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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating: Difference between revisions
Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating (view source)
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Lightyears (talk | contribs) (Useful for people to know that sunnah.com have replaced Dar-us-Salam's grading with al-Albani's for the version of this hadith in Sunan Ibn Majah) |
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{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | ||
The [[Qur'an]] in verse 4:34 clearly lays down the steps to be taken by a husband dealing with a wife from whom he fears nushūz, a word commonly interpreted to mean disobedience, rebelliousness or disloyalty though the meaning is unclear (see {{Quran|4|128}}, which gives instructions to women who fear nushūzan from their husbands): first he is to admonish her verbally, then he is refuse to sleep with her, and finally if she continues in her rebellion he is to beat her. This three-part plan forms the core of Islamic norms of authority in the marriage. In hadiths, the prophet Muhammad reiterated this instruction at his farewell sermon (with the caveat that the beating is without severity), is recorded variously as forbidding, limiting and condoning such actions. Some of his prominent companions are also recorded as slapping or beating wives or female slaves and instructing others to do so. As a core principle of Islamic law, the condoning of wife-beating lives on today in the [[fatwa|fataawa]] of modern Islamic scholars, and [[Islamic Law]] does not recognize the beating of wives by their husbands as a crime unless | The [[Qur'an]] in verse 4:34 clearly lays down the steps to be taken by a husband dealing with a wife from whom he fears nushūz, a word commonly interpreted to mean disobedience, rebelliousness or disloyalty though the meaning is unclear (see {{Quran|4|128}}, which gives instructions to women who fear nushūzan from their husbands): first he is to admonish her verbally, then he is refuse to sleep with her, and finally if she continues in her rebellion he is to beat her. This three-part plan forms the core of Islamic norms of authority in the marriage. In hadiths, the prophet Muhammad reiterated this instruction at his farewell sermon (with the caveat that the beating is without severity), is recorded variously as forbidding, limiting and condoning such actions. Some of his prominent companions are also recorded as slapping or beating wives or female slaves and instructing others to do so. As a core principle of Islamic law, the condoning of wife-beating lives on today in the [[fatwa|fataawa]] of modern Islamic scholars, and [[Islamic Law]] does not recognize the beating of wives by their husbands as a crime unless bodily injury results to the wife. Reformists and modernists dispute the meaning of certain words or highlight a hadith stating that Muhammad himself never struck a woman and narrations claiming that the instruction in his farewell sermon referred to tapping wives with a siwak (toothbrush stick). | ||
{{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}} | {{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}} | ||
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'''Shakir:''' Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and '''(as to) those on whose part you ''fear'' desertion''', admonish them, and leave them alone in the sleeping-places and '''beat them'''; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great.}} | '''Shakir:''' Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and '''(as to) those on whose part you ''fear'' desertion''', admonish them, and leave them alone in the sleeping-places and '''beat them'''; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great.}} | ||
===Prophet Ayyub (Job) was | ===Prophet Ayyub (Job) was told to beat his wife with grass to fulfil his oath=== | ||
{{Quran|38|44}} states that the prophet Job (''Ayyub'') was commanded by Allah to beat his wife using a bundle of grass, twigs, or rushes (''dighthan''<ref>dad-ghayn-tha [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume5/00000078.pdf Lane's Lexicon] Book I page 1793</ref>). | {{Quran|38|44}} states that the prophet Job (''Ayyub'') was commanded by Allah to beat his wife using a bundle of grass, twigs, or rushes (''dighthan''<ref>dad-ghayn-tha [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume5/00000078.pdf Lane's Lexicon] Book I page 1793</ref>). According to tradition, this was because he had made an oath to beat her before realising his anger was unjustified. | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|38|44}}|[We said], "And take in your hand a bunch [of grass] '''and strike with it''' and do not break your oath." Indeed, We found him patient, an excellent servant. Indeed, he was one repeatedly turning back [to Allah].}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|38|44}}|[We said], "And take in your hand a bunch [of grass] '''and strike with it''' and do not break your oath." Indeed, We found him patient, an excellent servant. Indeed, he was one repeatedly turning back [to Allah].}} | ||
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====Muhammad struck his child-bride on the chest which caused her pain==== | ====Muhammad struck his child-bride on the chest which caused her pain==== | ||
See [[Wife Beating in Islamic Law]] | See [[Wife Beating in Islamic Law]] on how the most popular English hadith website has tampered with their source translation, replacing the accurately translated words highlighted below with their own softer and unjustifiable translation ("a nudge on the chest which I felt"). | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|2127}}|... He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. '''He struck me on the chest which caused me pain''', and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you?..."}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim|4|2127}}|... He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. '''He struck me on the chest which caused me pain''', and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you?..."}} | ||
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{{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/tabari/4/34 al-Tabari 4:34]|2=I said to Ibn ‘Abbaas, what is a non-severe beating? He said, Hitting with a siwaak and the like.}} | {{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/tabari/4/34 al-Tabari 4:34]|2=I said to Ibn ‘Abbaas, what is a non-severe beating? He said, Hitting with a siwaak and the like.}} | ||
==== | ====Wives should not be beaten like slaves or camels==== | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|132}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Zam'a: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|132}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Zam'a: | ||
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{{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3527}}|Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: | {{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3527}}|Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: | ||
My husband Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al-Mughira sent 'Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a to me with a divorce, and he also sent through him five si's of dates and five si's of barley. I said: Is there no maintenance allowance for me but only this, and I cannot even spend my 'Idda period in your house? He said: No. She said: I dressed myself and came to Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him). He said: How many pronouncements of divorce have been made for you? I said: Three. He said what he ('Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a) had stated was true. There is no maintenance allowance for you. Spend 'Idda period in the house of your cousin, Ibn Umm Maktum. He is blind and you can put off your garment in his presence. And when you have spent your Idda period, you inform me. She said: Mu'awiya and Abu'l-Jahm (Allah be pleased with them) were among those who had given me the proposal of marriage. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) said: Mu'awiya is destitute and in poor condition and Abu'l-Jahm is very harsh with women (or he beats women, or like that), you should take Usama b. Zaid (as your husband).}} | My husband Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al-Mughira sent 'Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a to me with a divorce, and he also sent through him five si's of dates and five si's of barley. I said: Is there no maintenance allowance for me but only this, and I cannot even spend my 'Idda period in your house? He said: No. She said: I dressed myself and came to Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him). He said: How many pronouncements of divorce have been made for you? I said: Three. He said what he ('Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a) had stated was true. There is no maintenance allowance for you. Spend 'Idda period in the house of your cousin, Ibn Umm Maktum. He is blind and you can put off your garment in his presence. And when you have spent your Idda period, you inform me. She said: Mu'awiya and Abu'l-Jahm (Allah be pleased with them) were among those who had given me the proposal of marriage. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) said: Mu'awiya is destitute and in poor condition and Abu'l-Jahm is very harsh with women (or he beats women, or like that), you should take Usama b. Zaid (as your husband).}} | ||
====Muhammad himself never struck a woman==== | |||
{{Quote|1={{Abu Dawud||4768|Hasan}}|2=`A’isha said: the Messenger of Allah (saws) never struck a servant or a woman.}} | |||
====Muhammad instructs do not strike your wife on her face==== | ====Muhammad instructs do not strike your wife on her face==== | ||