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Tento článek se zabývá islámským "věnem", zvaným mahr (مهر) a jeho účelem v [[Islám|Islámu]], s pomocí islámských textů. Pro význam islámského "manželství" si přečtěte [[Islámské manželství]].
Tento článek se zabývá islámským "věnem", zvaným mahr (مهر) a jeho účelem v [[Islám|Islámu]], s pomocí islámských textů. Pro význam islámského "manželství" (nikah) si přečtěte [[Význam nikah]].


==Apologetická interpretace mahru==
==Apologetická interpretace mahru==
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{{ quote |{{Bukhari|6|60|103}} | Vyprávěl Ibn Abbas:
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|6|60|103}} | Vyprávěl Ibn Abbas:


regarding the Divine Verse: "O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and you should not treat them with harshness that you may take back part of the (Mahr) dower you have given them." (4.19) (Before this revelation) if a man died, his relatives used to have the right to inherit his wife, and one of them could marry her if he would, or they would give her in marriage if they wished, or, if they wished, they would not give her in marriage at all, and they would be more entitled to dispose her, than her own relatives. So the above Verse was revealed in this connection. }}
ohledně svatého verše: "Vy, kteří jste uveřili; není dovoleno vám, abyste dědili po ženách svých proti vůli jejich, aniž zbraňovali jim (v provdání se), abyste odejmouti jim mohli část z toho, co dali jste jim před tím (věnem)" (4:19) (Před tímto zjevením) když muž zemřel, jeho příbuzní mívali právo zdědit jeho manželku a jeden z nich si ji mohl vzít pokud chtěl, anebo ji provdali pokud chtěli anebo ji neprovdali vůbec. <!-- and they would be more entitled to dispose her, than her own relatives. So the above Verse was revealed in this connection.--> }}
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|63|231}} | Narrated Said bin Jubair:
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|63|231}} | Vyprávěl Said bin Jubair:


I asked Ibn 'Umar, "(What is the verdict if) a man accuses his wife of illegal sexual intercourse?" Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet separated (by divorce) the couple of Bani Al-Ajlan, and said, (to them), 'Allah knows that one of you two is a liar; so will one of you repent?' But both of them refused. He again said, 'Allah knows that one of you two is a liar; so will one of you repent?' But both of them refused. So he separated them by divorce." (Aiyub, a sub-narrator said: 'Amr bin Dinar said to me, "There is something else in this Hadith which you have not mentioned. It goes thus: ''''The man said, 'What about my money (i.e. the Mahr that I have given to my wife)?' It was said, 'You have no right to restore any money, for if you have spoken the truth (as regards the accusation), you have also consummated your marriage with her''''; and if you have told a lie, you are less rightful to have your money back.' ") }}
Zeptal jsem se Ibn 'Umara, "(Jaké je rozhodnutí když) muž podezřívá svoji manželku z nevěry?" Ibn 'Umar řekl: "Prorok rozdělil (rozvodem) pár z Bani Al-Ajlan, a řekl jim: 'Aláh ví, že jeden z vás je lhář; tak bude jeden z vás se kát?' Ale oba dva odmítli. Poté znova řekl: 'Aláh ví, že jeden z vás je lhář, tak bude se jeden z vás kát?' Ale oba dva odmítli. Tak je rozdělil rozvodem." (Aiyub, další vypravěč, řekl: 'Amr bin Dinar mi řekl: "Je zde ještě něco co jsi nezmínil. Je to tohle: ''''Muž řekl: 'A co moje peníze (mahr, který jsem dal manželce)?' Bylo mu řečeno: 'Nemáš právo vzít zpět žádné peníze, neboť jestli jsi mluvil pravdu (ohledně obvinění), tak jsi s ní manželství také konzumoval''''; a pokud jsi lhal, tak nemáš právo vzít si peníze zpět.' ") }}
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{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|63|232}} | Narrated Said bin Jubair:
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|63|232}} | Narrated Said bin Jubair:


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I said to Ibn 'Umar, "If a man accuses his wife of illegal sexual intercourse (what is the judgment)?" He said, "Allah's Prophet separated the couple of Bani 'Ajlan (when the husband accused his wife for an illegal sexual intercourse). The Prophet said, 'Allah knows that one of you two IS a liar; so will one of you repent?' But they refused. He then again said, 'Allah knows that one of you two is a liar; so will one of you repent?' But they refused, whereupon he separated them by divorce." Aiyub (a sub-narrator) said: 'Amr bin Dinar said to me, "In the narration there is something which I do not see you mentioning, i.e. ''''the husband said, "What about my money (Mahr)?' The Prophet said, "You are not entitled to take back money, for if you told the truth you have already entered upon her (and consummated your marriage with her)'''' and if you are a liar then you are less entitled to take it back. }}
I said to Ibn 'Umar, "If a man accuses his wife of illegal sexual intercourse (what is the judgment)?" He said, "Allah's Prophet separated the couple of Bani 'Ajlan (when the husband accused his wife for an illegal sexual intercourse). The Prophet said, 'Allah knows that one of you two IS a liar; so will one of you repent?' But they refused. He then again said, 'Allah knows that one of you two is a liar; so will one of you repent?' But they refused, whereupon he separated them by divorce." Aiyub (a sub-narrator) said: 'Amr bin Dinar said to me, "In the narration there is something which I do not see you mentioning, i.e. ''''the husband said, "What about my money (Mahr)?' The Prophet said, "You are not entitled to take back money, for if you told the truth you have already entered upon her (and consummated your marriage with her)'''' and if you are a liar then you are less entitled to take it back. }}
-->
{{ quote | {{Muslim|8|3255}} |
{{ quote | {{Muslim|8|3255}} |
Sabra al-Juhanni reported on the authority of his father that while he was with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) he said: 0 people, I had permitted you to contract temporary marriage with women, but Allah has forbidden it (now) until the Day of Resurrection. So he who has any (woman with this type of marriage contract) he should let her off, and do not take back anything you have given to then (as dower). }}
Sabra al-Juhanni vyprávěl od svého otce, že když byl s Aláhovým poslem (saw) řekl: Ó lidi, povolil jsem vám zřizovat dočasná manželství se ženami, ale Aláh to zakázal až do dne Zmrtvýchvstání. Takže kdokoliv měl nějakou (ženu s tímto typem manželské smlouvy) měl by ji propustit a ať si nebere nic z toho co jí dal (jako věno). }}
<!--
{{ quote | {{Muslim|8|3262}} |
{{ quote | {{Muslim|8|3262}} |
Sabra al-Juhanni reported on the authority of his father: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) prohibited the contracting of temporary marriage and said: Behold, it is forbidden from this very day of yours to the Day of Resurrection, and he who has given something (as a dower) should not take it back. }}
Sabra al-Juhanni reported on the authority of his father: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) prohibited the contracting of temporary marriage and said: Behold, it is forbidden from this very day of yours to the Day of Resurrection, and he who has given something (as a dower) should not take it back. }}
{{ quote | {{Muslim|9|3557}} |
{{ quote | {{Muslim|9|3557}} |
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying to the invokers of curse: Your account is with Allah. One of you must be a liar. You have now no right over this woman. He said: Messenger of Allah, what about my wealth (dower that I paid her at the time of marriage)? He said: You have no claim to wealth. If you tell the truth, it (dower) is the recompense for your having had the right to intercourse with her, and if you tell a lie against her, it is still more remote from you than she is. Zuhair said in his narration: Sufyan reported to us on the authority of 'Amr that he had heard Sa'id b Jubair saying: I heard Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) saying that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said it. }}
Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying to the invokers of curse: Your account is with Allah. One of you must be a liar. You have now no right over this woman. He said: Messenger of Allah, what about my wealth (dower that I paid her at the time of marriage)? He said: You have no claim to wealth. If you tell the truth, it (dower) is the recompense for your having had the right to intercourse with her, and if you tell a lie against her, it is still more remote from you than she is. Zuhair said in his narration: Sufyan reported to us on the authority of 'Amr that he had heard Sa'id b Jubair saying: I heard Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) saying that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said it. }}
 
-->
It cannot be said any clearly than that. You cannot take back the mahr that you have given to a wife, because you have already availed yourself of the service that it was a payment for (you have had sex with her).
Je to tedy zcela jasné. Nemůžeš si vzít mahr, který jsi dal manželce, protože jsi již využil službu, za kterou to byla platba (měl jsi s ní sex).


=== Obchodovování s dcerami namísto mahru není povoleno ===
=== Obchodovování s dcerami namísto mahru není povoleno ===
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|62|47}} | Vyprávěl Ibn 'Umar :
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|7|62|47}} | Vyprávěl Ibn 'Umar :


Aláhův apoštol zakázal Ash-Shighar, což znamená, že někdo provdá svoji dceru někomu a ten druhý provdá svoji dceru tomu prvnímu, aniž by bez placení mahru. }}
Aláhův apoštol zakázal Ash-Shighar, což znamená, že někdo provdá svoji dceru někomu a ten druhý provdá svoji dceru tomu prvnímu, bez placení mahru. }}
<!-- it's the same
<!-- it's the same
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|9|86|90}} | Vyprávěl 'Abdullah:
{{ quote |{{Bukhari|9|86|90}} | Vyprávěl 'Abdullah:
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== Viz také ==
== Viz také ==
* [[Clanky v ceskem jazyce - Articles in Czech|Články v českém jazyce (Articles in Czech)]] ''- Přehled všech článků v českém jazyce na WikiIslam''


{{Hub4|Mahr|Mahr}}
{{Hub4|Mahr|Mahr}}
* [[Dealing Justly with Wives and Orphans (Qur'an 4:3)|Dealing Justly with Wives and Orphans]]
* [[Dealing Justly with Wives and Orphans (Qur'an 4:3)|Dealing Justly with Wives and Orphans]]
{{Template:Translation-links-czech|[[Purpose of the Mahr|anglicky]]}}


==Externí odkazy==
==Externí odkazy==
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[[Category:Islámské právo]]
[[Category:Islámské právo]]
[[Category:Sani]]
[[Category:Sani]]
[[Category:Česky (Czech)]]
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