99 names of Allah: Difference between revisions

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99 names of Allah (view source)

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Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Allah has ninety-nine Names, one-hundred less one; and he who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise." To count something means to know it by heart.}}
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Allah has ninety-nine Names, one-hundred less one; and he who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise." To count something means to know it by heart.}}
Some apologetic sources (including Wikipedia) claim that according to the hadith, there are ''at least'' 99 names. But the hadith doesn't say "at least". It says simply ninety-nine (تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ) and even adds that it's one hundred minus one, which seems to emphasize, that it is exactly 99 and not 100 or more. And the hadith also says that who memorizes all these names would go to paradise - such a task would be hard in the time of Muhammad, considering that in that time the ummah was [[Muhammad and illiteracy|illiterate]]. And even today, as we'll see, it seems impossible to find the 99 names.
Some apologetic sources (including Wikipedia) claim that according to the hadith, there are ''at least'' 99 names. But the hadith doesn't say "at least". It says simply ninety-nine (تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ) and even adds that it's one hundred minus one, which seems to emphasize, that it is exactly 99 and not 100 or more. And the hadith also says that who memorizes all these names would go to paradise - such a task would be hard in the time of Muhammad, considering that in that time the ummah was [[Muhammad and illiteracy|illiterate]]. And even today, as we'll see, it seems impossible to find exactly 99 names.


==The popular list==
==The popular list==
===Source===
===Source===
The most popular list of 99 names of Allah among Muslims (which is also used on Wikipedia) seems to be a list from a weak (da'if) hadith from the collection of Tirmidhi.
The most popular list of 99 names of Allah among Muslims (which is also used on the English Wikipedia) seems to be a list from a weak (da'if) hadith from the collection of Tirmidhi.
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|45|3507}} (weak)|Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|45|3507}} (weak)|Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:


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|25||المذل||''al-mudhil''||The Giver of Dishonor||The Humiliating <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%84/</ref>||{{Quran|3|26}} (it's not there)||
|25||المذل||''al-mudhil''||The Giver of Dishonor||The Humiliating <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%84/</ref>||{{Quran|3|26}} (it's not there)||
|-
|-
|26||السميع||''al-samii''||The Hearing||The Hearing||{{Quran|2|127}}||
|26||السميع||''as-samii''||The Hearing||The Hearing||{{Quran|2|127}}||
|-
|-
|27||البصير||''al-baseer''||The All-Seeing||The Seeing||{{Quran|4|58}}||
|27||البصير||''al-baseer''||The All-Seeing||The Seeing||{{Quran|4|58}}||
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|30||اللطيف||''al-lateef''||The Subtly Kind||The Kind||{{Quran|22|63}}||
|30||اللطيف||''al-lateef''||The Subtly Kind||The Kind||{{Quran|22|63}}||
|-
|-
|31||الخبير||''ar-khabeer''||The All-aware||The Informed <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1/</ref>||{{Quran|6|18}}||
|31||الخبير||''al-khabeer''||The All-aware||The Informed <ref>https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1/</ref>||{{Quran|6|18}}||
|-
|-
|32||الحليم||''ar-haleem''||The Forbearing||The Forbearing||{{Quran|2|235}}||
|32||الحليم||''al-haleem''||The Forbearing||The Forbearing||{{Quran|2|235}}||
|-
|-
|33||العظيم||''al-'azeem''||The Great||The Great||{{Quran|2|255}}||
|33||العظيم||''al-'azeem''||The Great||The Great||{{Quran|2|255}}||
|-
|-
|34||الغفور||''ar-ghafoor''||The Much Forgiving||The Forgiving||{{Quran|2|173}}||The list already contains Ghaffar, which means the same.
|34||الغفور||''al-ghafoor''||The Much Forgiving||The Forgiving||{{Quran|2|173}}||The list already contains Ghaffar, which means the same.
|-
|-
|35||الشكور||''al-shakoor''||The Grateful||The Thankful||{{Quran|35|30}}||
|35||الشكور||''ash-shakoor''||The Grateful||The Thankful||{{Quran|35|30}}||
|-
|-
|36||العلى||''al-aliyy''||The Sublime||The Exalted||{{Quran|4|34}}||
|36||العلى||''al-aliyy''||The Sublime||The Exalted||{{Quran|4|34}}||
|-
|-
|37||الكبير||''ar-kabeer''||The Great||The Great||{{Quran|13|9}}||Not ''akbar'' (اكبر) - the Greatest??
|37||الكبير||''al-kabeer''||The Great||The Great||{{Quran|13|9}}||Not ''akbar'' (اكبر) - the Greatest??
|-
|-
|38||الحفيظ||''al-hafeez''||The Preserver||The Preserver||{{Quran|11|57}}||
|38||الحفيظ||''al-hafeez''||The Preserver||The Preserver||{{Quran|11|57}}||
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|48||المجيد||''al-majeed''||The Glorious||The Glorious||{{Quran|11|73}}||
|48||المجيد||''al-majeed''||The Glorious||The Glorious||{{Quran|11|73}}||
|-
|-
|49||الباعث||''al-baaith''||The Resurrector||The Resurrector||{{Quran|22|7}} (it's not there)|
|49||الباعث||''al-baaith''||The Resurrector||The Resurrector||{{Quran|22|7}} (it's not there)||
|-
|-
|50||الشهيد||''ash-shaheed''||The Witness||The Witness||{{Quran|4|166}}||
|50||الشهيد||''ash-shaheed''||The Witness||The Witness||{{Quran|4|166}}||
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|82||العفو||''al-'afuu''||The Pardoner||The Pardoner||{{Quran|4|43}}||
|82||العفو||''al-'afuu''||The Pardoner||The Pardoner||{{Quran|4|43}}||
|-
|-
|83||الرؤف||''ar-rauf''||The Kind||The ||{{Quran|9|117}}||
|83||الرؤف||''ar-rauf''||The Kind||The Kind||{{Quran|9|117}}||
|-
|-
|84||مالك الملك||''maalik ul-mulk''||The Owner of all Sovereignty||The Owner of all Dominion||{{Quran|3|26}}||
|84||مالك الملك||''maalik ul-mulk''||The Owner of all Sovereignty||The Owner of all Dominion||{{Quran|3|26}}||
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|95||البديع||''al-badee''||The Originator||The Originator||{{Quran|2|117}}||
|95||البديع||''al-badee''||The Originator||The Originator||{{Quran|2|117}}||
|-
|-
|96||الباقي||''al-baaqi''||The Immutable||The Remaining||{{Quran|55|27}} (it's not there)||"And there '''will remain''' the Face of your Lord..."
|96||الباقي||''al-baaqi''||The Immutable||The Remaining||{{Quran|55|27}} (it's not there)||"And there '''will remain''' the Face of your Lord..." - not a name.
|-
|-
|97||الوارث||''al-waarith''||The Heir||The Heir||{{Quran|15|23}}||It's in plural
|97||الوارث||''al-waarith''||The Heir||The Heir||{{Quran|15|23}}||It's in plural
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====Some names are not actually beautiful====
====Some names are not actually beautiful====
Some of the names, like "The Harmer", even with apologetic translation by Muslims, doesn't seem to be beautiful.
Some of the names, like "The Harmer", even with apologetic translation by Muslims, doesn't seem to be beautiful.
====Some names are strange====
Why is one of his names "The Believer" (المؤمن)?
====Duplicates====
Why is the verse 55:27 considered as an instance of both "ذو الجلال والإكرام" and "الجليل"? And what is the difference between الغفور and الغفار? And what about "مالك" and "مالك الملك"?
====Are they all really names?====
Arabic doesn't use capital letters for names. So a noun could be understood both as a proper noun or as a regular noun. For example the Arabic name Abdullah (عبد الله) could be understood as the name "Abdullah", but it could also be understood literally "slave of god". In the same way some of the "names of Allah" could be simply his characteristics, not names. In the same way we can understand "الله الرحيم" as both "Allah, The Merciful" and "merciful Allah". That is also a reason why finding the names in the Quran by ijtihad is practically impossible.


====Some names are not actually mentioned in the Quran====
====Some names are not actually mentioned in the Quran====
Some of the names in the column "In Arabic" are not actually in the Quran. These names were marked with "(it's not there)" in our table.
Many of the names in the column "In Arabic" are not actually in the Arabic Quran. These names were marked with "(it's not there)" in our table.


Let's analyze, for example, the last name of Allah, الصبور (The Patient).
Let's analyze, for example, the last name of Allah, الصبور (The Patient).
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'''Literal:''' And they cheated/deceived and Allah cheated/deceived, and Allah (is) the best (of) the cheaters/deceivers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/3/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 3. Ali-Imran - The Family Of 'Imran (سورة آل عمران) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}
'''Literal:''' And they cheated/deceived and Allah cheated/deceived, and Allah (is) the best (of) the cheaters/deceivers.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/3/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-08-25}} 3. Ali-Imran - The Family Of 'Imran (سورة آل عمران) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011</ref>}}


We could find many other names of Allah in the Quran.
We could find many other names of Allah in the Quran. The list doesn't even contain the word "Allah" (الله).
 
==Other lists==
==Other lists==
As we've seen, the popular list based on the weak hadith is wrong on many levels. [https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89#%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%87%D8%A7 Arabic Wikipedia article] contains more than 10 different lists by various Islamic scholars. Some of those lists even contain the name "Best of deceivers" (خير الماكرين). The lists together contain 276 names of Allah and we can assume that there are other lists with even more names.
As we've seen, the popular list based on the weak hadith is wrong on many levels. [https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89#%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%87%D8%A7 Arabic Wikipedia article] contains more than 10 different lists by various Islamic scholars. Some of those lists even contain the name "Best of deceivers" (خير الماكرين). The lists together contain 276 names of Allah and we can assume that there are other lists with even more names.


==References==
==References==
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