Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad: Difference between revisions

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In Islam [[Muhammad]] is known as '''[[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]], al-Insān al-Kāmil''', meaning in Arabic that he is the ''' 'perfect human' ''' who is ''' 'worthy of imitation' '''. As such, all of his deeds, actions, thoughts, and practices are the perfect examplars for all humans in every time in every age. For this reason, his [[Sunnah]] or traditions is one of the basic building blocks of [[Islamic Law]] (the other being the [[Qur'an]]). This tradition is preserved mostly in the [[Hadith]] collections of Muhaddiths such as [[Sahih Bukhari|Bukhari]], who wrote his books in the middle of the 9th century, and the collectors of the [[Sira]] histories of the prophet's military campaigns such as [[Sirat_Rasul_Allah|Ibn Ishaq]]. These sources impart to their readers many ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind.
In Islam [[Muhammad]] is known as '''[[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]], al-Insān al-Kāmil''', meaning in Arabic that he is the ''' 'perfect human' ''' who is ''' 'worthy of imitation' '''. As such, all of his deeds, actions, thoughts, and practices are the perfect examplars for all humans in every time in every age. For this reason, his [[Sunnah]] or traditions is one of the basic building blocks of [[Islamic Law]] (the other being the [[Qur'an]]). This tradition is preserved mostly in the [[Hadith]] collections of Muhaddiths such as [[Sahih Bukhari|Bukhari]], who wrote his books in the middle of the 9th century, and the collectors of the [[Sira]] histories of the prophet's military campaigns such as [[Sirat_Rasul_Allah|Ibn Ishaq]]. These sources impart to their readers many ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind.


From a modern secular point of view, many of these reports do not necessarily present Muhammad in a favourable light. While hadiths in general are treated with skepticism in modern academic scholarship, as well as by Islamic modernist scholars, this page primarily serves as an admittedly selective resource for those questioning the presentation of Muhammad in the Islamic tradition as a ''good example''.
The hadiths and sirah traditions about Muhammad are largely intended to portray Muhammad in a way that would seem positive to believers of the early Islamic era. From a modern secular point of view, many of these reports do not necessarily present Muhammad in a favourable light. Either way, hadiths and sirah material in general are considered to be very unreliable sources of historical information in modern academic scholarship, as well as by Islamic modernist scholars.
   
   
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|21}}|Verily in the messenger of Allah ye have '''a good example''' (أسوة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|21}}|Verily in the messenger of Allah ye have '''a good example''' (أسوة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}


==Relations of Muslims to Jews==
=Quran=
==Muhammad had been a Poor Ophan==
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|93|6|8}}|Did He not find you an orphan and give [you] refuge?
And He found you lost and guided [you],
And He found you poor and made [you] self-sufficient.}}
 
==Prophet, Messenger, Warner==
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|40}}|Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah, of all things, Knowing.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|144}}|Muhammad is not but a messenger. [Other] messengers have passed on before him. So if he was to die or be killed, would you turn back on your heels [to unbelief]? And he who turns back on his heels will never harm Allah at all; but Allah will reward the grateful.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|46|9}}|Say, "I am not something original among the messengers, nor do I know what will be done with me or with you. I only follow that which is revealed to me, and I am not but a clear warner."}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|61|6}}|And [mention] when Jesus, the son of Mary, said, "O children of Israel, indeed I am the messenger of Allah to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose name is Ahmad." But when he came to them with clear evidences, they said, "This is obvious magic."}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|48|29}}|Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those with him are forceful against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating [in prayer], seeking bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure. Their mark is on their faces from the trace of prostration. That is their description in the Torah. And their description in the Gospel is as a plant which produces its offshoots and strengthens them so they grow firm and stand upon their stalks, delighting the sowers - so that Allah may enrage by them the disbelievers. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and a great reward.}}
 
==Obedience to the Prophet==
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|3|31|32}}|Say, [O Muhammad], "If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." Say, "Obey Allah and the Messenger." But if they turn away - then indeed, Allah does not like the disbelievers}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|21}}|Verily in the messenger of Allah ye have a good example for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}
 
==Allegations Against Muhammad==
{{Main|Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|25|4|6}}|And those who disbelieve say, "This [Qur'an] is not except a falsehood he invented, and another people assisted him in it." But they have committed an injustice and a lie. And they say, "Legends of the former peoples which he has written down, and they are dictated to him morning and afternoon." Say, [O Muhammad], "It has been revealed by He who knows [every] secret within the heavens and the earth. Indeed, He is ever Forgiving and Merciful."}}
 
==Convenient Revelations==
{{Main|Convenient Revelations}}
 
A significant number of Quranic verses were of a distinctly personal benefit to the prophet. An example concerns Muhammad's excemption on the limitation of four wives for believing men set out in {{Quran|4|3}}.
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|50}}|"O Prophet (Muhammad)! Verily, We have made lawful to you your wives, to whom you have paid their Mahr (bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage), and those (captives or slaves) whom your right hand possesses -- whom God has given to you, and the daughters of your 'Amm (paternal uncles) and the daughters of your 'Ammah (paternal aunts) and the daughters of your Khâl (maternal uncles) and the daughters of your Khâlah (maternal aunts) who migrated (from Makkah) with you, and a believing woman if she offers herself to the Prophet, and the Prophet wishes to marry her; '''a privilege for you only, not for the (rest of) the believers'''."}}
 
=Hadiths=
==Good Character and Piety==
===Mercy and Good Manners===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forgiving Others|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Good_Manners (Adab)}}
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||4|25|2016}}|Abu Abdullah Al-Jadali narrated:
 
"I asked 'Aishah about the character of the Messenger of Allah. She said: 'He was not obscene, nor uttering obscenities, nor screaming in the markets, he would not return an evil with an evil, but rather he was pardoning and forgiving."}}
 
===Kindness to Children===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|64}}| Narrated Anas:
 
I served the Prophet (ﷺ) for ten years, and he never said to me, "Uf" (a minor harsh word denoting impatience) and never blamed me by saying, "Why did you do so or why didn't you do so?"}}
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|25}}|Narrated Abu Qatada:
 
The Prophet (ﷺ) came out towards us, while carrying Umamah, the daughter of Abi Al-As (his granddaughter) over his shoulder. He prayed, and when he wanted to bow, he put her down, and when he stood up, he lifted her up.}}
 
{{quote|{{Ibn Majah||1|1|142}}|It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that:
The Prophet said to Hasan: "O Allah, I love him, so love him and love those who love him." He said: "And he hugged him to his chest."}}
 
===Calmness, Pleasantness, Welcoming his Daughter===
{{{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||5198|Hasan}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:
 
I never saw anyone more like the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in respect of gravity, calm deportment, pleasant disposition - according to al-Hasan's version: in respect of talk and speech. Al-Hasan did not mention gravity, calm deportment, pleasant disposition - than Fatimah, may Allah honour her face. When she came to visit him (the Prophet) he got up to (welcome) her, took her by the hand, kissed her and made her sit where he was sitting; and when he went to visit her, she got up to (welcome) him, took him by the hand, kissed him, and made him sit where she was sitting.}}
 
===Dedication to Prayer===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|361}}|Narrated Aisha:
 
The Prophet (ﷺ) used to offer prayer at night (for such a long time) that his feet used to crack. I said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Why do you do it since Allah has forgiven you your faults of the past and those to follow?" He said, "Shouldn't I love to be a thankful slave (of Allah)?' When he became old, he prayed while sitting, but if he wanted to perform a bowing, he would get up, recite (some other verses) and then perform the bowing.}}
 
===Visited his Sick Jewish servant===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|23|438}}|Narrated Anas:
 
A young Jewish boy used to serve the Prophet (ﷺ) and he became sick. So the Prophet (ﷺ) went to visit him. He sat near his head and asked him to embrace Islam. The boy looked at his father, who was sitting there; the latter told him to obey Abul-Qasim and the boy embraced Islam. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out saying: "Praises be to Allah Who saved the boy from the Hell-fire."}}
 
==Importance of Love for the Prophet above All Others==
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|15}}|Narrated Anas:
 
The Prophet (ﷺ) said "None of you will have faith till he loves me more than his father, his children and all mankind." }}
 
==Political Skill==
===Forming Alliances===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|558}}|So the Quraish and the Ansar became angry and said, "He (i.e. the Prophet, ) gives the chief of Najd and does not give us." The Prophet said, "'''I give them''') so as to attract their hearts (to Islam).}}
 
===Peace Making===
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|49|857}}| Narrated Um Kulthum bint `Uqba:
 
That she heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "He who makes peace between the people by inventing good information or saying good things, is not a liar."}}
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|49|858}}| Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d:
 
Once the people of Quba fought with each other till they threw stones on each other. When Allah's Apostle was informed about it, he said, "Let us go to bring about a reconciliation between them."
 
Controversial among some of the believers at the time, the treaty of Hudaibiya was an important moment in early Islamic history.
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|49|862}}| Narrated Al-Bara bin `Azib:
 
When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) concluded a peace treaty with the people of Hudaibiya, `Ali bin Abu Talib wrote the document and he mentioned in it, "Muhammad, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ." The pagans said, "Don't write: 'Muhammad, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)', for if you were an apostle we would not fight with you." Allah's Apostle asked `Ali to rub it out, but `Ali said, "I will not be the person to rub it out." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) rubbed it out and made peace with them on the condition that the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions would enter Mecca and stay there for three days, and that they would enter with their weapons in cases.}}
 
==Controversies==
===Excusing Blasphemy Killing===
{{Main|List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|Islam and Freedom of Speech}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4348}}|Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace be upon him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace be upon him) and abuse him. '''So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there.''' When the morning came, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed about it.<BR><BR>He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up.<BR><BR>He sat before the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: Apostle of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her.<BR><BR>Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, '''no retaliation is payable for her blood.'''}}
 
See also {{Al Nasai||5|37|4075}}
 
===Prophecising about Fighting Jews===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book}}


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{{Quote|1={{Muslim|41|6985}}, see also {{Bukhari|4|56|791}}|2=Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews.}}
{{Quote|1={{Muslim|41|6985}}, see also {{Bukhari|4|56|791}}|2=Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews.}}


==Backbiting==
===Backbiting===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|152}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|152}}|
Narrated Aisha:
Narrated Aisha:
Line 21: Line 122:
}}
}}


==Falling Under the Influence of Magic==
===Falling Under the Influence of Magic===


{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5428}}|A'isha reported that a Jew from among the Jews of Banu Zuraiq who was called Labid b. al-A'sam cast spell upon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) with the result that he ('''under the influence of the spell''') felt that he had been doing something whereas in fact he had not been doing that. (This state of affairs lasted) until one day or during one night Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) made supplication (to dispel its effects)...}}  
{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5428}}|A'isha reported that a Jew from among the Jews of Banu Zuraiq who was called Labid b. al-A'sam cast spell upon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) with the result that he ('''under the influence of the spell''') felt that he had been doing something whereas in fact he had not been doing that. (This state of affairs lasted) until one day or during one night Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) made supplication (to dispel its effects)...}}  


==Forming Alliances==
===Muhammad's Death===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|558}}|So the Quraish and the Ansar became angry and said, "He (i.e. the Prophet, ) gives the chief of Najd and does not give us." The Prophet said, "'''I give them''') so as to attract their hearts (to Islam).}}
{{Main|Muhammad's Death|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's Death}}
 
{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5430}}|Anas reported that a Jewess came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) with poisoned mutton and he took of that what had been brought to him (Allah's Messenger). (When the effect of this poison were felt by him) he called for her and asked her about that, whereupon she said:
 
I had determined to kill you. Thereupon he said: Allah will never give you the power to do it. He (the narrator) said that they (the Companion's of the Holy Prophet) said: Should we not kill her? Thereupon he said: No. He (Anas) said: I felt (the affects of this poison) on the uvula of Allah's Messenger.}}
 
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|713}}|....Narrated 'Aisha: The Prophet in his ailment in which he died, used to say, "O 'Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cut from that poison."}}
 


==Treatment of Children==
===Command to Beat Children who Don't Pray===


{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|2|494}}, See also: {{Abudawud|2|495}}|Narrated As-Saburah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Command a boy to pray when he reaches the age of seven years. When he becomes ten years old, then '''beat him''' for prayer.}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|2|494}}, See also: {{Abudawud|2|495}}|Narrated As-Saburah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Command a boy to pray when he reaches the age of seven years. When he becomes ten years old, then '''beat him''' for prayer.}}


==Deception==
===Seeing Apparitions===
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=323}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=669}}|Then He reminds the apostle of His favour towards him when the people plotted against him ‘to kill him, or to wound him, or to drive him out; and they plotted and God plotted, and God is the best of plotters.’ i.e. I deceived them with My firm guile so that I delivered you from them.}}
 
==Seeing Apparitions==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Silliness}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Silliness}}


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(the wife the Prophet) Allah's Apostle said, "O Aisha! This is Gabriel sending his greetings to you." I said, "Peace, and Allah's Mercy be on him." 'Aisha added: The Prophet used to see things which we used not to see.}}
(the wife the Prophet) Allah's Apostle said, "O Aisha! This is Gabriel sending his greetings to you." I said, "Peace, and Allah's Mercy be on him." 'Aisha added: The Prophet used to see things which we used not to see.}}


==Attitudes of the Meccans==
===Love and Hate for the Sake of Allah===
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|56|733}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Doesn't it astonish you how Allah protects me from the Quraish's abusing and cursing? They abuse Mudhammam and curse Mudhammam while I am Muhammad (and not Mudhammam)"}}
 
==The Place of Hatred in Islam==
{{Main|Love and Hate in Islam}}
{{Main|Love and Hate in Islam}}


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{{Quote|1=[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:kr1Dz6F0i2UJ:www.kalamullah.com/Books/Al%2520Wala%2520wal%2520Bara%2520Part%25202.pdf+al+wala+wal+bara&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi13fzRcsT4DnI-E9jWw30aMdIwl7nXcAt43YkE6E4pP3DFXvbHhv3gT0JIhX_1II9SwKshIdgzl1oVEBHRMrlE2brJGS0_FhJMyxCxQwrZvgwLpEbyORLJ_ZIYbThNsVJQX-cX&sig=AHIEtbTCDWRH5lOwxN8kJrzbGYCqpFwTmwSunan Abu Dawud 40:4582 , as-Suyuti, al-Jami' as-Saghir, 1/69]|2="The strongest bond of faith is loyalty for the sake of Allah and opposition for His sake, love for the sake of Allah and enmity for His sake."}}
{{Quote|1=[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:kr1Dz6F0i2UJ:www.kalamullah.com/Books/Al%2520Wala%2520wal%2520Bara%2520Part%25202.pdf+al+wala+wal+bara&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi13fzRcsT4DnI-E9jWw30aMdIwl7nXcAt43YkE6E4pP3DFXvbHhv3gT0JIhX_1II9SwKshIdgzl1oVEBHRMrlE2brJGS0_FhJMyxCxQwrZvgwLpEbyORLJ_ZIYbThNsVJQX-cX&sig=AHIEtbTCDWRH5lOwxN8kJrzbGYCqpFwTmwSunan Abu Dawud 40:4582 , as-Suyuti, al-Jami' as-Saghir, 1/69]|2="The strongest bond of faith is loyalty for the sake of Allah and opposition for His sake, love for the sake of Allah and enmity for His sake."}}
==Homosexuality==
===Fear of Homosexuality===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality}}


{{quote |{{Al Tirmidhi||3|15|1457}}|Narrated Jabir: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What I fear most from my Ummah is the behavior of the people of Lut."}}
{{quote |{{Al Tirmidhi||3|15|1457}}|Narrated Jabir: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What I fear most from my Ummah is the behavior of the people of Lut."}}


==Humor==
===Humor===
Recommended weeping instead of laughing:
Recommended weeping instead of laughing:
{{quote| {{Bukhari|8|76|493}}| Narrated Anas:
{{quote| {{Bukhari|8|76|493}}| Narrated Anas:
Line 96: Line 197:
“Do not laugh a lot, for laughing a lot deadens the heart.”}}
“Do not laugh a lot, for laughing a lot deadens the heart.”}}


==The Prophet's Beard==
===Polygamy Disallowed for his Son in Law===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Health and Hygiene}}
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|47}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle used to visit Um Haram bint Milhan, who would offer him meals. Um-Haram was the wife of Ubada bin As-Samit. A'''llah's Apostle, once visited her and she provided him with food and started looking for lice in his head.''' Then Allah's Apostle slept, and afterwards woke up smiling. Um Haram asked, "What causes you to smile, O Allah's Apostle?" He said. "Some of my followers who (in a dream) were presented before me as fighters in Allah's Cause (on board a ship) amidst this sea cause me to smile; they were as kings on the thrones (or like kings on the thrones)." (Ishaq, a sub-narrator is not sure as to which expression the Prophet used.) Um-Haram said, "O Allah's Apostle! Invoke Allah that he makes me one of them. Allah's Apostle invoked Allah for her and slept again and woke up smiling. Once again Um Haram asked, "What makes you smile, O Allah's Apostle?" He replied, "Some of my followers were presented to me as fighters in Allah's Cause," repeating the same dream. Um-Haram said, "O Allah's Apostle! Invoke Allah that He makes me one of them." He said, "You are amongst the first ones." It happened that she sailed on the sea during the Caliphate of Mu'awlya bin Abi Sufyan, and after she disembarked, she fell down from her riding animal and died.}}
==Muhammad and the Laws of Islam==
{{quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|157}}| Narrated Al-Miswar bin Makhrama:<BR>
{{quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|157}}| Narrated Al-Miswar bin Makhrama:<BR>


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"The Messenger of Allah forbade facing the Qiblah when urinating. But I saw him, one year before he died, facing the Qiblah (while urinating)."}}
"The Messenger of Allah forbade facing the Qiblah when urinating. But I saw him, one year before he died, facing the Qiblah (while urinating)."}}


==Iconoclasm==
===Iconoclasm===


{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/DarusSalam/Hadith-4151/ Abu Dawud 4151] (removed from the USC-MSA edition)|Narrated 'Aisha: The Messenger of Allah never left in his house anything containing the figure of a cross without destroying it.}}
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/DarusSalam/Hadith-4151/ Abu Dawud 4151] (removed from the USC-MSA edition)|Narrated 'Aisha: The Messenger of Allah never left in his house anything containing the figure of a cross without destroying it.}}
Line 118: Line 215:
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/DarusSalam/Hadith-4158/ Abu Dawud 4158] (removed from the USC-MSA edition)|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah said: Gabriel came to me and said: I came to you last night and was prevented from entering simply because there were images at the door, for there was a decorated curtain with images on it in the house, and there was a dog in the house. So '''order the head of the image which is in the house to be cut off''' so that it resembles the form of a tree; order the curtain to be cut up and made into two cushions spread out on which people may tread; and order the dog to be turned out. The Messenger of Allah then did so. The dog belonged to al-Hasan or al-Husayn and was under their couch. So he ordered it to be turned out. Abu Dawud said: Al-Nadd means a thing on which clothes are placed like a couch.}}
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/DarusSalam/Hadith-4158/ Abu Dawud 4158] (removed from the USC-MSA edition)|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah said: Gabriel came to me and said: I came to you last night and was prevented from entering simply because there were images at the door, for there was a decorated curtain with images on it in the house, and there was a dog in the house. So '''order the head of the image which is in the house to be cut off''' so that it resembles the form of a tree; order the curtain to be cut up and made into two cushions spread out on which people may tread; and order the dog to be turned out. The Messenger of Allah then did so. The dog belonged to al-Hasan or al-Husayn and was under their couch. So he ordered it to be turned out. Abu Dawud said: Al-Nadd means a thing on which clothes are placed like a couch.}}


==Justice Between Believers and Non-Believers==
===Equal Retaliation for Murder only of Believers===
If a Muslim commits murder, then he should be killed as a retribution:
Muhammad is widely reported both to have said that if a Muslim commits murder, then he should be killed as a retribution:


{{Quote|{{Al Nasai||5|45|4747}}|
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai||5|45|4747}}|
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}}
}}


But if he murdered a disbeliever, everything is fine and there's no need for retribution:
But if he murdered a disbeliever, there is no such retaliation:
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|21|2660}}|
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|21|2660}}|
It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
Line 132: Line 229:
}}
}}


==Killing Child Prisoners and Hostages==
===Killing Post-Pubescent Males of Banu Qurayzah===
{{Main|The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza}}


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4390}}|Narrated Atiyyah al-Qurazi: I was among the captives of Banu Qurayzah. They (the Companions) examined us, and those who had begun to grow hair (pubes) were killed, and those who had not were not killed. I was among those who had not grown hair.}}
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4390}}|Narrated Atiyyah al-Qurazi: I was among the captives of Banu Qurayzah. They (the Companions) examined us, and those who had begun to grow hair (pubes) were killed, and those who had not were not killed. I was among those who had not grown hair.}}


==Women and Children as collateral damage==
===Women and Children as Collateral Damage===
Hadiths record that Muhammad disapproved of the killing of women and children during expeditions (also {{Muslim|19|4319}}).
Hadiths record that Muhammad disapproved of the killing of women and children during expeditions (also {{Muslim|19|4319}}).


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[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. }}
[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. }}


==Oaths==
===Speech and Magic===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Lying}}
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|67|427}}|Narrated Zahdam: We were in the company of Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari and there were friendly relations between us and this tribe of Jarm. Abu Musa was presented with a dish containing chicken. Among the people there was sitting a red-faced man who did not come near the food. Abu Musa said (to him), "Come on (and eat), for I have seen Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) eating of it (i.e. chicken)." He said, "I have seen it eating something (dirty) and since then I have disliked it, and have taken an oath that I shall not eat it ' Abu Musa said, "Come on, I will tell you (or narrate to you). Once I went to Allah s Apostle with a group of Al-Ash`ariyin, and met him while he was angry, distributing some camels of rak`at. We asked for mounts but he took an oath that he would not give us any mounts, and added, 'I have nothing to mount you on' In the meantime some camels of booty were brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he asked twice, 'Where are Al-Ash`ariyin?" So he gave us five white camels with big humps. We stayed for a short while (after we had covered a little distance), and then I said to my companions, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) has forgotten his oath. By Allah, if we do not remind Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) of his oath, we will never be successful." So we returned to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! We asked you for mounts, but you took an oath that you would not give us any mounts; we think that you have forgotten your oath.' He said, 'It is Allah Who has given you mounts. '''By Allah, and Allah willing, if I take an oath and later find something else better than that. then I do what is better and expiate my oath.' "'''}}
 
==Speech and Magic==
Muhammad said that eloquent speech is magic:
Muhammad said that eloquent speech is magic:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|76}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|76}}|
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{{Quote|{{Abudawud|41|4987}}|The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: '''Allah''' , the Exalted, '''hates the eloquent one''' among men who moves his tongue round (among his teeth), as cattle do. }}
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|41|4987}}|The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: '''Allah''' , the Exalted, '''hates the eloquent one''' among men who moves his tongue round (among his teeth), as cattle do. }}


==Mary's Mother of Jesus==
===Mary Mother of Jesus will be his Wife in Heaven===


{{Quote|al-Siyuti (6/395)|Muhammad said, “In heaven, Mary mother of Jesus, will be one of my wives.”}}
{{Quote|al-Siyuti (6/395)|Muhammad said, “In heaven, Mary mother of Jesus, will be one of my wives.”}}


{{Quote| Tabarani|"The Messenger of God ... said, ‘God married me in paradise to Mary the daughter of 'Imran and to the wife of Pharaoh and the sister of Moses.’" <ref>Ibn Kathir, Qisas al-Anbiya [Cairo: Dar al-Kutub, 1968/1388], p. 381- as cited in Aliah Schleifer's Mary The Blessed Virgin of Islam [Fons Vitae; ISBN: 1887752021; July 1, 1998], p. 64;</ref>}}
{{Quote| Tabarani|"The Messenger of God ... said, ‘God married me in paradise to Mary the daughter of 'Imran and to the wife of Pharaoh and the sister of Moses.’" <ref>Ibn Kathir, Qisas al-Anbiya [Cairo: Dar al-Kutub, 1968/1388], p. 381- as cited in Aliah Schleifer's Mary The Blessed Virgin of Islam [Fons Vitae; ISBN: 1887752021; July 1, 1998], p. 64;</ref>}}
==Mass Executions==
===Ordering Executions===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Mass Murder}}
{{Main|List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Ordering Executions}}


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=463-465}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=239-242}}|In the morning they submitted to the apostle’s judgement and al-Aus leapt up and said, ‘O Apostle, they are our allies, not allies of Khazraj, and you know how you recently treated the allies of our brethren.’ Now the apostle had besieged B, Qaynuqa who were allies of al-Khazraj and when they submitted to his judgement 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul had asked him for them and he gave them to him; so when al-Aus spoke thus the apostle said. Will you be satisfied, O Aus, if one of your own number pronounces judgement on them?’ When they agreed he said that Sa'd b.
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=463-465}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=239-242}}|In the morning they submitted to the apostle’s judgement and al-Aus leapt up and said, ‘O Apostle, they are our allies, not allies of Khazraj, and you know how you recently treated the allies of our brethren.’ Now the apostle had besieged B, Qaynuqa who were allies of al-Khazraj and when they submitted to his judgement 'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul had asked him for them and he gave them to him; so when al-Aus spoke thus the apostle said. Will you be satisfied, O Aus, if one of your own number pronounces judgement on them?’ When they agreed he said that Sa'd b.
Line 202: Line 295:


Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr told me from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr that ‘A’isha said: ‘Only one of their women was killed. She was actually with me and was talking with me and laughing immoderately as the apostle was killing her men in the market when suddenly an unseen voice called her name. ‘Good heavens,’ I cried, ‘what is the matter?’ ‘I am to be killed,’ she replied. ‘What for?’ I asked. ‘Because of something I did,’ she answered. She was taken away and beheaded. ‘A’isha used to say, ‘I shall never forget my wonder at her good spirits and her loud laughter when all the time she knew' that she would be killed’.}}
Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr told me from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr that ‘A’isha said: ‘Only one of their women was killed. She was actually with me and was talking with me and laughing immoderately as the apostle was killing her men in the market when suddenly an unseen voice called her name. ‘Good heavens,’ I cried, ‘what is the matter?’ ‘I am to be killed,’ she replied. ‘What for?’ I asked. ‘Because of something I did,’ she answered. She was taken away and beheaded. ‘A’isha used to say, ‘I shall never forget my wonder at her good spirits and her loud laughter when all the time she knew' that she would be killed’.}}
==The Exalted Position of the Prophet==
===The Exalted Position of the Prophet===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|13}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: "Allah's Apostle said, "By Him in Whose Hands my life is, '''none of you will have faith till he loves me more than his father and his children.'''"}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|2|13}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: "Allah's Apostle said, "By Him in Whose Hands my life is, '''none of you will have faith till he loves me more than his father and his children.'''"}}
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|170}}|Narrated Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu'alla: While I was praying, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) passed me and called me, but I did not go to him until I had finished the prayer. Then I went to him, and he said, "What prevented you from coming to me? Didn't Allah say:-- "O you who believe! Answer the call of Allah (by obeying Him) and His Apostle when He calls you?" He then said, "I will inform you of the greatest Sura in the Qur'an before I leave (the mosque)." When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got ready to leave (the mosque), I reminded him. He said, "It is: 'Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.' (i.e. Surat-al-Fatiha) As-sab'a Al-Mathani (the seven repeatedly recited Verses).}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|170}}|Narrated Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu'alla: While I was praying, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) passed me and called me, but I did not go to him until I had finished the prayer. Then I went to him, and he said, "What prevented you from coming to me? Didn't Allah say:-- "O you who believe! Answer the call of Allah (by obeying Him) and His Apostle when He calls you?" He then said, "I will inform you of the greatest Sura in the Qur'an before I leave (the mosque)." When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got ready to leave (the mosque), I reminded him. He said, "It is: 'Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.' (i.e. Surat-al-Fatiha) As-sab'a Al-Mathani (the seven repeatedly recited Verses).}}


==The Prophet's Weight==
===The Prophet's Weight===


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=383}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=86}}|The apostle made for a rock on the mountain to climb it. He had become heavy by reason of his age, and moreover he had put on two coats of mail, so when he tried to get up he could not do so. Talha b. ‘Ubaydullah squatted beneath him and lifted him up until he settled comfortably upon it.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=383}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=86}}|The apostle made for a rock on the mountain to climb it. He had become heavy by reason of his age, and moreover he had put on two coats of mail, so when he tried to get up he could not do so. Talha b. ‘Ubaydullah squatted beneath him and lifted him up until he settled comfortably upon it.}}


==Child Marriage==
===Marrying a Child===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3310}}|A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Apostle (Mohammad) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3310}}|A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Apostle (Mohammad) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.}}
==Taking War Booty==
===Share of War Booty===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Plundering}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Booty}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|59|7}}|And what Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and orphans and the [stranded] traveler - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.}}


{{Quote|[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page&#61;bookcontents&idfrom&#61;5302&idto&#61;5303&bk_no&#61;52&ID&#61;1860 Sahih Bukhari 2757 (Mu'allaq hadith)]; see English reference in footnote|Narrated Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (SA) said, '''"My livelihood is under the shade of my spear,(1) and he who disobeys my orders will be humiliated by paying Jizya"''' Footnote: (1) '''"Under the shade of my spear" means "from war booty"'''.<ref>The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Vol.IV (page 104) by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Islamic University—Al-Medina Al-Munauwara</ref>}}
{{Quote|[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page&#61;bookcontents&idfrom&#61;5302&idto&#61;5303&bk_no&#61;52&ID&#61;1860 Sahih Bukhari 2757 (Mu'allaq hadith)]; see English reference in footnote|Narrated Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (SA) said, '''"My livelihood is under the shade of my spear,(1) and he who disobeys my orders will be humiliated by paying Jizya"''' Footnote: (1) '''"Under the shade of my spear" means "from war booty"'''.<ref>The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Vol.IV (page 104) by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Islamic University—Al-Medina Al-Munauwara</ref>}}
==Polygamy==
===Polygamy===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines|l1=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's Wives and Concubines}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines|l1=Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's Wives and Concubines}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|5|268|}}|Narrated Qatada: Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet used to visit all his wives in a round, during the day and night '''and they were eleven in number.'''" I asked Anas, "Had the Prophet the strength for it?" Anas replied, "We used to say that the Prophet was given the strength of thirty (men)." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not eleven).}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|5|268|}}|Narrated Qatada: Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet used to visit all his wives in a round, during the day and night '''and they were eleven in number.'''" I asked Anas, "Had the Prophet the strength for it?" Anas replied, "We used to say that the Prophet was given the strength of thirty (men)." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not eleven).}}
==The Prophet's Revelations and His Own Benefit==
===The Prophet's Revelations and His Own Benefit===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad the Privileged}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad the Privileged}}


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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|311}}|Narrated Aisha: I used to look down upon those ladies who had given themselves to Allah's Apostle and I used to say, "Can a lady give herself (to a man)?" But when Allah revealed: "You (O Muhammad) can postpone (the turn of) whom you will of them (your wives), and you may receive any of them whom you will; and there is no blame on you if you invite one whose turn you have set aside (temporarily).' (33.51) I said (to the Prophet), '''"I feel that your Lord hastens in fulfilling your wishes and desires."'''}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|6|60|311}}|Narrated Aisha: I used to look down upon those ladies who had given themselves to Allah's Apostle and I used to say, "Can a lady give herself (to a man)?" But when Allah revealed: "You (O Muhammad) can postpone (the turn of) whom you will of them (your wives), and you may receive any of them whom you will; and there is no blame on you if you invite one whose turn you have set aside (temporarily).' (33.51) I said (to the Prophet), '''"I feel that your Lord hastens in fulfilling your wishes and desires."'''}}


==Public nudity==
===Public nudity===
Muhammad was naked while building the Kaba:
Muhammad was naked while building the Kaba:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|8|360}}|Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|8|360}}|Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah:
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While Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was carrying stones (along) with the people of Mecca for (the building of) the Ka`ba wearing an Izar (waist-sheet cover), his uncle Al-`Abbas said to him, "O my nephew! (It would be better) if you take off your Izar and put it over your shoulders underneath the stones." So he took off his Izar and put it over his shoulders, but he fell unconscious and since then he had never been seen naked.}}
While Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was carrying stones (along) with the people of Mecca for (the building of) the Ka`ba wearing an Izar (waist-sheet cover), his uncle Al-`Abbas said to him, "O my nephew! (It would be better) if you take off your Izar and put it over your shoulders underneath the stones." So he took off his Izar and put it over his shoulders, but he fell unconscious and since then he had never been seen naked.}}


==The Appearance of Black People==
===Description of Black People===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Racism}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Racism}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|256}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle said, "You should listen to and obey, your ruler even if he was an Ethiopian (black) slave whose '''head looks like a raisin.'''"|See Also {{Bukhari|1|11|662}}, {{Bukhari|1|11|664}}}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|89|256}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle said, "You should listen to and obey, your ruler even if he was an Ethiopian (black) slave whose '''head looks like a raisin.'''"|See Also {{Bukhari|1|11|662}}, {{Bukhari|1|11|664}}}}


==Rape and Sexual Consent==
===Rape and Sexual Consent===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl}}
{{Main|Rape in Islamic Law|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|8|367}}|Narrated 'Abdul 'Aziz: Anas said, 'When Allah's Apostle invaded Khaibar, we offered the Fajr prayer there yearly in the morning) when it was still dark. The Prophet rode and Abu Talha rode too and I was riding behind Abu Talha. The Prophet passed through the lane of Khaibar quickly and my knee was touching the thigh of the Prophet . He uncovered his thigh and I saw the whiteness of the thigh of the Prophet. When he entered the town, he said, 'Allahu Akbar! Khaibar is ruined. Whenever we approach near a (hostile) nation (to fight) then evil will be the morning of those who have been warned.' He repeated this thrice. The people came out for their jobs and some of them said, 'Muhammad (has come).' (Some of our companions added, "With his army.") We conquered Khaibar, took the captives, and the booty was collected. Dihya came and said, 'O Allah's Prophet! Give me a slave girl from the captives.' The Prophet said, 'Go and take any slave girl.' He took Safiya bint Huyai. A man came to the Prophet and said, 'O Allah's Apostles! You gave Safiya bint Huyai to Dihya and she is the chief mistress of the tribes of Quraiza and An-Nadir and she befits none but you.' So the Prophet said, 'Bring him along with her.' So Dihya came with her and when the Prophet saw her, he said to Dihya, 'Take any slave girl other than her from the captives.' Anas added: The Prophet then manumitted her and married her." <BR><BR>Thabit asked Anas, "O Abu Hamza! What did the Prophet pay her (as Mahr)?" He said, "Her self was her Mahr for he manumitted her and then married her." Anas added, "While on the way, Um Sulaim dressed her for marriage (ceremony) and at night she sent her as a bride to the Prophet .}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|8|367}}|Narrated 'Abdul 'Aziz: Anas said, 'When Allah's Apostle invaded Khaibar, we offered the Fajr prayer there yearly in the morning) when it was still dark. The Prophet rode and Abu Talha rode too and I was riding behind Abu Talha. The Prophet passed through the lane of Khaibar quickly and my knee was touching the thigh of the Prophet . He uncovered his thigh and I saw the whiteness of the thigh of the Prophet. When he entered the town, he said, 'Allahu Akbar! Khaibar is ruined. Whenever we approach near a (hostile) nation (to fight) then evil will be the morning of those who have been warned.' He repeated this thrice. The people came out for their jobs and some of them said, 'Muhammad (has come).' (Some of our companions added, "With his army.") We conquered Khaibar, took the captives, and the booty was collected. Dihya came and said, 'O Allah's Prophet! Give me a slave girl from the captives.' The Prophet said, 'Go and take any slave girl.' He took Safiya bint Huyai. A man came to the Prophet and said, 'O Allah's Apostles! You gave Safiya bint Huyai to Dihya and she is the chief mistress of the tribes of Quraiza and An-Nadir and she befits none but you.' So the Prophet said, 'Bring him along with her.' So Dihya came with her and when the Prophet saw her, he said to Dihya, 'Take any slave girl other than her from the captives.' Anas added: The Prophet then manumitted her and married her." <BR><BR>Thabit asked Anas, "O Abu Hamza! What did the Prophet pay her (as Mahr)?" He said, "Her self was her Mahr for he manumitted her and then married her." Anas added, "While on the way, Um Sulaim dressed her for marriage (ceremony) and at night she sent her as a bride to the Prophet .}}


==Reliability==
===Delayed Revelations===
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=136-137}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|pages=301-302}}|They came to the apostle and called upon him to answer these questions. He said to them, 'I will give you your answer tomorrow,' but he did not say, 'if God will.' So they went away; and the apostle, so they say, waited for fifteen days without a revelation from God on the matter, nor did Gabriel come to him, so that the people of Mecca began to spread evil reports, saying, 'Muhammad promised us an answer on the morrow, and today is the fifteenth day we have remained without an answer.' This delay caused the apostle great sorrow, until Gabriel brought him the Chapter of the Cave, in which he reproaches him for his sadness, and told him the answers of their questions, the youths, the mighty traveller, and the spirit.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=136-137}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|pages=301-302}}|They came to the apostle and called upon him to answer these questions. He said to them, 'I will give you your answer tomorrow,' but he did not say, 'if God will.' So they went away; and the apostle, so they say, waited for fifteen days without a revelation from God on the matter, nor did Gabriel come to him, so that the people of Mecca began to spread evil reports, saying, 'Muhammad promised us an answer on the morrow, and today is the fifteenth day we have remained without an answer.' This delay caused the apostle great sorrow, until Gabriel brought him the Chapter of the Cave, in which he reproaches him for his sadness, and told him the answers of their questions, the youths, the mighty traveller, and the spirit.}}
The following hadith indicates that people ''knew'' where the Qur'an came from (that is, it was fabricated by Muhammad and not narrated by God):


{{quote|{{bukhari|7|62|115}}|Narrated Ibn 'Umar<BR>
{{quote|{{bukhari|7|62|115}}|Narrated Ibn 'Umar<BR>
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During the lifetime of the Prophet we used to avoid chatting leisurely and freely with our wives lest some Divine inspiration might be revealed concerning us. But when the Prophet had died, we started chatting leisurely and freely (with them).}}
During the lifetime of the Prophet we used to avoid chatting leisurely and freely with our wives lest some Divine inspiration might be revealed concerning us. But when the Prophet had died, we started chatting leisurely and freely (with them).}}


==Sexual Prowess==
===Sexual Prowess===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|142}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet used to pass by (have sexual relation with) all his wives in one night, and at that time he had nine wives.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|142}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet used to pass by (have sexual relation with) all his wives in one night, and at that time he had nine wives.}}
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{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3240}}|Jabir reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saw a woman, and so he came to his wife, Zainab, as she was tanning a leather and had sexual intercourse with her. He then went to his Companions and told them: The woman advances and retires in the shape of a devil, so when one of you sees a woman, he should come to his wife, for that will repel what he feels in his heart.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3240}}|Jabir reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) saw a woman, and so he came to his wife, Zainab, as she was tanning a leather and had sexual intercourse with her. He then went to his Companions and told them: The woman advances and retires in the shape of a devil, so when one of you sees a woman, he should come to his wife, for that will repel what he feels in his heart.}}


==Slavery==
===Slave Ownership===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery}}


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{{Quote||Moahmmed's Maid Slaves "are Salma Um Rafi', Maymuna daughter of Abu Asib, Maymuna daughter of Sa'd, Khadra, Radwa, Razina, Um Damira, Rayhana, Mary the Coptic, in addition to two other maid-slaves, one of them given to him as a present by his cousin, Zaynab, and the other one captured in a war."<ref name="Zad al-Ma'ad"></ref>}}
{{Quote||Moahmmed's Maid Slaves "are Salma Um Rafi', Maymuna daughter of Abu Asib, Maymuna daughter of Sa'd, Khadra, Radwa, Razina, Um Damira, Rayhana, Mary the Coptic, in addition to two other maid-slaves, one of them given to him as a present by his cousin, Zaynab, and the other one captured in a war."<ref name="Zad al-Ma'ad"></ref>}}


==Saliva==
===Putting his Saliva on People===
Into drinks:
Into drinks:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|6091}}|Abu Musa reported: I was in the company of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as he had been sitting in Ji'rana (a place) between Mecca and Medina and Bilal was also there, that there came to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) a desert Arab, and he said: Muhammad, fulfill your promise that you made with me. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him: Accept glad tidings. Thereupon the desert Arab said: You shower glad tidings upon me very much; then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) turned towards Abu Musa and Bilal seemingly in a state of annoyance and said: Verily he has rejected glad tidings but you two should accept them. We said: Allah's Messenger, we have readily accepted them. Then '''Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) called for a cup of water and washed his hands in that and face too and put the saliva in it and then said: Drink out of it and pour it over your faces and over your chest and gladden yourselves.''' They took hold of the cup and did as Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had commanded them to do. Thereupon Umm Salama called from behind the veil: Spare some water in your vessel for your mother also, and they also gave some water which had been spared for her.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|6091}}|Abu Musa reported: I was in the company of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as he had been sitting in Ji'rana (a place) between Mecca and Medina and Bilal was also there, that there came to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) a desert Arab, and he said: Muhammad, fulfill your promise that you made with me. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him: Accept glad tidings. Thereupon the desert Arab said: You shower glad tidings upon me very much; then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) turned towards Abu Musa and Bilal seemingly in a state of annoyance and said: Verily he has rejected glad tidings but you two should accept them. We said: Allah's Messenger, we have readily accepted them. Then '''Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) called for a cup of water and washed his hands in that and face too and put the saliva in it and then said: Drink out of it and pour it over your faces and over your chest and gladden yourselves.''' They took hold of the cup and did as Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had commanded them to do. Thereupon Umm Salama called from behind the veil: Spare some water in your vessel for your mother also, and they also gave some water which had been spared for her.}}
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{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5918}}|Sahl b. Sa'd reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said on the Day of Khaibar: I would certainly give this standard to a person at whose hand Allah would grant victory and who loves Allah and His Messenger and Allah and His Messenger love him also. The people spent the night thinking as to whom it would be given. When it was morning the people hastened to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) all of them hoping that that would be given to him. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Where is 'Ali b. Abu Talib? They said: Allah's Messenger, his eyes are sore. He then sent for him and he was brought and '''Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) applied saliva to his eyes and invoked blessings and he was all right''', as if he had no ailment at all, and conferred upon him the standard. 'Ali said: Allah's Messenger, I will fight them until they are like us. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Advance cautiously until you reach their open places, thereafter invite them to Islam and inform them what is obligatory for them from the rights of Allah, for, by Allah, if Allah guides aright even one person through you that is better for you than to possess the most valuable of the camels.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5918}}|Sahl b. Sa'd reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said on the Day of Khaibar: I would certainly give this standard to a person at whose hand Allah would grant victory and who loves Allah and His Messenger and Allah and His Messenger love him also. The people spent the night thinking as to whom it would be given. When it was morning the people hastened to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) all of them hoping that that would be given to him. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Where is 'Ali b. Abu Talib? They said: Allah's Messenger, his eyes are sore. He then sent for him and he was brought and '''Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) applied saliva to his eyes and invoked blessings and he was all right''', as if he had no ailment at all, and conferred upon him the standard. 'Ali said: Allah's Messenger, I will fight them until they are like us. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Advance cautiously until you reach their open places, thereafter invite them to Islam and inform them what is obligatory for them from the rights of Allah, for, by Allah, if Allah guides aright even one person through you that is better for you than to possess the most valuable of the camels.}}


==Despair==
===Despair===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|87|111}}|...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|87|111}}|...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before.}}


==Terror in War==
===Terror in War===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Fear and Terror in War}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Fear and Terror in War}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|220}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "I have been sent with the shortest expressions bearing the widest meanings, and '''I have been made victorious with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy)''', and while I was sleeping, the keys of the treasures of the world were brought to me and put in my hand." Abu Huraira added: Allah's Apostle has left the world and now you, people, are bringing out those treasures (i.e. the Prophet did not benefit by them).}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|220}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "I have been sent with the shortest expressions bearing the widest meanings, and '''I have been made victorious with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy)''', and while I was sleeping, the keys of the treasures of the world were brought to me and put in my hand." Abu Huraira added: Allah's Apostle has left the world and now you, people, are bringing out those treasures (i.e. the Prophet did not benefit by them).}}


==Torture==
===Torture===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Torture}}


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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|626}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to c awl." The Prophet added, "Certainly I decided to order the Mu'adh-dhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then '''take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses.'''"}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|626}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to c awl." The Prophet added, "Certainly I decided to order the Mu'adh-dhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then '''take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses.'''"}}


==Cleanliness==
===Warmongering===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|13|25}}|Narrated Aisha:
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and War}}
 
(the wife of the Prophet) The people used to come from their abodes and from Al-'Awali (i.e. outskirts of Medina up to a distance of four miles or more from Medina). They used to pass through dust and used to be drenched with sweat and covered with dust; so sweat used to trickle from them. One of them came to Allah's Apostle who was in my house. The Prophet said to him, "I wish that you keep yourself clean on this day of yours (i.e. take a bath)."}}
 
==Warmongering==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Warmongering}}


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=15}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=407}}|In this year, according to all the Sirah-writers, the Messenger of God personally led the expedition of Al-Abwa', or, as it is sometimes called, Waddan; the two places are six miles apart and opposite one another " When he went there, the Messenger of God left Sa'd b. 'Ubadah b. Dulaym in command of Medina ' On this expedition his banner was carried b y Hamzah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, and was, it is said, white.
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=15}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=407}}|In this year, according to all the Sirah-writers, the Messenger of God personally led the expedition of Al-Abwa', or, as it is sometimes called, Waddan; the two places are six miles apart and opposite one another " When he went there, the Messenger of God left Sa'd b. 'Ubadah b. Dulaym in command of Medina ' On this expedition his banner was carried b y Hamzah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, and was, it is said, white.
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According to Al-Waqidi: Then the Messenger of God went on an expedition at the head of two hundred of his companions in the month of Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623), and reached Buwat. His intention was to intercept the caravan of Quraysh, led by Umayyah b. Khalaf with a hundred men of Quraysh and two thousand five hundred camels. In the end he returned to Medina without fighting. His banner was carried by Sa'd b. Abi Waggas, and he left Sa'd b. Mu'adh in command of Medina during this expedition.}}
According to Al-Waqidi: Then the Messenger of God went on an expedition at the head of two hundred of his companions in the month of Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623), and reached Buwat. His intention was to intercept the caravan of Quraysh, led by Umayyah b. Khalaf with a hundred men of Quraysh and two thousand five hundred camels. In the end he returned to Medina without fighting. His banner was carried by Sa'd b. Abi Waggas, and he left Sa'd b. Mu'adh in command of Medina during this expedition.}}


==White Complexion==
===White Complexion===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad's White Complexion}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|63}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: While we were sitting with the Prophet in the mosque, a man came riding on a camel. He made his camel kneel down in the mosque, tied its foreleg and then said: "Who amongst you is Muhammad?" At that time the Prophet was sitting amongst us (his companions) leaning on his arm. We replied, '''"This white man reclining on his arm."''' The an then addressed him, "O Son of 'Abdul Muttalib."...}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|63}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: While we were sitting with the Prophet in the mosque, a man came riding on a camel. He made his camel kneel down in the mosque, tied its foreleg and then said: "Who amongst you is Muhammad?" At that time the Prophet was sitting amongst us (his companions) leaning on his arm. We replied, '''"This white man reclining on his arm."''' The an then addressed him, "O Son of 'Abdul Muttalib."...}}
==Wealth==
===Wealth===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|37|495}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|37|495}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:  
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|497}}|Narrated Abu Masud Al-Ansar: Whenever Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) ordered us to give in charity, we used to go to the market and work as porters and get a Mudd (a special measure of grain) and then give it in charity. '''(Those were the days of poverty) and today some of us have one hundred thousand.'''}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|497}}|Narrated Abu Masud Al-Ansar: Whenever Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) ordered us to give in charity, we used to go to the market and work as porters and get a Mudd (a special measure of grain) and then give it in charity. '''(Those were the days of poverty) and today some of us have one hundred thousand.'''}}
==Wife Beating==
===Hurting his Wife===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women}}
{{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Violence Against Women}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|2127}}|... He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. '''He struck me on the chest which caused me pain''', and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you?..."}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|2127}}|... He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. '''He struck me on the chest which caused me pain''', and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you?..."}}


==See Also==
==See Also==
{{Hub5|Muhammad - Primary Sources|Muhammad (Primary Sources)|Muhammad (Primary Sources)}}


{{Translation-links-english|[[Korán, hadísy a učenci: Mohamed|Czech]]}}
{{Translation-links-english|[[Korán, hadísy a učenci: Mohamed|Czech]]}}
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