List of Genocides, Cultural Genocides and Ethnic Cleansings under Islam: Difference between revisions
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| || [[w:Alevi|Alevi]] Kurds || Dersim || {{nameandflag|Turkey}} || || 1937-38 || 13,000-40,000 killed.<ref>David McDowall. ''A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition'' p. 209, I.B.Tauris, 2004. ISBN 1850434166.</ref> | |||
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| || Tibetans || Qinghai Province || {{nameandflag|China}} || Ma Bufang and his Muslim soldiers || | | || || || || || || | ||
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| || Tibetans || Qinghai Province || {{nameandflag|China}} || Ma Bufang and his Muslim soldiers || 1932-41 ||The motive was ethnic cleansing of Tibetans and destruction of their culture, resulting in thousands of casualties.<ref>Rab-brtan-rdo-rje (Ñag-roṅ-pa.) (translated by Jamyang Norbu) (1979). Horseman in the snow: the story of Aten, an old Khampa warrior. Information Office, Central Tibetan Secretariat. p. 134.</ref><ref>Jamyang Norbu (1986). Warriors of Tibet: the story of Aten, and the Khampas' fight for the freedom of their country. Wisdom Publications. p. gbooks says 46, (the actual paper says 146). ISBN 0-86171-050-9.</ref><ref>Hsaio-ting Lin (1 January 2011). Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928-49. UBC Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-7748-5988-2.</ref><ref>David S. G. Goodman (2004). ''China's campaign to "Open up the West": national, provincial, and local perspectives''. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 0-521-61349-3.</ref><ref>Bulag, Uradyn Erden (2002). ''Dilemmas The Mongols at China's edge: history and the politics of national unity''. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 54. ISBN 0-7425-1144-8.</ref> | |||
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Revision as of 18:31, 26 January 2017
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No. | Name | Region | Country | Who was Responsible | Period | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Arab polytheists | Arabian peninsula | Saudi Arabia | 600s AD | ||
2 | Jews | Arabian peninsula | 600s AD | |||
3 | Christians | Arabian peninsula | 600s AD | |||
Traditional Berber religion | North Africa | Arab Muslims | ||||
Zoroastrians | Persia | Arab and Persian Muslims | ||||
Hindus | Afghanistan | |||||
Buddhists | Afghanistan | |||||
Dards | Kashmir and northern Pakistan | India , Pakistan | Arab invaders, Swat princely state | c. 700 AD and 1858-1969 | Most Dards were converted to Islam[1][2] | |
Buddhists | Bihar | India | Bakhtiyar Khilji | c.1197-1203 | Famous Buddhist monasteries and universities were also destroyed[3][4][5] | |
Christians | Anatolia | Turkey | Muslim Turks | |||
Buddhists | Maldives | c. 1200s onwards |
| |||
Kanuri people | Kanem empire | Chad , Nigeria , Cameroon | Dunama Dabbalemi | 1203 to 1243 | All Kanuris converted to Islam as a result of a jihad.[6][7] | |
Mongol converts to Islam[8] | Delhi | India | Alauddin Khilji | 1298 | 15,000-30,000 were killed | |
Hindus | Kashmir | India , Pakistan | Sikandar Butshikan | 1389-1413 | [9][10] | |
Polytheists | Kafiristan | Afghanistan | 1890s | |||
Alevi Kurds | Dersim | Turkey | 1937-38 | 13,000-40,000 killed.[11] | ||
Tibetans | Qinghai Province | China | Ma Bufang and his Muslim soldiers | 1932-41 | The motive was ethnic cleansing of Tibetans and destruction of their culture, resulting in thousands of casualties.[12][13][14][15][16] | |
Hindus | Pakistan | 1947-present | ||||
Hindus | Bangladesh | 1947-present |
| |||
Egyptian Jews | Egypt | 1948-1957 | ||||
Iraqi and Kurdish Jews | Iraq | 1950s-1969 | [17] | |||
East Timor | Indonesia | 1975-1999 | Described as a genocide
| |||
Chakma, Marma, Tripuri and other indigenous people | Chittagong Hill Tracts | Bangladesh | Bangladeshi army and Muslim settlers | 1977-1997 | [18][19] | |
Kashmiri Pandits | Kashmir valley | India | Kashmiri Muslim mobs and Pakistani terrorists | 1989-2001 | ||
Isaaq clan (Muslim) of Somalis | Somalia | Siad Barre | 1988-1990 | 50,000-100,000 killed (possibly up to 200,000)[20][21][22][23] | ||
Bantu people (Christians, Muslims and Traditional African religion) | Jubba Valley | Somalia | Somali militias | 1991 onwards | [24]
| |
| ||||||
Assyrians | Iraq | 1933-2014 | [25][26][27] | |||
Yazidis | Iraqi Kurdistan | Iraq | ISIS | 2014- | ||
Arab Christians, Levantines, Armenians, Arameans, Assyrians (Syriacs or Chaldeans) and Copts | Iraq , Syria , Libya | ISIS | 2014- | At least 1000 casualties.[28] Described as a genocide by EU.[29][30][31][32] |
Key:
- No color: Non-Muslims targeted
- Light green: Predominantly Muslims targeted
- Orange: Both Muslims and Non-Muslims targeted
References
- ↑ "Swat: an Afghan society in Pakistan : urbanisation and change in tribal environment", City Press, https://books.google.com/books?id=p_9tAAAAMAAJ&q=dard+people+swati&dq=dard+people+swati&lr=&cd=1.
- ↑ "Living in the high mountain valleys, the Nuristani retained their ancient culture and their religion, a form of ancient Hinduism with many customs and rituals developed locally. Certain deities were revered only by one tribe or community, but one deity was universally worshipped by all Nuristani as the Creator, the Hindu god Yama Raja, called imr'o or imra by the Nuristani tribes. Around 700 CE, Arab invaders swept through the region now known as Afghanistan, destroying or forcibly converting the population to their new Islamic religion. Refugees from the invaders fled into the higher valleys to escape the onslaught. In their mountain strongholds, the Nuristani escaped conversion conversion to Islam and retained their ancient religion and culture. The surrounding Muslim peoples used the name Kafir, meaning "unbeliever" or "infidel," to describe the independent Nuristani tribes and called their highland homeland Kafiristan.", Minahan, James B., "Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia" (in English), ABC-CLIO, p. 205, ISBN 9781610690188
- ↑ Ishwari Prasad, Medieval India (Allahabad, Fourth Publication, 1940), p.138.
- ↑ The Indian Antiquary, Vol. IV, pp.366-67.
- ↑ Habibullah, Abul Barkat Muhammad. The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India. (Allahabad, 1961). p.147.
- ↑ Barkindo, Bawuro, "The early states of the Central Sudan: Kanem, Borno and some of their neighbours to c. 1500 A.D.", in: J. Ajayi und M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, vol. I, 3. ed. Harlow 1985, 225-254.
- ↑ "Three Continents, One History: Birmingham, the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Caribbean", p. 18, by Clive Harris.
- ↑ Smith, Vincent A. The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Chapter 2, pp 231-235, Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Kaw, K.; Kashmir Education, Culture, and Science Society (2004). Kashmir and Its People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. ISBN 9788176485371. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ↑ Haidar Malik Chãdurãh. Tãrîkh-i-Kashmîr. edited and translated into English by Razia Bano, Delhi, 1991. p. 55.
- ↑ David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition p. 209, I.B.Tauris, 2004. ISBN 1850434166.
- ↑ Rab-brtan-rdo-rje (Ñag-roṅ-pa.) (translated by Jamyang Norbu) (1979). Horseman in the snow: the story of Aten, an old Khampa warrior. Information Office, Central Tibetan Secretariat. p. 134.
- ↑ Jamyang Norbu (1986). Warriors of Tibet: the story of Aten, and the Khampas' fight for the freedom of their country. Wisdom Publications. p. gbooks says 46, (the actual paper says 146). ISBN 0-86171-050-9.
- ↑ Hsaio-ting Lin (1 January 2011). Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928-49. UBC Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-7748-5988-2.
- ↑ David S. G. Goodman (2004). China's campaign to "Open up the West": national, provincial, and local perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 72. ISBN 0-521-61349-3.
- ↑ Bulag, Uradyn Erden (2002). Dilemmas The Mongols at China's edge: history and the politics of national unity. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 54. ISBN 0-7425-1144-8.
- ↑ Republic of fear: the politics of modern Iraq By Kanan Makiya, chapter 2 "A World of Fear", University of California 1998
- ↑ Nagendra K. Singh (2003). Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 222–223. ISBN 81-261-1390-1.
- ↑ Shelley, Mizanur Rahman (1992). The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: The untold story. Centre for Development Research, Bangladesh. p. 129.
- ↑ Peifer, Douglas C. (in en). Stopping Mass Killings in Africa: Genocide, Airpower, and Intervention. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 9781437912814, 2009-05-01. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tOgOwSXB164C&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=50,000&source=bl&ots=gDxdHZNEgV&sig=tQB8KBkmIN2qBGzghefetUE7ITo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwig3YSDnsjRAhVI1BoKHbKaBUEQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=50,000%20isaaq%20deaths&f=false.
- ↑ Straus, Scott (in en). Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801455674, 2015-03-24. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mKWiBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT149&dq=&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi17-PMzMzRAhXLVhoKHZERA3w4ChDoAQg-MAc#v=onepage&q=%22large%20systematic%20scale%22&f=false.
- ↑ Jones, Adam (in en). Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity. Zed Books. ISBN 9781842771914, 2017-01-22. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZybbAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=By+then,+any+surviving+urban+Isaaks+-.
- ↑ "Investigating genocide in Somaliland", http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/02/investigating-genocide-somaliland-20142310820367509.html.
- ↑ Catherine L. Besteman, "Genocide in Somalia’s Jubba Valley and Somali Bantu Refugees in the U.S.", Social Science Research Council, April 9 2007 (archived), http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Besteman/.
- ↑ http://www.aina.org/articles/contestednations.pdf
- ↑ http://www.aina.org/reports/ig.pdf
- ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/06/religion.iraq
- ↑ "At least a thousand Christians have been killed. Hundreds of thousands have fled.", "As Christians Flee, Governments Pressured To Declare ISIS Guilty Of Genocide", NPR, 24 December 2015, http://www.npr.org/2015/12/24/460906980/as-christians-flee-governments-pressured-to-declare-isis-guilty-of-genocide
- ↑ 2014. Seven Egyptian Christians found shot execution-style on Libyan beach Reuters.
- ↑ Moore, Jack. "European Parliament Recognizes ISIS Killing of Religious Minorities as Genocide", February 4, 2016.
- ↑ Kaplan, Michael. "ISIS Genocide Against Christians, Yazidis? European Parliament Recognizes Islamic State Targeting Religious Minorities", February 4, 2016. “The European Parliament characterized the persecution as "genocide" Thursday.”
- ↑ JOINT MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION, European Parliament.