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Wife Beating in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions
→Linguistic Analysis of Verse in Arabic
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==Linguistic Analysis of Verse in Arabic== | ==Linguistic Analysis of Verse in Arabic== | ||
The operative clause in {{Quran|4|34}} reads: | The operative clause in {{Quran|4|34}} reads:<br />{{Quote|{{Quran 4:34}}|ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ ۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ | ||
<br />{{Quote|{{Quran 4:34}}|ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ ۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ | |||
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ʿalā--on, here with qawwāmūna meaning "of" or "over" | ʿalā--on, here with qawwāmūna meaning "of" or "over" | ||
n-nisāʾ-- | n-nisāʾ-- The women | ||
The next piece reads: fa-ṣ-ṣāliḥātu qānitātun ḥāfiẓātun li-l-ghaybi bi-mā ḥafiẓa llāhu فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ "And the righteous women, the obedient women, | The next piece reads: fa-ṣ-ṣāliḥātu qānitātun ḥāfiẓātun li-l-ghaybi bi-mā ḥafiẓa llāhu فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ "And the righteous women, the obedient women, guard in hiddiness what Allah has guarded", usually meaning that they dress modestly. | ||
fa-ṣ-ṣāliḥātu--the righteous/pure/religiously observant women | |||
qānitātun--the obediant woment | |||
ḥāfiẓātun--femine plural active particple of "guard" id est they are guarding or they guard | |||
li-l-ghaybi--in unseenness/occlusion/secrecy | |||
bi-mā ḥafiẓa--of what (Allah) guarded | |||
llāhu-- Allah | |||
The final piece of the verse reads: wa-llātī takhāfūna nushūzahunna fa-ʿiẓūhunna wa-hjurūhunna fī l-maḍājiʿi wa-ḍribūhunna وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ | |||
wa-llātī takhāfūna-- and those (feminine plural) whom you (masculine second person plural) fear | |||
nushūzahunna-- their (feminine plural) insolence, disobedience, uprising; this word was key to understanding this verse, and the mufasirrun and jurists went to lengths to define this. For modern progressive Muslims the meaning of this word has also been important. | |||
fa-ʿiẓūhunna--(plural command form) scold them/admonish them (feminine plural them) | |||
wa-hjurūhunna fī l-maḍājiʿi | |||
wa-ḍribūhunna--(plural command form) beat them (feminine plural them). In modern times some translators and progressive Muslims have engaged in outright deception about the meaning of this word in this verse, translating it as things other than "beat them (the woman)." These translations are patently false; see [[The Meaning of Daraba|The Meaning of Daraba.]] | |||
==Asbab An-Nuzuul of the Verse== | ==Asbab An-Nuzuul of the Verse== | ||
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==Tafsirs of the Verse== | ==Tafsirs of the Verse== | ||
===Modern Tafsirs=== | ===Modern Tafsirs=== | ||