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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation: Difference between revisions
Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation (view source)
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'''Female Genital Mutilation''' (Arabic: ختان المرأة) is the practice of cutting away and altering the external female genitalia for ritual or religious purposes. It can involve both or either '''Clitoridectomy''' and '''Excision.''' Clitoridectomy is the amputation of part or all of the clitoris (or the removal of the clitoral prepuce). Excision is the cutting away of either or both the inner or outer labia. A third practice, '''Infibulation''' (or Pharaonic circumcision), is the paring back of the outer labia, whose cut edges are then stitched together to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. | '''Female Genital Mutilation''' (Arabic: ختان المرأة) is the practice of cutting away and altering the external female genitalia for ritual or religious purposes. It can involve both or either '''Clitoridectomy''' and '''Excision.''' Clitoridectomy is the amputation of part or all of the clitoris (or the removal of the clitoral prepuce). Excision is the cutting away of either or both the inner or outer labia. A third practice, '''Infibulation''' (or Pharaonic circumcision), is the paring back of the outer labia, whose cut edges are then stitched together to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. | ||
Neither male nor female circumcision are mentioned in the Quran, though the [[Banu Qurayza|Banu Quraysh]], Muhammad's native tribe, appears to have practiced FGM and the practice predates Islam. FGM is mentioned in several hadith. One which is graded sahih records Muhammad incidentally assuming the circumcised status of men and women; in a similar one Aisha incidentally reveals that both she and Muhammad were circumcised; in yet another an FGM practitioner is mocked during battle; while in another three hadith Muhammad endorses FGM, though those have been graded da'if (weak) yet are still used by proponents of the practice. Two hadith record the [[sahabah]] (Companions of Mohammed) engaging in | Neither male nor female circumcision are mentioned in the Quran, though the [[Banu Qurayza|Banu Quraysh]], Muhammad's native tribe, appears to have practiced FGM and the practice predates Islam. FGM is mentioned in several hadith. One which is graded sahih records Muhammad incidentally assuming the circumcised status of men and women; in a similar one Aisha incidentally reveals that both she and Muhammad were circumcised; in yet another an FGM practitioner is mocked during battle; while in another three hadith Muhammad endorses FGM, though those have been graded da'if (weak) yet are still used by proponents of the practice. Two hadith record the [[sahabah]] (Companions of Mohammed) engaging in FGM. | ||
The FGM hadith give very few clues as to ''the nature'' of the practice they approve. Hence the nature, incidence and distribution of FGM varies between countries and communities. The most significant determining factor appears to be the presiding school of Islam (fiqh). Other factors include the culture's level of anxiety around female sexuality, its proximity to Islamic slave-trade routes (Infibulation is associated with the transportation of slaves), and the nature and degree of historical Christian influence (which tends to eliminate FGM). | The FGM hadith give very few clues as to ''the nature'' of the practice they approve. Hence the nature, incidence and distribution of FGM varies between countries and communities. The most significant determining factor appears to be the presiding school of Islam (fiqh). Other factors include the culture's level of anxiety around female sexuality, its proximity to Islamic slave-trade routes (Infibulation is associated with the transportation of slaves), and the nature and degree of historical Christian influence (which tends to eliminate FGM). | ||