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Mawdu' (Fabricated) and Daif (Weak) Hadiths: Difference between revisions
Mawdu' (Fabricated) and Daif (Weak) Hadiths (view source)
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Mawdu' (Fabricated) and Da'if (Weak) Hadiths}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Mawdu' (Fabricated) and Da'if (Weak) Hadiths}} | ||
{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content= | {{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=4|Language=3|References=4}} | ||
'''Mawdu'''' (fabricated) hadiths are a specific variety of '''da'if''' (weak/unreliable) [[Hadith|hadiths]]. While a da'if hadith does not have to be mawdu' (as a hadith may be considered unreliable for reasons other than fabrication), a hadith that is identified as mawdu' (that is, as a fabrication), then it must consequently be da'if. The term da'if, like the term sahih, describes a final evaluative judgement about a narration rather than specifying the reasoning for the judgement. Also, because there are more ways for a hadith to be unreliable than reliable, there is greater diversity of reasons for which a hadith maybe da'if (by contrast, while there are different types of sahih hadith, the number of distinct types is much more limited). Among the different reasons for which a hadith can be da'if, being identified as an outright fabrication is perhaps the strongest form of weakness on the basis of which a hadith can be rejected (other forms of weakness include, for instance, a hadith being ''mursal'', which means that the companion narrating the hadith from Muhammad is missing in the chain of transmitters, although it can get a lot more complicated than this, particularly when multiple hadiths with the same/similar message are considered together). | '''Mawdu'''' (fabricated) hadiths are a specific variety of '''da'if''' (weak/unreliable) [[Hadith|hadiths]]. While a da'if hadith does not have to be mawdu' (as a hadith may be considered unreliable for reasons other than fabrication), a hadith that is identified as mawdu' (that is, as a fabrication), then it must consequently be da'if. The term da'if, like the term sahih, describes a final evaluative judgement about a narration rather than specifying the reasoning for the judgement. Also, because there are more ways for a hadith to be unreliable than reliable, there is greater diversity of reasons for which a hadith maybe da'if (by contrast, while there are different types of sahih hadith, the number of distinct types is much more limited). Among the different reasons for which a hadith can be da'if, being identified as an outright fabrication is perhaps the strongest form of weakness on the basis of which a hadith can be rejected (other forms of weakness include, for instance, a hadith being ''mursal'', which means that the companion narrating the hadith from Muhammad is missing in the chain of transmitters, although it can get a lot more complicated than this, particularly when multiple hadiths with the same/similar message are considered together). | ||
Whereas fabricated and weak hadiths in general play a limited role in the determination of [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic laws]] and beliefs<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503547442|title= May People Act According to a Weak Hadith?|publisher= Islam Online|author= Muzammil Siddiqi|series= Fatwa Bank|date= September 27, 2003|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061216005731%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DIslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaE%26cid%3D1119503547442&date=2014-03-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref> (with some important exceptions, particularly in Hanbali [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)|fiqh]]), they have very frequently been used in sermons and other forms of da'wah, or calling to Islam (whether for a Muslim or non-Muslim audience). Classical Muslim scholars often permitted the use of known weak and even fabricated hadiths in various forms of preaching on the consideration that such usage would strengthen people's faith while at the same time not impacting formal Islamic law or doctrine. Though such general permission did not go uncritiqued, it was very often the norm, especially when it involved popular preachers over whom the scholars did not have much control. This practice has largely persisted into modern times but has faced growing criticism. There are two reasons why this shift in thinking may be taking place. On the one hand, with modern communications technology, weak hadiths can spread rapidly, and scholars are wary of the consequences of this. On the other hand, preachers' audiences now have access to the internet which can be used to verify the authenticity of a hadith and, as a result, preachers are wary of quoting material that their audiences will sooner or later come to realize is unreliable (thus undermining their own credibility). | Whereas fabricated and weak hadiths in general play a limited role in the determination of [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic laws]] and beliefs<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503547442|title= May People Act According to a Weak Hadith?|publisher= Islam Online|author= Muzammil Siddiqi|series= Fatwa Bank|date= September 27, 2003|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061216005731%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DIslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaE%26cid%3D1119503547442&date=2014-03-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm|title= 52 Weak Ahadith|publisher= Islamic Research Foundation International|author=Ibrahim B. Syed |date= accessed November 20, 2011 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref> (with some important exceptions, particularly in Hanbali [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)|fiqh]]), they have very frequently been used in sermons and other forms of da'wah, or calling to Islam (whether for a Muslim or non-Muslim audience). Classical Muslim scholars often permitted the use of known weak and even fabricated hadiths in various forms of preaching on the consideration that such usage would strengthen people's faith while at the same time not impacting formal Islamic law or doctrine. Though such general permission did not go uncritiqued, it was very often the norm, especially when it involved popular preachers over whom the scholars did not have much control. This practice has largely persisted into modern times but has faced growing criticism. There are two reasons why this shift in thinking may be taking place. On the one hand, with modern communications technology, weak hadiths can spread rapidly, and scholars are wary of the consequences of this. On the other hand, preachers' audiences now have access to the internet which can be used to verify the authenticity of a hadith and, as a result, preachers are wary of quoting material that their audiences will sooner or later come to realize is unreliable (thus undermining their own credibility). | ||
While this transition is ongoing, recent generations of Muslims across the world, particularly in past decades, frequently encounter hadiths that are known to be both weak and fabricated in sermons. Indeed, even today, some of the most famous hadiths popularly known and referenced in the Muslim world are of weak or fabricated variety. | While this transition is ongoing, recent generations of Muslims across the world, particularly in past decades, frequently encounter hadiths that are known to be both weak and fabricated in sermons. Indeed, even today, some of the most famous hadiths popularly known and referenced in the Muslim world are of weak or fabricated variety. | ||
==On narrating weak and fabricated hadiths== | ==On narrating weak and fabricated hadiths== | ||
=== Sahih (authentic) hadith === | ===Sahih (authentic) hadith=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|106}}, See also: {{Bukhari|1|3|108}}, {{Bukhari|1|3|109}}, and {{Bukhari|1|3|110}}|Narrated 'Ali: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|3|106}}, See also: {{Bukhari|1|3|108}}, {{Bukhari|1|3|109}}, and {{Bukhari|1|3|110}}|Narrated 'Ali: | ||
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==Da`if (weak) hadiths== | ==Da`if (weak) hadiths== | ||
=== | ===Seeking knowledge is a duty upon every Muslim=== | ||
This hadith has been classed by many hadith scholars as da`if (weak). | This hadith has been classed by many hadith scholars as da`if (weak). | ||
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{{Quote|Kashf al-Khafa, no. 1665: Sahih al-Jami al-Saghir, no. 3913-4|This hadith has many chains of narrations of the authority of more than a dozen Companions, including twenty Successors apparently reporting from Ans alone. They are collected by Ibn Majah, al-Bahihaqi, al-Tabarani and others, but all of them are da'if, according to Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaq bin Rahuwaih, Ibn Abd al-Barr and others, although some scholars authenticated a few of the chains. Al-Baihaqi said that its text is mashhur while its isnad is da'if, while al-Hakim and Ibn al-Salah regarded it as a prime example of a mashhur hadith which is not sahih. However, it is regarded by later sholars of Hadith as having enough chains of narration to be strengthened to the level of hasan or sahih, a view which is stated by al-Mizzi, al-Iraqi, Ibn Hajr, al-Suyuti and al-Albani.<ref name="Suhaib Hassan"></ref>}} | {{Quote|Kashf al-Khafa, no. 1665: Sahih al-Jami al-Saghir, no. 3913-4|This hadith has many chains of narrations of the authority of more than a dozen Companions, including twenty Successors apparently reporting from Ans alone. They are collected by Ibn Majah, al-Bahihaqi, al-Tabarani and others, but all of them are da'if, according to Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaq bin Rahuwaih, Ibn Abd al-Barr and others, although some scholars authenticated a few of the chains. Al-Baihaqi said that its text is mashhur while its isnad is da'if, while al-Hakim and Ibn al-Salah regarded it as a prime example of a mashhur hadith which is not sahih. However, it is regarded by later sholars of Hadith as having enough chains of narration to be strengthened to the level of hasan or sahih, a view which is stated by al-Mizzi, al-Iraqi, Ibn Hajr, al-Suyuti and al-Albani.<ref name="Suhaib Hassan"></ref>}} | ||
Importantly, the knowledge to which this narration is referring to is held to be knowledge of the Islamic Shari’ah and not knowledge in general. | |||
{{Quote||What is meant by knowledge here is knowledge of sharee’ah (Islamic knowledge). Al-Thawri said: “It is the knowledge for which no person has any excuse for not knowing.” And Allaah knows best.<ref name="Islam QA 13637"></ref>}} | {{Quote||What is meant by knowledge here is knowledge of sharee’ah (Islamic knowledge). Al-Thawri said: “It is the knowledge for which no person has any excuse for not knowing.” And Allaah knows best.<ref name="Islam QA 13637"></ref>}} | ||
===Umar corrected by a woman=== | ===Umar was corrected by a woman=== | ||
The following hadith, where Umar attempts to limit the [[Mahr]], is | The following hadith, where Umar attempts to limit the [[Mahr]], is often presented as evidence that women were politically and socially active in early Islamic societies. | ||
{{Quote||'Umar ibn al-Khattab...stated that if anyone pays more as dower than what the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to pay, he would put that excess amount in the Public Treasury. A woman from the Quraish came to him and said, "O commander of the Faithful, does the Book of Allah have more right to be followed or your statement? He said, "The Book of Allah." So she then told him, "You have just prohibited the people from giving an excessive amount for dower but Allah has stated in His Book,"And if you have given them a great amount of gold as dower, take not the least bit of it back.'" [4:20] And then 'Umar said two or three times, "Everybody has a better understanding than 'Umar." [Other narrations state, "The Woman is correct and 'Umar is mistaken." - Footnote] Then he got back on the minbar and said, "O people, I used to forbid you from being excessive with respect to the dower of women. Verily a man may do whatever he sees fit with his wealth."<ref name="Umar2">{{cite web|url= http://www.allaahuakbar.net/ahaadeeth/32.htm|title= Da'eef (Weak) No:32 The Story of 'Umar Being Corrected by a Woman|publisher= Allaahuakbar.net|author= |date= accessed August 23, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110823032951%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaahuakbar.net%2Fahaadeeth%2F32.htm&date=2014-03-16|deadurl=yes}}</ref>}} | {{Quote||'Umar ibn al-Khattab...stated that if anyone pays more as dower than what the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to pay, he would put that excess amount in the Public Treasury. A woman from the Quraish came to him and said, "O commander of the Faithful, does the Book of Allah have more right to be followed or your statement? He said, "The Book of Allah." So she then told him, "You have just prohibited the people from giving an excessive amount for dower but Allah has stated in His Book,"And if you have given them a great amount of gold as dower, take not the least bit of it back.'" [4:20] And then 'Umar said two or three times, "Everybody has a better understanding than 'Umar." [Other narrations state, "The Woman is correct and 'Umar is mistaken." - Footnote] Then he got back on the minbar and said, "O people, I used to forbid you from being excessive with respect to the dower of women. Verily a man may do whatever he sees fit with his wealth."<ref name="Umar2">{{cite web|url= http://www.allaahuakbar.net/ahaadeeth/32.htm|title= Da'eef (Weak) No:32 The Story of 'Umar Being Corrected by a Woman|publisher= Allaahuakbar.net|author= |date= accessed August 23, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110823032951%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaahuakbar.net%2Fahaadeeth%2F32.htm&date=2014-03-16|deadurl=yes}}</ref>}} | ||
However, this hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). Equally importantly, the hadith also contradicts authentic hadith which state Umar did in fact limit excessive payments of Mahr. A weak hadith that contradicts a stronger hadith is known to be ''shadh'' (anomalous) and is not accepted by Islamic scholars as a result. | |||
{{Quote||This story was narrated by both al-Baihaqi in Sunan al-Kubra and Abdul Razzaq in al-Mussanaf. The chains of both al-Baihaqi and of Abdul Razzaq are weak. Al-Baihaqi, in fact, points out that the chain he records is broken. [Abu Bakr al-Baihaqi, Sunan al Kubra, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, nd., vol 7, p 233] Indeed, al-Baihaqi seems to prefer another narration from Umar that he recorded just prior to the above narration. In that narration, it states that Umar said that he had intended to put a limit on women's dowers until he read the verse, "A great amount of gold as dower." Commenting on this narration, al-Baihaqi said, "It is a good mursal chain." [Footnote: Mursal means the link between Umar and the one who narrated from him is broken.] | {{Quote||This story was narrated by both al-Baihaqi in Sunan al-Kubra and Abdul Razzaq in al-Mussanaf. The chains of both al-Baihaqi and of Abdul Razzaq are weak. Al-Baihaqi, in fact, points out that the chain he records is broken. [Abu Bakr al-Baihaqi, Sunan al Kubra, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, nd., vol 7, p 233] Indeed, al-Baihaqi seems to prefer another narration from Umar that he recorded just prior to the above narration. In that narration, it states that Umar said that he had intended to put a limit on women's dowers until he read the verse, "A great amount of gold as dower." Commenting on this narration, al-Baihaqi said, "It is a good mursal chain." [Footnote: Mursal means the link between Umar and the one who narrated from him is broken.] | ||
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Actually, the above incident from the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab is quoted by many people nowadays to demonstrate that women used to take part in the political and other activities during the time of the Companions. They had an active role in society and, as one speaker today called it, took part in the "congressional meetings" (!) held in the mosque during those times. They go from that to exhorting women to take much more attractive roles in society and not be content with being at home, being good wives and mothers. They say that this was not the practice during the time of the Companions as this incident from the time of' Umar ibn al-Khattab clearly demonstrates. Obviously, in order to use such an incident as proof, one must first prove the authenticity of the narration. This is not possible in this case and, therefore, this incident cannot be used as a proof.<ref name="Umar2"></ref>}} | Actually, the above incident from the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab is quoted by many people nowadays to demonstrate that women used to take part in the political and other activities during the time of the Companions. They had an active role in society and, as one speaker today called it, took part in the "congressional meetings" (!) held in the mosque during those times. They go from that to exhorting women to take much more attractive roles in society and not be content with being at home, being good wives and mothers. They say that this was not the practice during the time of the Companions as this incident from the time of' Umar ibn al-Khattab clearly demonstrates. Obviously, in order to use such an incident as proof, one must first prove the authenticity of the narration. This is not possible in this case and, therefore, this incident cannot be used as a proof.<ref name="Umar2"></ref>}} | ||
===Whoever mistreats a dhimmi will be Allah's opponent=== | ===Whoever mistreats a ''dhimmi'' will be Allah's opponent=== | ||
This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). | This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). | ||
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{{Quote||Abu Bakr as-Siddiq narrated that the messenger of Allah said "A crafty person, a miser, and one who badly treats those under his authority will not enter Paradise."}} | {{Quote||Abu Bakr as-Siddiq narrated that the messenger of Allah said "A crafty person, a miser, and one who badly treats those under his authority will not enter Paradise."}} | ||
This quote is included in the hadith collection ''Bulugh al-Maram'', which attributes it to Tirmidhi and | This quote is included in the hadith collection ''Bulugh al-Maram'', which attributes it to Tirmidhi and which describes the chain of narrators as weak.<ref>al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajr. ''Bulugh al-Maram''. '''IV'''. Hadith 1551. IslamKotob, Dar al-Manarah (El-Mansoura, Egypt). Published in 2003. p. 557.</ref> | ||
===Aisha never saw the private parts of Muhammad=== | ===Aisha never saw the private parts of Muhammad=== | ||
This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also contradicts narrations that have been passed down through multiple isnads and are both [[Qur%27an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|sahih and mutawatir]], the highest authenticity regarding the classification of ahadith. | This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also contradicts narrations that have been passed down through multiple isnads and are both [[Qur%27an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|sahih and mutawatir]], the highest authenticity regarding the classification of ahadith and is thus considered doubly unacceptable. | ||
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Book 1, Hadith 707|It was narrated from a freed slave of 'Aishah that: 'Aishah said: "I never looked at (or I never saw) the private part of the Messenger of Allah." (Da'if)(One of the narrators) Abu Bakr (Ibn Abu Shaibah) said: "Abu Nu'aim would say: '(From) a freed female slave of 'Aishah.'"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sunnah.com/urn/1256610|title= The Book of Purification and its Sunnah - كتاب الطهارة وسننها|publisher= Sunnah.com|author= Sunan Ibn Majah|series= English ref: Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 662, Arabic ref: Book 1, Hadith 707|date= accessed June 30, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F1256610&date=2013-06-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>}} | {{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Book 1, Hadith 707|It was narrated from a freed slave of 'Aishah that: 'Aishah said: "I never looked at (or I never saw) the private part of the Messenger of Allah." (Da'if)(One of the narrators) Abu Bakr (Ibn Abu Shaibah) said: "Abu Nu'aim would say: '(From) a freed female slave of 'Aishah.'"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sunnah.com/urn/1256610|title= The Book of Purification and its Sunnah - كتاب الطهارة وسننها|publisher= Sunnah.com|author= Sunan Ibn Majah|series= English ref: Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 662, Arabic ref: Book 1, Hadith 707|date= accessed June 30, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F1256610&date=2013-06-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>}} | ||
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===Ward off the legal punishments as much as you can=== | ===Ward off the legal punishments as much as you can=== | ||
This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also | This hadith has been classed as da`if (weak). It also seems to contradict authentic hadiths where Muhammad states, even if his own daughter were to steal, he would "cut off her hand"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sunnah.com/urn/1268640|title= The Chapters on Legal Punishments - كتاب الحدود |publisher= Sunnah.com|author= Sunan Ibn Majah|series= English ref: Vol. 3, Book 20, Hadith 2547, Arabic ref: Book 20, Hadith 2644|date= accessed March 28, 2014|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Furn%2F1268640&date=2014-03-28|deadurl=no}}</ref> as well as {{Quran|4|135}} which instructs that Islamic law (including punishments mentioned in the Quran such as amputation) should be upheld "even if (it is) against yourselves or the parents and the relatives." | ||
{{Quote|| | {{Quote|| | ||
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==Maudu (Fabricated) Hadith== | ==Maudu (Fabricated) Hadith== | ||
===Jihad=== | ===Jihad=== | ||
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{{Main|Lesser vs Greater Jihad}} | {{Main|Lesser vs Greater Jihad}} | ||
The following story originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century and does not appear in any of the famous hadith collections (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Dawud, al-Sughra, Tirmidhi | The following story originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century and does not appear in any of the six most famous hadith collections (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Dawud, al-Sughra, Tirmidhi or Ibn Majah): | ||
{{Quote||We were told by Layth, on the authority of 'Ata', on the authority of Abu Rabah, on the authority of Jabir, who said, 'The Prophet (salallaahu 'alayhee wa sallam) returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad - the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires.'<ref>Fayd al-Qadir vol.4 pg. 511</ref>}} | {{Quote||We were told by Layth, on the authority of 'Ata', on the authority of Abu Rabah, on the authority of Jabir, who said, 'The Prophet (salallaahu 'alayhee wa sallam) returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad - the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires.'<ref>Fayd al-Qadir vol.4 pg. 511</ref>}} | ||
This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated) and also | This hadith has been classed as maudu' (fabricated) and is also said to go against the Qur'an and sahih hadith. | ||
Dr. Abdullah Azzam: | Dr. Abdullah Azzam: | ||
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====The ink of the scholar is more holy than the blood of the Martyr==== | ====The ink of the scholar is more holy than the blood of the Martyr==== | ||
This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated). | This hadith has been classed as maudu' (fabricated). | ||
{{Quote|Kashf al-Khafa, no. 2276|Mentioned by al-Manjaniqi is his collection of ahadith of older narrators reporting from younger ones, on the authority of al-Hasan al-Basri. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi said that it is maudu as a narration from the Prophet (s.a.w), but that is a statement of al-Hasan al-Basri.<ref name="Suhaib Hassan">{{cite web|url= http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm|title= The Science of Hadith|publisher= TheReligionIslam|author= Dr. Suhaib Hassan|date= accessed November 20, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}} | {{Quote|Kashf al-Khafa, no. 2276|Mentioned by al-Manjaniqi is his collection of ahadith of older narrators reporting from younger ones, on the authority of al-Hasan al-Basri. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi said that it is maudu as a narration from the Prophet (s.a.w), but that is a statement of al-Hasan al-Basri.<ref name="Suhaib Hassan">{{cite web|url= http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm|title= The Science of Hadith|publisher= TheReligionIslam|author= Dr. Suhaib Hassan|date= accessed November 20, 2011|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}} | ||
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====Seek knowledge, even if you have to go to China==== | ====Seek knowledge, even if you have to go to China==== | ||
This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated).<ref name="MuftiSays">{{cite web|url= http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1196/maudu-hadith.html|title= Maudu Hadith|publisher= MuftiSays|author= Moulana Qamruz Zaman|series=Question ID: 1196|date= December 6, 2005|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1196/maudu-hadith.html&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref> | This hadith has been classed as maudu' (fabricated).<ref name="MuftiSays">{{cite web|url= http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1196/maudu-hadith.html|title= Maudu Hadith|publisher= MuftiSays|author= Moulana Qamruz Zaman|series=Question ID: 1196|date= December 6, 2005|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.muftisays.com/qa/question/1196/maudu-hadith.html&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref> | ||
Al-Bayhaqi: | Al-Bayhaqi: | ||
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====Thinking for an hour is better than worshiping for sixty years==== | ====Thinking for an hour is better than worshiping for sixty years==== | ||
This hadith has been classed as maudu (fabricated). | This hadith has been classed as maudu' (fabricated). | ||
{{Quote||Hadith 20 | {{Quote||Hadith 20 | ||
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Classified fabricated by Ibn Jawzee.<ref name="100Fabr">{{cite web|url= http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf|title= 100 Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= Darul Islam Publishers|author= Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|date= 2000|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}} | Classified fabricated by Ibn Jawzee.<ref name="100Fabr">{{cite web|url= http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf|title= 100 Fabricated Hadiths|publisher= Darul Islam Publishers|author= Shaikh Abdullah Faisal|date= 2000|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/books/100FabricatedHadith.pdf&date=2011-11-20|deadurl=no}}</ref>}} | ||
However, there are sahih hadith that state: | However, there are sahih hadith that state the exact opposite: | ||
{{Quote|Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305|Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years.}} | {{Quote|Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305|Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years.}} | ||
{{Quote| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|50}}|The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "A single endeavor (of fighting) in Allah's Cause ["''fi sabil Allah''" is commonly used in Islamic scriptures to refer to Jihad] in the forenoon or in the afternoon is better than the world and whatever is in it."}} | ||
====The one who knows himself, knows his Lord==== | ====The one who knows himself, knows his Lord==== | ||
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====Allah has not made anything more precious than human intellect==== | ====Allah has not made anything more precious than human intellect==== | ||
This hadith has been classified as fabricated by | This hadith has been classified as fabricated by al-Dhahabi.<ref name="100Fab">{{cite web|url=https://standup4islam.wordpress.com/2013/10/20/100-fabricated-hadiths/ |title=00 Fabricated Hadiths |publisher= |author= |date=2013 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstandup4islam.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F10%2F20%2F100-fabricated-hadiths%2F&date=2016-10-31 |deadurl=no}}</ref> | ||
{{Quote||When Allah Created the Aql (human intellect) He Commanded it by saying “Come” and it went to Allah. He then said to it “Retreat” and it retreated. So He Said, “By My Glory and Majesty, I have not Created anything more precious than thee.” }} | {{Quote||When Allah Created the Aql (human intellect) He Commanded it by saying “Come” and it went to Allah. He then said to it “Retreat” and it retreated. So He Said, “By My Glory and Majesty, I have not Created anything more precious than thee.” }} | ||
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S.F.H. Faizi, an Indian, later Pakistani, Islamist is the author of "Sermons of the Prophet", the 1987 book<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sermons_of_the_prophet.html?id=zvCLHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title= Sermons of the prophet|publisher= Islamic Book Foundation|author= S. F. H. Faizi, Muḥammad (Prophet)|date= 1987|isbn=9789694241180|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> which first rendered this version of the sermon (in the 1991 edition, it can be found on p. 145).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nLplPQAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions|title= Sermons of the prophet|publisher= Kitab Bhavan|author= S. F. H. Faizi, Muhammad (Prophet)|date= 1991|isbn=9788171511389|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> | S.F.H. Faizi, an Indian, later Pakistani, Islamist is the author of "Sermons of the Prophet", the 1987 book<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sermons_of_the_prophet.html?id=zvCLHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title= Sermons of the prophet|publisher= Islamic Book Foundation|author= S. F. H. Faizi, Muḥammad (Prophet)|date= 1987|isbn=9789694241180|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> which first rendered this version of the sermon (in the 1991 edition, it can be found on p. 145).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nLplPQAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions|title= Sermons of the prophet|publisher= Kitab Bhavan|author= S. F. H. Faizi, Muhammad (Prophet)|date= 1991|isbn=9788171511389|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> | ||
He gets | He gets as close to a source as he could when he describes in the introduction how he translated and published a collection of obscure writings into English: | ||
{{Quote||This book is a collection of some of the selected sermons of the Holy Prophet which include long as well short ones as the situation demanded. They were not available in the form of Khutbas but have been derived from various books of Ahadith and history. It is only recently that some of these have appeared in book-forms along with original texts and translation in Urdu; '''but the authenticity of the texts thereof is still doubted by ulema'''. On English language, they are hardly available. So an attempt has been made not only to have them translated in English but also to find out circumstances under which they were delivered so that their delivery date could be ascertained and an elucidation made thereof. How far I have succeeded in my undertaking rests to be adjudged by the readers. Any suggestion or comment shall, '''however be welcomed to improve upon it'''.}} | {{Quote||This book is a collection of some of the selected sermons of the Holy Prophet which include long as well short ones as the situation demanded. They were not available in the form of Khutbas but have been derived from various books of Ahadith and history. It is only recently that some of these have appeared in book-forms along with original texts and translation in Urdu; '''but the authenticity of the texts thereof is still doubted by ulema'''. On English language, they are hardly available. So an attempt has been made not only to have them translated in English but also to find out circumstances under which they were delivered so that their delivery date could be ascertained and an elucidation made thereof. How far I have succeeded in my undertaking rests to be adjudged by the readers. Any suggestion or comment shall, '''however be welcomed to improve upon it'''.}} | ||
Faizi 'derived' this version of the sermon from various unnamed books not accepted by the ulama (Islamic clerics). He does not know the original sources, but welcomes readers to help in his search. | |||
Hadith references which are often cited as sources for this | Hadith references which are often cited as sources for this version of the sermon are either misrepresented (i.e. they have nothing to say on the sermon)<ref>See [{{Reference archive|1=http://bjhollingum.blogspot.com/2010/05/farewell-sermon.html|2=2011-03-01}} this] blog post titled, "The Farewell Sermon", for more details.</ref> or refer to the sermon that most fits al-Tabari's rendition with regard to beating women and such topics.<ref>For example; [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.quranandscience.com/jewels-from-prophet/240-the-last-sermon-khutbah-of-prophet-muhammad-farewell-sermon.html|2=2011-06-11}} this site] lists al-Tirmidhi as one of the sources. However in Tirmidhi we find the farewell command to beat women, and that they are "like prisoners" in the hands of men. The same is found in the farewell sermon in {{Abudawud||1900|hasan}}). It seems that Farzi has deliberately ommitted these words in the corresponding section of his version of the sermon. For further details, see: [[The Farewell Sermon#Related Text|The Farewell Sermon/ Related Text]]</ref> | ||
The following [[The Farewell Sermon|authentic version]] is taken from ''al-Tabari, Vol IX'', and it's important to note that it is in perfect agreement with the Qur'anic order of wife-beating in {{Quran|4|34}}. Attempts to add this authentic version next to the other two at Wikipedia | The following [[The Farewell Sermon|authentic version]] is taken from ''al-Tabari, Vol IX'', and it's important to note that it is in perfect agreement with the Qur'anic order of wife-beating in {{Quran|4|34}}. By contrast, al-Tabari's writing is an early source relied upon by historians and Islamic clerics alike. Attempts to add this authentic version next to the other two at Wikipedia were met with resistance.<ref>After an April 2011 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Khutbatul_Wada%27&oldid=427586954 Wikipedia discussion] concerning the lack of primary sources for the fraudulent sermons, they were finally removed from the site. But, as is often the case with Islam-related articles, the unreferenced material is constantly reinserted by Muslim editors.</ref> | ||
{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|pp. 112-113}}|O people, listen to my words. I do not know whether I shall ever meet you again in this place after this year. O people, your blood and your property are sacrosanct until you meet your Lord, just as this day and this month of yours are sacred. Surely you will meet your Lord and He will question you about your deeds. I have [already] made this known. Let he who has a pledge return it to the one who entrusted him with it; all usury is abolished, but your capital belongs to you. Wrong not and you shall not be wronged. Allah has decreed that there will be no usury, and the usury of Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib is abolished, all of it. All blood shed in the pre-Islamic days is to be left unavenged. The first such claim I revoke is that of Ibn Rabiah b. al-Harith b. Abd al-Muttalib, who was nursed among the Banu Layth and was slain by the Banu Hudhayl. His is the first blood shed in the pre-Islamic days with which I shall set an example. O people, indeed Satan despairs of ever being worshipped in this land of yours. He will be pleased, however, if he is obeyed in a thing other than that, in matters you minimize. So beware of him in your religion, O people, intercalculating a month is an increase in unbelief whereby the unbelievers go astray; one year they make it profane, and hallow it another [in order] to agree with the number that Allah has hallowed, and so profane what Allah has hallowed, and hallow what Allah has made profane. Time has completed its cycle [and is] as it was on the day that Allah created the heavens and the earth. The number of the months with Allah is twelve; [they were] in the Book of Allah on the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred, the three consecutive [months] and the Rajab [which is the month of] Mudar, which is between Jumada and Sha’ban. <BR><BR>Now then, O people, you have a right over your wives and they have a right over you. You have [the right] that they should not cause anyone of whom you dislike to tread on your beds; and that they should not commit any open indecency. '''If they do, then Allah permits you to shut them in separate rooms and to beat them''', but not severely. If they abstain from [evil], they have the right to their food and clothing in accordance with the custom. Treat women well, '''for they are [like] domestic animals with you and do not possess anything for themselves.''' You have taken them only as a trust from Allah, and you have made the enjoyment of their persons lawful by the word of Allah, so understand and listen to my words, O people. I have conveyed the Message, and have left you with something which, if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray; that is, the Book of Allah and the sunnah of his Prophet. Listen to my words, O people, for I have conveyed the Message and understand [it]. Know for certain that every Muslim is a brother of another Muslim, and that all Muslims are brethren. It is not lawful for a person [to take] from his brother except that which he has given him willingly, so do not wrong yourselves. O Allah, have I not conveyed the message?}} | {{Quote|{{Tabari|9|pp. 112-113}}|O people, listen to my words. I do not know whether I shall ever meet you again in this place after this year. O people, your blood and your property are sacrosanct until you meet your Lord, just as this day and this month of yours are sacred. Surely you will meet your Lord and He will question you about your deeds. I have [already] made this known. Let he who has a pledge return it to the one who entrusted him with it; all usury is abolished, but your capital belongs to you. Wrong not and you shall not be wronged. Allah has decreed that there will be no usury, and the usury of Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib is abolished, all of it. All blood shed in the pre-Islamic days is to be left unavenged. The first such claim I revoke is that of Ibn Rabiah b. al-Harith b. Abd al-Muttalib, who was nursed among the Banu Layth and was slain by the Banu Hudhayl. His is the first blood shed in the pre-Islamic days with which I shall set an example. O people, indeed Satan despairs of ever being worshipped in this land of yours. He will be pleased, however, if he is obeyed in a thing other than that, in matters you minimize. So beware of him in your religion, O people, intercalculating a month is an increase in unbelief whereby the unbelievers go astray; one year they make it profane, and hallow it another [in order] to agree with the number that Allah has hallowed, and so profane what Allah has hallowed, and hallow what Allah has made profane. Time has completed its cycle [and is] as it was on the day that Allah created the heavens and the earth. The number of the months with Allah is twelve; [they were] in the Book of Allah on the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred, the three consecutive [months] and the Rajab [which is the month of] Mudar, which is between Jumada and Sha’ban. <BR><BR>Now then, O people, you have a right over your wives and they have a right over you. You have [the right] that they should not cause anyone of whom you dislike to tread on your beds; and that they should not commit any open indecency. '''If they do, then Allah permits you to shut them in separate rooms and to beat them''', but not severely. If they abstain from [evil], they have the right to their food and clothing in accordance with the custom. Treat women well, '''for they are [like] domestic animals with you and do not possess anything for themselves.''' You have taken them only as a trust from Allah, and you have made the enjoyment of their persons lawful by the word of Allah, so understand and listen to my words, O people. I have conveyed the Message, and have left you with something which, if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray; that is, the Book of Allah and the sunnah of his Prophet. Listen to my words, O people, for I have conveyed the Message and understand [it]. Know for certain that every Muslim is a brother of another Muslim, and that all Muslims are brethren. It is not lawful for a person [to take] from his brother except that which he has given him willingly, so do not wrong yourselves. O Allah, have I not conveyed the message?}} | ||
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====Kindness is a mark of faith==== | ====Kindness is a mark of faith==== | ||
{{Quote|"Muslim"|Kindness is a mark of faith, and whoever is not kind has no faith.}} | {{Quote|"Muslim"|Kindness is a mark of faith, and whoever is not kind has no faith.}} | ||
The above hadith is frequently cited as being sourced from Sahih Muslim, but it is not located in that collection.<ref>https://muslimvillage.com/2012/03/03/20138/words-of-wisdom-of-prophet-muhammad-pbuh/</ref> Indeed, the purported hadith does not exist.<ref>https://sunnah.com/search/?q=kindness+is+a+mark+of+faith</ref> | |||
====Treatment of women==== | ====Treatment of women==== | ||
{{Quote||The Prophet said: 'None but a noble man treats women in an honorable manner, and none but an ignoble treats women disgracefully.' (Sunan At-Tirmidhi)}} | {{Quote||The Prophet said: 'None but a noble man treats women in an honorable manner, and none but an ignoble treats women disgracefully.' (Sunan At-Tirmidhi)}} | ||
The | The book of Tirmidhi does not contain the above hadith, despite frequently being sourced as such. The hadith itself has also been judged as being fabricated.<ref>http://hadithcheck.blogspot.in/2011/12/fabricated-none-but-noble-man-treats.html</ref> | ||
====The most excellent actions==== | ====The most excellent actions==== | ||
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{{Quote||“What actions are most excellent? To gladden the heart of human beings, to feed the hungry, to help the afflicted, to lighten the sorrow of the sorrowful, and to remove the sufferings of the injured.” (Bukhari) }} | {{Quote||“What actions are most excellent? To gladden the heart of human beings, to feed the hungry, to help the afflicted, to lighten the sorrow of the sorrowful, and to remove the sufferings of the injured.” (Bukhari) }} | ||
The above hadith is often cited. Most famously perhaps it was mentioned by Lindsay Lohan, a celebrity who displayed interest in Islam.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BQJ7wepBh1E/ |title=Lindsay Lohan: “What actions are most excellent?" |publisher=Instagram |author= |date= |archiveurl=https://archive.org/details/LindsayLohanGoneMad |deadurl=no}}</ref> The hadith is not located in Bukhari, despite being cited as such, and does not appear in any relied upon hadith collection. | |||
===Wealth and Love=== | ===Wealth and Love=== | ||