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Race and Tribe in Islam: Difference between revisions
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===In the hadith=== | ===In the hadith=== | ||
==== Racial equality ==== | |||
{{Quote|1=[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&ID=22393&idfrom=0&idto=0&flag=1&bk_no=6&ayano=0&surano=0&bookhad=0 Musnad Ahmad 22978]|2=Abu Nadrah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said in the final days of the pilgimrage: "O people, your Lord is one and your father Adam is one. '''There is no favor of an Arab over a foreigner, nor a foreigner over an Arab, and neither white skin over black skin, nor black skin over white skin, except by righteousness.''' Have I not delivered the message?"}} | |||
==== Racial specialization ==== | |||
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||6|46|3936}}|Narrated Abu Hurairah: | |||
that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: '''"Leadership is among the Quraish, and reasoning and judgment is among the Ansar, and the Adhan is among the Ethiopians, and the trust is among the Al-Azd." meaning Yemen.'''}} | |||
==Race in Islamic law== | ==Race in Islamic law== | ||
===Racial ''Kafa'ah'' ("equivalence") in marriage=== | ===Racial ''Kafa'ah'' ("equivalence") in marriage<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=E.J. Brill|volume=4 IRAN-KHA|editor1=E. van Donzel|editor2=B. Lewis|editor3=Ch. Pellat|editor4=C.E. Bosworth|edition=New Edition [2nd]|location=Leiden|chapter=Kafa'a|publication-date=1997|isbn=90 04 05745 5|page=404}}</ref>=== | ||
==== Modern fatwas ==== | |||
{{Quote|{{citation|author=Mohammed Tosir Miah|publisher=Darul Ifta Birmingham|url=https://islamqa.org/hanafi/daruliftaa-birmingham/19909|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222936/https://islamqa.org/hanafi/daruliftaa-birmingham/19909|chapter=Fatwah 19909 (Hanafi Fiqh): Kafaah in Marriage}}|The Jurists have stated that '''among Arabs, a non-Quraishi male is not a match (Kuf) for a Quraishi woman, nor can any person of non-Arab descent be a match for a woman of Arab descent'''. For example, '''the Sayyids, whether Siddique or Farooque, Uthmaani or Alawi, or belonging to some other branch can never be matched by any person not sharing their lineage''', no matter his profession and family status. The Sayyids are suitable matches for one another, since they share descent from the Quraishi tribe. Thus, marriages between themselves are correct and permitted without any condition as appearing in Durrul Mukhtar: | |||
“And Kafaah in lineage. Thus the Quraysh are suitable matches for one another as are the (other) Arabs suitable matches for one another.” | |||
The ruling relevant to non-Arabs is as follows: ‘'''An Ajmi (non-Arab) cannot be a match for a woman of Arab descent, no matter that he be an Aalim (religious scholar) or even a Sultan (ruling authority)'''‘. (Raddul Muhtar p.209 v.4)}}{{Quote|{{citation|author=Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam|location=Leicester|publisher=Darul Ifta|chapter=Fatwa 8559 (Hanafi Fiqh): Marriage Within One’s Caste|url=https://islamqa.org/hanafi/daruliftaa/8559| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111205740/https://islamqa.org/hanafi/daruliftaa/8559}}|It should be remarked here that '''all non-Arabs are considered a suitable match to each other (and for Arabs without a known and established lineage to one of the original Arab tribes, which is rare, as mentioned by Ibn Abidin) from a fiqhi ["jurisprudential" or "legal"] aspect'''. It could be so that a boy/girl from a different background altogether is a suitable match, rather than your cousin brother or sister. Students of sacred knowledge have a lot in common and it would be advisable to marry a fellow student from a different caste rather than your first cousin who doesn’t even have a clue what you are studying.}} | |||
===Racial misidentification=== | ===Racial misidentification=== | ||
== Race in Islamic doctrine == | ==== Imam Malik ==== | ||
==Race in Islamic doctrine== | |||
===Superiority (''fadl'') of the Arabs=== | |||
=== | ==== Modern fatwas ==== | ||
{{Quote|{{citation|editor=Muhammad Saalih al-Munajjid|chapter=Fatwa 182686: Is the Arab Muslim better than the non-Arab Muslim?|date=September 24th, 2017|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/182686/is-the-arab-muslim-better-than-the-non-arab-muslim|archiveurl=}}|In the answer to question no. 115934, we noted that '''Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaa‘ah are unanimously agreed that the Arabs are superior to others in terms of descent and lineage, and that regarding the Arabs as superior is in general terms''', and does not apply at the individual level. So a non-Arab who is pious and righteous is better than an Arab who falls short in his duties to Allah, may He be exalted.}} | |||
==In the Muslim world today== | ==In the Muslim world today== | ||