4,794
edits
Conquest of Khaybar: Difference between revisions
→Modern Views and Perspectives
| [checked revision] | [checked revision] |
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
During the battle, Muhammad forbade his men from sexually taking the pregnant women of their enemies, and decreed that the Muslims must await an [[Iddah]] before sexually enjoying captured women in [[Jihad]]<ref> Sunan Abi Dawud Book 12, Hadith 110 </ref>. He also forbade the eating of all birds and beasts of prey<ref>Sunan Abi Dawud Book 28 Hadith 70 </ref>, mules, and asses<ref>Sunan Abi Dawud Book 28 Hadith 54</ref>. | During the battle, Muhammad forbade his men from sexually taking the pregnant women of their enemies, and decreed that the Muslims must await an [[Iddah]] before sexually enjoying captured women in [[Jihad]]<ref> Sunan Abi Dawud Book 12, Hadith 110 </ref>. He also forbade the eating of all birds and beasts of prey<ref>Sunan Abi Dawud Book 28 Hadith 70 </ref>, mules, and asses<ref>Sunan Abi Dawud Book 28 Hadith 54</ref>. | ||
After the conclusion of the battle Kinanah agreed to terms, that the Jews would leave Khaybar but also leave all of their wealth to the Muslims. A Jewish traitor informed Muhammad that Kinanah had hidden some treasures around an old ruin. Muhammad asked Kinanah about his treasure, which he denied having. The Muslims excavated the ruin and found his treasure. When they confronted him and demanded to know where the rest of it was, Kinanah refused. Muhammad ordered that a fire be kindled on his chest to torture him into revealing the location of the hidden treasure. After he was tortured for this information, he was beheaded, and Muhammad took [[Safiyah]], his bride, as his own wife. | After the conclusion of the battle Kinanah agreed to terms, that the Jews would leave Khaybar but also leave all of their wealth to the Muslims. A Jewish traitor informed Muhammad that Kinanah had hidden some treasures around an old ruin. Muhammad asked Kinanah about his treasure, which he denied having. The Muslims excavated the ruin and found his treasure. When they confronted him and demanded to know where the rest of it was, Kinanah refused. Muhammad ordered that a fire be kindled on his chest to torture him into revealing the location of the hidden treasure. After he was tortured for this information, he was beheaded, and Muhammad took [[Safiyah]], his bride, as his own wife <ref>Robert Spencer Muhammad: A Critical Biography Simon and Schuster 2024, pages 249-252</ref>. | ||
After Khaybar had been subdued, Muhammad commanded a captive Jewish woman, Zaynab bint al-Harith, to prepare a meal for him. Zaynab asked what part of the animal Muhammad liked the most, and he answered that it was the shoulder. Zaynab's father had been killed during the conquest of Khaybar, and she poisoned the shoulder. Muhammad took a bite of the poisoned shoulder meat, but he spit it out, while the Companion Bishr swallowed it | After Khaybar had been subdued, Muhammad commanded a captive Jewish woman, Zaynab bint al-Harith, to prepare a meal for him. Zaynab asked what part of the animal Muhammad liked the most, and he answered that it was the shoulder. Zaynab's father had been killed during the conquest of Khaybar, and she poisoned the shoulder. Muhammad took a bite of the poisoned shoulder meat, but he spit it out, while the Companion Bishr swallowed it lived <ref>Meraj Mohiudeen Revelation The Story of Muhammad Whiteboard Press 2016 page 290 </ref>, but Bishr died within a year according to Waqidi <ref>Robert Spencer Muhammad: A Critical Biography Simon and Schuster 2024, pages 252</ref>. Although Muhammad lived, he would later tell Bishr's mother on his death bead that it was this poisoned meat which killed him. According to ibn Hisham and Bukhari, the Zaynab told him that if he was a prophet he would be protected, and Muhammad let her live, while in Sunan Abi Dawud (below) Muhammad ordered that she be executed <ref>Robert Spencer Muhammad: A Critical Biography Simon and Schuster 2024, pages 253</ref>. | ||
Muhammad divided the spoils of Khaybar amongst his followers, taking a larger share and the Jewish princess Safiyyah for himself. The Jews were eventually allowed to stay in Khaybar and til the land in exchange for paying the [[Jizyah]] and accepting Muslim rule, making them the first [[Dhimmi|Dhimmis]]. The Jews would stay in Khaybar after the death of Muhammad, until they were expelled by 'Umar, who justified his actions with the saying of the prophet that no religion should exist in Arabia save for Islam. | Muhammad divided the spoils of Khaybar amongst his followers, taking a larger share and the Jewish princess Safiyyah for himself. The Jews were eventually allowed to stay in Khaybar and til the land in exchange for paying the [[Jizyah]] and accepting Muslim rule, making them the first [[Dhimmi|Dhimmis]]. The Jews would stay in Khaybar after the death of Muhammad, until they were expelled by 'Umar, who justified his actions with the saying of the prophet that no religion should exist in Arabia save for Islam <ref>Hans Jansen Mohammed Eine Biographie Verlag C.H Beck oHg page 360-361 </ref>. | ||
==Tafsir Accounts== | ==Tafsir Accounts== | ||
| Line 138: | Line 138: | ||
The battle of Khaybar was viewed at the time of the writing and collecting of the [[sirah]] and [[hadith]] literature as an unabashed triumph of the prophet and Islam over the Jews and unbelief (kufr) in general. The Islamic literature took great pride in recounting the defeat of the Jews, the seizure of their property, the discovry of the treasure of [[Kinana]], his torture, the taking of his wife [[Safiyya]] by Muhammad, and the reduction of the Jews of Khaybar to [[dhimmitude]]. The narrative of Khaybar served as a template for the Muslims when dealing with Christian enemies in terms of governance, booty, and terms of surrender. | The battle of Khaybar was viewed at the time of the writing and collecting of the [[sirah]] and [[hadith]] literature as an unabashed triumph of the prophet and Islam over the Jews and unbelief (kufr) in general. The Islamic literature took great pride in recounting the defeat of the Jews, the seizure of their property, the discovry of the treasure of [[Kinana]], his torture, the taking of his wife [[Safiyya]] by Muhammad, and the reduction of the Jews of Khaybar to [[dhimmitude]]. The narrative of Khaybar served as a template for the Muslims when dealing with Christian enemies in terms of governance, booty, and terms of surrender. | ||
Modern Muslims and Arab nationalists, when facing the state of Israel in battle, have often invoked the memory of Khaybar to encourage their people to fight the Jews. Muslims around the world have repeated to chant "Khaybar, Khaybar ya yahud, jaysh Muhammad saya'ud"<ref>Dziadosz, Alexander (2012-11-15). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-palestinians-israel-islamists-idUKBRE8AE1GP20121115/ "Islamist leaders vow unity against Israel".] ''[[Reuters]]''. Retrieved 28 November 2023.</ref> "Khaybar, Khaybar oh Jews, the army of Muhammad shall return." Modern Jews have described such invocations as manifestations of anti-Semitism, while liberal Muslims have cast doubt on this and many other sirah and hadith narratives, using the Qur'an as a template for more convivial inter-faith relations than those portrayed in the sirah-maghazi literature. | Modern Muslims and Arab nationalists, when facing the state of Israel in battle, have often invoked the memory of Khaybar to encourage their people to fight the Jews. Muslims around the world have repeated to chant "Khaybar, Khaybar ya yahud, jaysh Muhammad saya'ud"<ref>Dziadosz, Alexander (2012-11-15). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-palestinians-israel-islamists-idUKBRE8AE1GP20121115/ "Islamist leaders vow unity against Israel".] ''[[Reuters]]''. Retrieved 28 November 2023.</ref> "Khaybar, Khaybar oh Jews, the army of Muhammad shall return."<ref>Robert Spencer Muhammad: A Critical Biography Simon and Schuster 2024, pages 255</ref> Modern Jews have described such invocations as manifestations of anti-Semitism, while liberal Muslims have cast doubt on this and many other sirah and hadith narratives, using the Qur'an as a template for more convivial inter-faith relations than those portrayed in the sirah-maghazi literature. | ||
==Problems with the Traditional Narrative== | ==Problems with the Traditional Narrative== | ||