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Iltifat: Difference between revisions
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Iltifat (التفات, ''iltifaat''), also known as grammatical shift or grammatical errors, refers to cases where the Quranic text makes strange grammatical shift in point of view or addressee for no apparent reason. | Iltifat (التفات, ''iltifaat''), also known as grammatical shift or grammatical errors, refers to cases where the Quranic text makes strange grammatical shift in point of view or addressee for no apparent reason. | ||
The Islamic interpretation is that the so called "iltifat" is intentional and that it makes the Quran better. Critics, however, suggest that iltifat is the result and evidence of an | The Islamic interpretation is that the so called "iltifat" is intentional and that it makes the Quran better. Critics, however, suggest that iltifat is the result and evidence of an imprecisely produced or preserved Qur'an. | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
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So it begins by "I am the messenger" (1st person) but ends up referring to himself in the 3rd person ("his messenger the unlettered prophet who believes in allah.."). | So it begins by "I am the messenger" (1st person) but ends up referring to himself in the 3rd person ("his messenger the unlettered prophet who believes in allah.."). | ||
As we've seen, translators "solved" (interpreted) it by adding quotation marks. "He gives life and causes death" is the speech of Muhammad (which god commanded him to say) and "So believe in Allah and His Messenger" is the speech of. | As we've seen, translators "solved" (interpreted) it by adding quotation marks. "He gives life and causes death" is the speech of Muhammad (which god commanded him to say) and "So believe in Allah and His Messenger" is made out to be the speech of Allah. They're both mentioned in the 3rd person, so who's speaking here? Also there's no reason to break the two parts, it would make sense to say it together: "He gives life and causes death, so believe in Allah and His messenger". | ||
====Change from 3rd person to 1st person==== | ====Change from 3rd person to 1st person==== | ||
This example is clear. "We" refers to Allah in 1st person, although Allah was in 3rd person in the beginning: | This example is clear. "We" refers to Allah in 1st person, although Allah was in 3rd person in the beginning: | ||
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76:22 [And it will be said], "Indeed, this is for '''you''' a reward, and your effort has been appreciated." | 76:22 [And it will be said], "Indeed, this is for '''you''' a reward, and your effort has been appreciated." | ||
}} | }} | ||
Without the translation | Without the interpolation introduced in the translation, it reads "and they will be adorned.. indeed this is for you a reward". | ||
====Change from 2nd person to 1st person==== | ====Change from 2nd person to 1st person==== | ||
This example is debatable. "The Lord" is in the 3rd person the whole time. The difference is only in the possessive pronouns: | This example is debatable. "The Lord" is in the 3rd person the whole time. The difference is only in the possessive pronouns: | ||
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"remove you" was dual <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(20:117:9)</ref>, but "you would suffer" was singular <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(20:117:12)</ref>. | "remove you" was dual <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(20:117:9)</ref>, but "you would suffer" was singular <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(20:117:12)</ref>. | ||
This also seems to suggest, strangely, that if Adam and Eve were removed from paradise, then only Adam would suffer. | |||
====Change from dual to plural==== | ====Change from dual to plural==== | ||
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It starts in the dual, "settle" is dual. Then "make your houses" is plural. And "give good tidings" is singular. | It starts in the dual, "settle" is dual. Then "make your houses" is plural. And "give good tidings" is singular. | ||
The change to plural could be interpreted that it's a command for the two and their people, but still it's little strange. Since it begins with "We inspired to Moses and his brother", god doesn't talk to their people, so we would expect that the commands would be for them two. | The change to plural could be interpreted that it's a command for the two and their people, but still it's a little strange. Since it begins with "We inspired to Moses and his brother", god doesn't talk to their people, so we would expect that the commands would be for them two. | ||
====Change from plural to singular==== | ====Change from plural to singular==== | ||