7

OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn

CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn


﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي ‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ۝﴾   Q111:1

OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab

CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab

﴿مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ۝﴾  Q114:4

OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās

CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās


B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.

Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:


﴿وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ۝﴾ Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2

Old Hijazi:            wa hudē wa bushrē lil-mūminīn

Classical Arabic: wa hudan wa bushrā lil-muʾminīn


﴿‌نَذِيرٌ ‌مُبِينٌ۝﴾  Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49.

OH: nadhīr mubīn

CA: nadhīrun mubīn


﴿‌لَيَئُوسٌ ‌كَفُورٌ۝﴾   Q11:9

OH: layaūs kafūr

CA: layaʾūsun kafūr


﴿‌إِنَّ ‌أَخْذَهُ ‌أَلِيمٌ ‌شَدِيدٌ۝﴾   Q11:102

OH: alīm shadīd

CA: ʾalīmun shadīd


﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌فِيهَا ‌زَفِيرٌ ‌وَشَهِيقٌ۝﴾   Q11:106

OH: zafīr wa shahīq

CA: zafīrun wa shahīq


﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ ‌إِنِّي ‌حَفِيظٌ ‌عَلِيمٌ ۝﴾  Q12:55

OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm

CA: ḥafīḍhun ʕalīm


﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَدْحُورًا۝﴾   Q17:18

OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā

CA: madhmūman madḥūrā


﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَخْذُولًا۝﴾   Q17:22

OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā

CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā


﴿قَالَ ‌عَمَّا ‌قَلِيلٍ ‌لَيُصْبِحُنَّ ‌نَادِمِينَ۝  Q23:40

OH: ʕammā qalīl la yuṣbiḥunn nādimīn

CA: ʕammā qalīlin la yuṣbiḥunna nādimīn


﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَلُومًا ‌جَهُولًا ۝﴾  Q33:72

OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā

CA: ḍhalūman jahūlā


﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾  Q36:73

OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib

CA: manāfiʕu wamashārib


﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَيَئُوسٌ ‌قَنُوطٌ ۝﴾   Q41:49

OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ

CA: fa yaʾūsun qanūṭ


﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ ۝﴾  Q44:49

OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm

CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm


﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ ۝﴾  Q50:18

OH: raqīb ʕatīd

CA: raqībun ʕatīd


﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ ۝﴾  Q55:27

﴿ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ ۝﴾  Q55:78

OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram

CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram


﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ ‌كَثِيبًا ‌مَهِيلًا۝﴾  Q73:14

OH: kathībā mahīlā

CA: kathīban mahīlā


Q89:19-22

﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلًا لَمًّا (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكًّا دَكًّا (٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا (٢٢) ﴾

OH: …aklā lammā۝…ḥubbā jammā۝…dakkā dakkā۝…ṣaffā ṣaffā۝

CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝

C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.


﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ ‌مِنْ ‌خَيْرٍ ‌فَقِيرٌ ۝﴾   Q28:24

OH: khayr faqīr

CA: khayrin faqīr


﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ۝﴾  Q22:5, 50:7

OH: zawj bahīj

CA: zawjin bahīj


﴿فِي سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ۝﴾  Q56:42

OH: samūm waḥamīm

CA: samūmin waḥamīm

A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes

A- The two words share an identical final consonant.

ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)

    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)

    al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)

ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)

    al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)

ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, ­Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

khabīr baṣīr خبير بصير “Aware, Seeing” (35:31, 42:27)

    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)

ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)

B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.

Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm.

ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)

      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)

      al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)

ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)

ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)

      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)

      al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)

samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)

     as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)

al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)

raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)

ghafūr ḥalīm  غفور حليم “Forgiving, Forbearing” (4, such as 5:101)

ḥalīmā ghafūrā حليما غفورا “Forbearing, Forgiving” (17:44, 35:41)

ʕalīm khabīr عليم خبير “Knower, Aware” (31:34, 49:13)

    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)

    al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)

ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)

   al-ḥakīm al-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)

laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)

     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)

     al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)

al- azīz al-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)

al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)

samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)

    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)

    as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)

ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)

   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)

    al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)

  al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)

raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)

ḥakīm ḥamīd حكيم حميد “Wise, Owner of Praise” (41:42)

shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)

al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)

samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)

Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith

Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.


The first internal rhyme is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:

[1]«نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ كُلٌّ ‌شَافٍ ‌كَافٍ»

Old Hijazi:            shāf kāf

Classical Arabic: shāfin kāf, or shāfin kāfī


The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān):

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "[2]

Old Hijazi:           al-wasīlah wal-faḍīlah

Classical Arabic: al-wasīlata wal-faḍīlah


[3]أَنَّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي الصَّلَاةِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ وَ الْمَغْرَمِ.

Old Hijazi:            al-mātham wal-maghram

Classical Arabic: al-maʾthami wal-maghram


[4]قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ وَسُوءِ الأَخْلاَقِ ‏"‏ ‏.

OH: min al-shiqāq wal-nifāq wa suww al-akhlāq

CA: mina l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi wa sūʾi l-ʾakhlāq


[5]إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.

OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ

CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ


((لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ وَالْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ فِي يَدَيْكَ، وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ، أَنَا بِكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، ‌تَبَارَكْتَ ‌وَتَعَالَيْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ...اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ)). [6]

This is a prayer that contains many internal rhymes:

OH: labbayk wa saʕdayk (pause) tabārakt wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamt wa mā akhkhart (pause) wa mā asrart wa mā aʕlant (pause) wa mā asraft (pause)

CA: labbayka wa saʕdayk (pause) tabārakta wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamtu wa mā ʾakhkhart (pause) wa mā ʾasrartu wa mā ʾaʕlant (pause) wa mā ʾasraft (pause)


[7]اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.

OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih

CA: ʕājilihī wa ʾājilih


[8]أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ ‌الدُّثُورِ ‌بِالْأُجُورِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.

OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr

CA: ʾahlu d-duthūri bil-ʾujūr


[9]اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا ‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.

OH: qalbā taqiyyā naqiyyā (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.

CA: qalban taqiyyan naqiyyā (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.

Note how the word “bariyyā” only rhymes without the hamzah.


[10]«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَدْمِ وَالتَّرَدِّي وَالْهَرَمِ ‌وَالْغَرَقِ ‌وَالْحَرَقِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ إِنْ يَتَخَبَّطَنِي الشَّيْطَانُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَأَنْ أُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مُدْبِرًا أَوْ أَمُوتَ لَدِيغًا»

OH: wal-gharaq wal-ḥaraq

CA: wal-gharaqi wal-ḥaraq


[11]«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَرِزْقًا طَيِّبًا، ‌وَعَمَلًا ‌مُتَقَبَّلًا»

OH: wa ʕamalā mutaqabbalā

CA: wa ʕamalan mutaqabbalā


[12]" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ "

OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm

CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm


[13]" اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ ‌وَالْقِلَّةِ ‌وَالذِّلَّةِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ "

OH: wal-qillah wal-dhillah

CA: wal-qillati wal-dhillah


[14]«اللَّهُمَّ ‌قِنِي ‌عَذَابَكَ يَوْمَ ‌تَبْعَثُ ‌عِبَادَكَ»

OH: allāhumm qinī ʕadhābak yawm tabʕath ʕibādak

CA: allāhumma qinī ʕadhābaka yawma tabʕathu ʕibādak


[15]«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»

OH: min al-kufr wal-faqr (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause)

CA: mina l-kufri wal-faqr (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)


كان رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ إذا قام من الليل كبَّر، ثم يقول:

"سبحانك اللهم! وبحمدك، وتبارك اسمك، وتعالى جدك، ولا إله غيرك"، ثم يقول: "لا إله إلا الله" ثلاثًا، ثم يقول:

[16]"الله أكبر كبيرًا" -ثلاثًا- أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم؛ من ‌همزه ونفخه ونفثه" ثم يقرأ.

OH: min hamzih wa nafkhih wa nafthih

CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih

External Links

Idris AlArabi--A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith

References

  1. مصنف ابن أبي شيبة، ج6 ص137، دار التاج Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah, vol.6 p.137, Dar Al-Taj
  2. صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.1 p.126, published by Al-Sultaniah
  3. صحيح مسلم، ج1 ص412، تحقيق عبد الباقي Sahih Muslim, vol.1 p.412, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi
  4. سنن أبي داود، ج2 ص645، تحقيق شعيب الأرنؤوط Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut
  5. تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah
  6. صحيح مسلم، ج1 ص534، تحقيق عبد الباقي Sahih Muslim, vol.1 p.534, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi
  7. سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية (Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)
  8. صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi
  9. الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147 Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr
  10. الآحاد والمثاني لابن أبي عاصم» (3/ 460) Al-ʾāḥād wal-mathānī by Ibn Abī ʕāṣim, vol.3 p.460, Dār Al-Rāyah
  11. مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (6/ 33 تحقيق الحوت) Al-Musannaf by Ibn Abi Shaybah, vol.6 p.33, Tahqiq by Al-Hout
  12. مسند أحمد، ج37 ص355 ط الرسالة Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah
  13. مسند أحمد، ج13 ص418 ط الرسالة Musnad Ahmad, vol.13 p.418, Al-Risalah
  14. مسند أبي داود الطيالسي، ج2 ص84، دار هجر Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.84, Dar Hajr
  15. مسند أبي داود الطيالسي، ج2 ص199، دار هجر Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr
  16. سنن أبي داود تحقيق الأرنؤوط، ج2 ص82 Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.82, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut