Wife Beating in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions

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 The earliest book around Asbab An-Nuzuul is a book of the same name by Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi (d. 1075 CE). He did not cover the majority of verses in the Qur'an but he did cover these verses. Al-Wahidi writes:
-{{Quote|shorturl.at/qvLU7|قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ وَكَانَ مِنَ النُّقَبَاءِ، وَامْرَأَتِهِ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ، وَهُمَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا نَشَزَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَطَمَهَا، فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُوهَا مَعَهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فَقَالَ: أَفْرَشْتُهُ كَرِيمَتِي فَلَطَمَهَا. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-«لِتَقْتَصَّ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا»، وَانْصَرَفَتْ مَعَ أَبِيهَا لِتَقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-«ارْجِعُوا، هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَتَانِي»، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-«أَرَدْنَا أَمْرًا وَأَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا، وَالَّذِي أَرَادَ اللَّهُ خَيْرٌ»، وَرَفَعَ الْقِصَاصَ.
+{{Quote|[https://shamela.ws/book/11314/148#p1 The Causes of Revelation by Al-Wahidi ]|قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ وَكَانَ مِنَ النُّقَبَاءِ، وَامْرَأَتِهِ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ، وَهُمَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا نَشَزَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَطَمَهَا، فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُوهَا مَعَهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فَقَالَ: أَفْرَشْتُهُ كَرِيمَتِي فَلَطَمَهَا. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-«لِتَقْتَصَّ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا»، وَانْصَرَفَتْ مَعَ أَبِيهَا لِتَقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-«ارْجِعُوا، هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَتَانِي»، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-«أَرَدْنَا أَمْرًا وَأَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا، وَالَّذِي أَرَادَ اللَّهُ خَيْرٌ»، وَرَفَعَ الْقِصَاصَ.
-Muqaatil said "This verse came down in regards to Sa'd bin Rabi' and he was of the Nuqabaa', and his wife Habiba bint Zayd bin Abi Zuhayr, and the two of them were of the Ansar. What happened was that she was disobedient to him and he struck her, then her father set out with her to the prophet--peace and prayers of Allah be upon him--and he said "I gave my daughter to him and he hit her." The prophet--eace and prayers of Allah be upon him--said "let you take vengence from her husband." And she parted with her father to take vengence on him (by her father striking him), the The prophet--eace and prayers of Allah be upon him--said "return, Jibreel peace be upon him has brought me this" and then Allah the most High brought down this verse. Then the prophet--eace and prayers of Allah be upon him--said "We wanted one thing and Allah wanted (another) thing, and what Allah wants is good" and so ends the story.}}Al-Wahidi also gives a second version of the same story:{{Quote|shorturl.at/qvLU7|حدَّثنا يونس عن الحسن:
+Muqaatil said "This verse came down in regards to Sa'd bin Rabi' and he was of the Nuqabaa', and his wife Habiba bint Zayd bin Abi Zuhayr, and the two of them were of the Ansar. What happened was that she was disobedient to him and he struck her, then her father set out with her to the prophet--peace and prayers of Allah be upon him--and he said "I gave my daughter to him and he hit her." The prophet--eace and prayers of Allah be upon him--said "let you take vengence from her husband." And she parted with her father to take vengence on him (by her father striking him), the The prophet--eace and prayers of Allah be upon him--said "return, Jibreel peace be upon him has brought me this" and then Allah the most High brought down this verse. Then the prophet--eace and prayers of Allah be upon him--said "We wanted one thing and Allah wanted (another) thing, and what Allah wants is good" and so ends the story.}}Al-Wahidi also gives a second version of the same story:{{Quote|[https://www.altafsir.com/AsbabAlnuzol.asp?SoraName&#61;4&Ayah&#61;34&search&#61;yes&img&#61;A The Causes of Revelation by Al-Wahidi]|حدَّثنا يونس عن الحسن:
 أن رجلاً لطم امرأَته فخاصمته إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فجاء معها أهلها فقالوا: يا رسول الله، إِن فلاناً لطم صاحبتنا. فجعل رسول الله يقول: القصاص القصاص. ولا يقضي قضاء، فنزلت هذه الآية: ﴿ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ﴾ فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: أَردنا أَمراً وأَراد الله غيره.
 Yunis told us through Al-Hasan: A man struck his wife, she took the case to the prophet of god peace and prayer of All be upon him, and her parents went with her and they said: "Oh Prophet of Allah, someone struck our daughter. This made the prophet of Allah say: reprisal is reprisal (meaning let the repirsal happen). And he hadn't rendered his judgement, when this verse came down "Men are in power over women....." And the messenger of Allah peace and prayers of Allah be upon him said "We wanted one thing and Allah wanted something else."
-}}He also offers a seemingly abridged 3rd version of the story:{{Quote|shorturl.at/qvLU7|  إسماعيل، عن الحسن، قال:
+}}He also offers a seemingly abridged 3rd version of the story:{{Quote|[https://www.altafsir.com/AsbabAlnuzol.asp?SoraName&#61;4&Ayah&#61;34&search&#61;yes&img&#61;A The Causes of Revelation by Al-Wahidi]|  إسماعيل، عن الحسن، قال:
 لما نزلت آية القصاص بين المسلمين لطم رجل امرأته، فانطلقت إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقالت: إن زوجي لطمني فالقصاص، قال: القصاص، فبينا هو كذلك أَنزل الله تعالى: ﴿ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ﴾ فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: أردنا أمراً فأبى الله تعالى [إلا غيرَه]. خذ أيها الرجل بيد امرأَتك.