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However, FGM ''does'' share one characteristic with Rites of Passage - they both involve a deliberate ordeal, a 'destructive nature', which brings about permanent physical and psychological changes.   
However, FGM ''does'' share one characteristic with Rites of Passage - they both involve a deliberate ordeal, a 'destructive nature', which brings about permanent physical and psychological changes.   


This is most clearly reflected in the fact that anaesthetics are generally not used, even when available.  [[File:Indonesia - susanfemalecircumcision-1.jpg|thumb|Medicalised FGM in Indonesia - note the apparent lack of anaesthesia (see also [https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/nov/18/female-genital-mutilation-circumcision-indonesia The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation] The Guardian 2012) |alt=]]
This is most clearly reflected in the fact that anaesthetics are generally not used, even when available.  {{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-044528/https://www.unfpa.org/pcm/node/9481 Female genital mutilation (FGM) frequently asked questions, UNFPA (2020)]|'''Anaesthetic and antiseptics are generally not used''' unless the procedure is carried out by medical practitioners.}}[[File:Indonesia - susanfemalecircumcision-1.jpg|thumb|Medicalised FGM in Indonesia - note the apparent lack of anaesthesia (see also [https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/nov/18/female-genital-mutilation-circumcision-indonesia The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation] The Guardian 2012) |alt=]]{{Quote|[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/81227.Infidel p32 'Infidel' by Ayaan Hirsi Ali (2007)]|She caught hold of me and gripped my upper body [...] Two other women held my legs apart. The man [...] picked up a pair of scissors [...] Then the scissors went down between my legs and the man cut off my inner labia and clitoris. I heard it, like a butcher snipping the fat off a piece of meant. A piercing pain shot up between my legs, indescribable, and I howled. Then came the sewing: the long, blunt needle clumsily pushed into my bleeding outer labia, my loud and anguished protests, Grandma's words of comfort and encouragement [...] That is all I can recall of it.
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{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-044528/https://www.unfpa.org/pcm/node/9481 Female genital mutilation (FGM) frequently asked questions, UNFPA (2020)]|Anaesthetic and antiseptics are generally not used unless the procedure is carried out by medical practitioners.}}{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-042745/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13131835.i-screaming-mother/ 'I was screaming for my mother' (2013)]|I remember I was screaming for my grandmother and my mother to help me but no-one did. I wasn't given any medication before or after - not anaesthetic, nothing.}}{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-043109/https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19042103/female-genital-mutilation-survivor/ 'My Clitoris Was Cut Off When I Was 11' (2018)]|The pain was excruciating, and it's difficult to compare it to anything, even to the pain of rape, which I suffered later in life. The physical pain, sharp, cutting, but never ending, was only made worse by the emotional pain. What was happening? Why had our parents allowed this to happen? What should we fear next? I didn’t talk to my sister, and she didn’t talk to me.}}{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-045044/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/fgm-survivor-speaks-horrific-experience-9518964 FGM survivor speaks of her horrific experience (2015)]|“I heard my two sisters screaming and then saw an old woman coming to get me and I started running but there was nowhere to go and no-one to run to [...] As soon as I got in the backyard I saw my two sisters lying on the floor bleeding excessively whilst the cutter had covered their faces with scarves. Then one of them held me down on the floor, others tied by eyes, covered my mouth and stretched my legs apart and then I felt a sharp cut in between my legs. '''It was the worst pain of my life''' and I screamed for help but no-one came to help me.}}[[File:Fgm-in-the-middle-east.jpg|thumb|Iraqi Kurdish four-year-old Shwen screams during her circumcision in Suleimaniyah on April 14, 2009]]
But I do remember [my sister's] bloodcurdling howls.}}{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-042745/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13131835.i-screaming-mother/ 'I was screaming for my mother' (2013)]|I remember I was screaming for my grandmother and my mother to help me but no-one did. I wasn't given any medication before or after - '''not anaesthetic, nothing'''.}}{{Quote|Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Survivor Tells Her Story (2016) - youtu.be/jlyj9hgdbrQ|My aunt was a doctor, so when she led me downstairs for a clinic and instructed me to lie flat on my back on her operating table I didn't think to question her authority. '''With no anesthetic''' and very littlewarning she performed a ritualized cut.}}[[File:Fgm-in-the-middle-east.jpg|thumb|Iraqi Kurdish four-year-old Shwen screams during her circumcision in Suleimaniyah on April 14, 2009]]{{Quote|{{cite web
[[File:Endfgm-campaign-video-016.jpg|thumb|TUZ KHURMATU, IRAQ - AUGUST 25: In northern Iraq, a midwife slices part of seven year-old Sheelan Anwar Omer's genitals while performing a female circumcision. Female circumcision is a rite of passage for most girls in Kurdistan. It is meant to "cleanse" them of improper or sexual thoughts and actions.  A woman who served as an escort for The Washington Post via Getty Images, left, rushed in to comfort the child. Maharoub Juwad Nawchas, the 40-year-old midwife back to camera, also delivered Omer and is a trusted and valued member of the neighborhood. Sheelan's mother, right, holds her. Photographed August, 25, 2008 in Tuz Khurmatu, Iraq. (Photo by Andrea Bruce/The Washington Post via Getty Images)<ref>Image cropped from larger photo - for original see http://archive.today/2021.04.26-065336/https://i0.wp.com/freethoughtblogs.com/taslima/files/2012/06/Kurdish-girl.jpg?ssl=1</ref>]]
| title      = 'A horrific nightmare' Female genital mutilation survivor shares her …
| url        = https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-thursday-edition-1.3784062/a-horrific-nightmare-female-genital-mutilation-survivor-shares-her-story-in-ottawa-1.3784067
| date        = 2021-04-27
| archiveurl  = http://archive.today/WZa8A
| archivedate = 2021-04-27 }}|They were dirty razors. That is the razor that she will use for 10 or 20 girls that day. No hygiene involved, nothing. '''No anesthesia at all'''. You are just butchered. You could see your flesh. You could see your blood all over her hands. It was a complete, utter horrific, nightmare.}}{{Quote|{{cite web
| title      = Butter knife or sharp blade? Either way, FGM survivors in Sri Lanka w…
| url        = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-women-fgm-idUSKBN1DM023
| date        = 2021-04-27
| archiveurl  = http://archive.today/U2kUP
| archivedate = 2021-04-27 }}|The room where a doctor, his wife and an assistant were waiting; her legs spread and held down as the doctor approached with a blade, '''inflicting agonizing pain with no anesthetic'''.}}{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-043109/https://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/a19042103/female-genital-mutilation-survivor/ 'My Clitoris Was Cut Off When I Was 11' (2018)]|The pain was excruciating, and it's difficult to compare it to anything, even to the pain of rape, which I suffered later in life. The physical pain, sharp, cutting, but never ending, was only made worse by the emotional pain. What was happening? Why had our parents allowed this to happen? What should we fear next? I didn’t talk to my sister, and she didn’t talk to me.}}{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.27-045044/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/fgm-survivor-speaks-horrific-experience-9518964 FGM survivor speaks of her horrific experience (2015)]|I heard my two sisters screaming and then saw an old woman coming to get me and I started running but there was nowhere to go and no-one to run to [...] As soon as I got in the backyard I saw my two sisters lying on the floor bleeding excessively whilst the cutter had covered their faces with scarves. Then one of them held me down on the floor, others tied by eyes, covered my mouth and stretched my legs apart and then I felt a sharp cut in between my legs. '''It was the worst pain of my life''' and I screamed for help but no-one came to help me.}}[[File:Endfgm-campaign-video-016.jpg|thumb|TUZ KHURMATU, IRAQ - AUGUST 25: In northern Iraq, a midwife slices part of seven year-old Sheelan Anwar Omer's genitals while performing a female circumcision. Female circumcision is a rite of passage for most girls in Kurdistan. It is meant to "cleanse" them of improper or sexual thoughts and actions.  A woman who served as an escort for The Washington Post via Getty Images, left, rushed in to comfort the child. Maharoub Juwad Nawchas, the 40-year-old midwife back to camera, also delivered Omer and is a trusted and valued member of the neighborhood. Sheelan's mother, right, holds her. Photographed August, 25, 2008 in Tuz Khurmatu, Iraq. (Photo by Andrea Bruce/The Washington Post via Getty Images)<ref>Image cropped from larger photo - for original see http://archive.today/2021.04.26-065336/https://i0.wp.com/freethoughtblogs.com/taslima/files/2012/06/Kurdish-girl.jpg?ssl=1</ref>]]
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{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.26-081530/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/female-genital-mutilation-no-anaesthetic-before-she-cut-me-1.2093014 Mehret Yemane describing how, as a nine or 10-year-old in Sudan, she underwent FGM for the fourth time in her short life. Irish Times (2015)]|“My brothers held my legs, the elder held the blade. There was no anaesthetic before she cut me.}}
{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2021.04.26-081530/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/female-genital-mutilation-no-anaesthetic-before-she-cut-me-1.2093014 Mehret Yemane describing how, as a nine or 10-year-old in Sudan, she underwent FGM for the fourth time in her short life. Irish Times (2015)]|My brothers held my legs, the elder held the blade. '''There was no anaesthetic before she cut me'''.}}{{Quote|{{cite web
| title      = FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION AT NINE YEARS OLD: A SURVIVOR SPEAKS OUT  …
| url        = https://glam4good.com/female-genital-mutilation-at-nine-years-old-a-survivor-speaks-out/
| date        = 2021-04-27
| archiveurl  = http://archive.today/T79HL
| archivedate = 2021-04-27 }}|In Burkina Faso, we did not have proper clinics for these procedures. We didn’t have doctors in white jackets and gloves. '''We didn’t even have anesthesia to numb the pain'''.}}{{Quote|<nowiki>Breakout Session 3: Female Genital Mutilation - The Facts (2017) - youtu.be/nuaZ_QIx-3U?t=31m44s</nowiki>
|Remember, '''there were no anesthetics''' because for we you have to walk the walk, you have to dance the dance. It's what makes you a woman. When you feel that pain it shows you that pain is all you know as a woman.}}
 




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