https://wikiislam.net/index.php?title=Waswas_chuchotement_diabolique&feed=atom&action=historyWaswas chuchotement diabolique - Revision history2024-03-29T09:54:40ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.4https://wikiislam.net/index.php?title=Waswas_chuchotement_diabolique&diff=135277&oldid=prevRégulus: /* Psychology */2022-04-28T22:56:50Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Psychology</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=4|References=2}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=4|References=2}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The term '''</del>Waswas<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in Arabic </del>وسوس) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>Islam <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">literally refers to </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whispers </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">usually from </del>Shaitan [Satan])". <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the term is usually used to refer to doubts and temptations</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is commonly believed that </del>Satan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and his minions tempt Muslims to sin and weaken their faith in Islam through doubt</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">When Muslims have negative thoughts about Islam</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or thoughts that go against the teachings of Islam this is usually regarded as </del>''waswas (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or </del>waswasa).'' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Critics see this as a way to dismiss concerns around Islam and excuse human and biological natural drive</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le terme </ins>Waswas (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en arabe </ins>وسوس) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dans l'</ins>Islam <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fait littéralement référence aux </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">murmures </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">généralement de </ins>Shaitan [Satan])". <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cependant</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce terme est généralement utilisé pour désigner les doutes et les tentations</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il est communément admis que </ins>Satan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et ses sbires tentent les musulmans de pécher et d'affaiblir leur foi en l'islam par le doute</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lorsque les musulmans ont des pensées négatives sur l'islam</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ou des pensées qui vont à l</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">encontre des enseignements de l</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">islam, cela est généralement considéré comme du </ins>waswas (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ou </ins>waswasa). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les critiques y voient un moyen d'écarter les préoccupations concernant l</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">islam et d</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">excuser la pulsion naturelle humaine et biologique</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Waswas <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in the Qur'an</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le </ins>Waswas <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dans le Coran</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The Arabic word </del>وسوس (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del>waswas<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in various forms appears five times in the Qur'an</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le mot arabe </ins>وسوس (waswas)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, sous diverses formes, apparaît cinq fois dans le Coran</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The first two refer to the story of </del>Adam <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </del>Eve. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>fa- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">prefix is a linking particle in Arabic which can have many translations into other languages</del>; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">its purpose is to help introduce a new </del>clause <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or idea</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Les deux premières font référence à l'histoire d'</ins>Adam <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et </ins>Eve. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le préfixe </ins>fa- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">est une particule de liaison en arabe qui peut avoir de nombreuses traductions dans d'autres langues </ins>; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">son but est d'aider à introduire une nouvelle </ins>clause <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ou idée</ins>.{{Quote|{{Quran|7|20}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their evil inclinations, and he said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals.}}<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dans un cas, le Coran dit que l'âme murmure</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le </ins>tu- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indique simplement le présent</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">la troisième personne</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">le féminin</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">le verbe singulier</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Quran|7|20}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their evil inclinations, and he said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals.}}<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In one instance the Quran says the soul whispers</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>tu- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">simply indicates present tense</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3rd person</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">feminine</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">singular verb</del>.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Quran|50|16}}|And We have already created man and know what his soul '''whispers''' (تُوَسْوِسُ, ''tuwaswisu'') to him, and We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Quran|50|16}}|And We have already created man and know what his soul '''whispers''' (تُوَسْوِسُ, ''tuwaswisu'') to him, and We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Two times in a chapter </del>114. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>al- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicates definite </del>article (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">before a noun</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>yu- <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicates present tense</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3rd person</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">singular, masculine verb</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>114:1 Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of men,</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Deux fois dans un chapitre </ins>114. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le </ins>al- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indique l'</ins>article <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">défini </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">devant un nom</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le </ins>yu- <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indique un verbe masculin au présent</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">à la 3ème personne</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">au singulier</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">114:2 The King of men,</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">114:3 The god of men,</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">114:4 From the evil of the retreating <nowiki>'''</nowiki>whisperer<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ, <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-waswasi<nowiki>''</nowiki>)</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">114:5 Who <nowiki>'''</nowiki>whispers<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (يُوَسْوِسُ, <nowiki>''</nowiki>yuwaswisu<nowiki>''</nowiki>) into the hearts of men,</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">114:6 From among the jinn and the men.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Quran|114|1-6}}</ref></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tafsir Al-Jalalayn <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">says that the </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whisperer</del>" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>114:4 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </del>Satan:</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tafsir Al-Jalalayn <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dit que le </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chuchoteur</ins>" <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dans </ins>114:4 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">est </ins>Satan :{{Quote|Tafsir Al-Jalalayn on 114:4|from the evil of '''the slinking whisperer Satan''' — he is referred to by the name of the action waswasa on account of his repeated engaging in it — who slinks away and recoils from the heart whenever God is mentioned}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|Tafsir Al-Jalalayn on 114:4|from the evil of '''the slinking whisperer Satan''' — he is referred to by the name of the action waswasa on account of his repeated engaging in it — who slinks away and recoils from the heart whenever God is mentioned}}</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Qur'an and Hadith on </del>Waswas==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Le Coran et les Hadiths sur les </ins>Waswas==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Quran|7|20}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their evil inclinations, and he said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals.}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Quran|7|20}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their evil inclinations, and he said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals.}}</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l71">Line 71:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 62:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Verily we perceive in our minds that which every one of us considers it too grave to express. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Do you really perceive it? They said: Yes. Upon this he remarked: That is the faith manifest.}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Verily we perceive in our minds that which every one of us considers it too grave to express. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Do you really perceive it? They said: Yes. Upon this he remarked: That is the faith manifest.}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The Idea of Waswasa vis-a-vis The Scientific Method</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'idée de Waswas face à la méthode scientifique</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The scientific method</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which forms the cornerstone of modern and western </del>culture <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and technology</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generally encourages questioning of authority and received wisdom</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In contrast</del>, Sahih Muslim <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">says of questioning the received ideas of god from Islamic theology</del>: </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La méthode scientifique</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui constitue la pierre angulaire de la </ins>culture <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et de la technologie modernes et occidentales</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">encourage généralement la remise en question de l'autorité et des idées reçues</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En revanche</ins>, Sahih Muslim <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parle de remettre en question les idées reçues sur Dieu dans la théologie islamique </ins>: </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|244}}| It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah may peace be upon him) observed:</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|244}}| It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah may peace be upon him) observed:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Satan comes to everyone of you and says: Who created this and that? till he questions: Who created your Lord? When he comes to that, one should seek refuge in Allah and keep away (from such idle thoughts).}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Satan comes to everyone of you and says: Who created this and that? till he questions: Who created your Lord? When he comes to that, one should seek refuge in Allah and keep away (from such idle thoughts).}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In stark contrast to the ethos of the scientific method</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">this </del>hadith <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">attributes </del>questions <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">about the received knowledge of Islamic philosophy to the villainy of satan</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Whereas a person from a more modern cultural background might see such doubt of received knowledge as </del>normal <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and even healthy</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">people from Muslim cultural backgrounds are often taught that this doubt comes directly from </del>Satan <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whispering into their ears</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There are thus in the modern world many instances of believers trying to </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cure</del>" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">themselves from </del>waswas <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>Just Google "waswas".</ref></del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">what might be otherwise considered as normal doubts one might have about a received religious or cultural </del>tradition. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The basic treatment method is ''</del>ruqya'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">' - exorcism</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Verses from the Qur'an are recited on the </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">processed</del>" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Muslim</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is also a possibility of self</del>-ruqya <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>http://www.aburuqya.com/self-ruqya</ref></del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">where Muslim tries to get rid of </del>waswas <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">by praying and reading the Qur</del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an (and other practices</del>).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">En contraste frappant avec l'éthique de la méthode scientifique</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce </ins>hadith <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">attribue les </ins>questions <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">concernant les connaissances reçues de la philosophie islamique à la méchanceté de Satan</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Alors qu'une personne issue d'un milieu culturel plus moderne pourrait considérer comme </ins>normal <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et même sain le fait de douter des connaissances reçues</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les personnes issues de milieux culturels musulmans apprennent souvent que ce doute provient directement de </ins>Satan <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">qui leur chuchote à l'oreille</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il existe donc dans le monde moderne de nombreux cas de croyants qui essaient de se </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">guérir</ins>" <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">du </ins>waswas, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ce qui pourrait être considéré comme des doutes normaux que l'on peut avoir sur une </ins>tradition <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">religieuse ou culturelle reçue</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La méthode de traitement de base est la </ins>ruqya <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- l</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">exorcisme</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Des versets du Coran sont récités sur le musulman </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">traité</ins>". <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Il existe également une possibilité d'auto</ins>-ruqya, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">où le musulman tente de se débarrasser du </ins>waswas <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">en priant et en lisant le Coran (et d</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">autres pratiques</ins>).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Psychology</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Psychologie</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Many of the traditional responses advised by the Islamic </del>tradition <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to </del>waswas <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">seem to resemble in some ways [[W:Psychological repression|psychological repression]]</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The main thrust of these ideas about wasawas is that a true, believing Muslims should push doubts into the unconscious mind from the conscious mind</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">From the unconscious mind, the repressed thoughts might express themselves in dreams</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inner voices</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or seemingly unexplained </del>actions <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in their personal or professional lives</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nombre des réponses conseillées par la </ins>tradition <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">islamique aux </ins>waswas <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">semblent ressembler, à certains égards, à une répression psychologique</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'idée maîtresse de ces idées sur les waswas est qu'un vrai musulman croyant doit refouler les doutes de l'esprit conscient vers l'inconscient</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">À partir de l'inconscient</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">les pensées refoulées peuvent s'exprimer dans des rêves</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">des voix intérieures ou des </ins>actions <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">apparemment inexpliquées dans leur vie personnelle ou professionnelle</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The therapy for psychological repression is basically the opposite of what </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Islamic </del>waswas <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">therapy</del>" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">does</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In </del>Freud'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s psychotherapy, the psychotherapist re-introduces the repressed thoughts back into the conscious mind <ref>Freud, Five Lectures p</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">35</ref>. The conscious mind then learns to live with the previously-repressed thoughts and so there is no more repression</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">While the Islamic treatment of </del>waswas <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is trying to repress the </del>"<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bad</del>" <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thoughts so much that they become silent</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Which is not </del>possible, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">because repressed thoughts don't disappear</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">They only hide in the unconscious mind and there they still affect a person</del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s behavior and cause psychological problems</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">La thérapie du refoulement psychologique est fondamentalement à l'opposé de ce que fait la </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thérapie islamique du </ins>waswas". <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dans la psychothérapie de </ins>Freud<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, le psychothérapeute réintroduit les pensées refoulées dans l</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">esprit conscient</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">L'esprit conscient apprend alors à vivre avec les pensées précédemment réprimées et il n'y a donc plus de répression</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Alors que le traitement islamique du </ins>waswas <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">consiste à essayer de réprimer les </ins>"<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mauvaises</ins>" <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pensées au point qu'elles deviennent silencieuses</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ce qui n'est pas </ins>possible, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">car les pensées refoulées ne disparaissent pas</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elles se cachent seulement dans l</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inconscient et là, elles affectent toujours le comportement de la personne et causent des problèmes psychologiques</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">References</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Références</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Supernatural beings]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Supernatural beings]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Régulushttps://wikiislam.net/index.php?title=Waswas_chuchotement_diabolique&diff=135101&oldid=prevAsmith: Created page with "{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=4|References=2}} The term '''Waswas''' (in Arabic وسوس) in Islam literally refers to "whispers (usually from Shaitan [..."2022-03-28T01:16:13Z<p>Created page with "{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=4|References=2}} The term '''Waswas''' (in Arabic وسوس) in Islam literally refers to "whispers (usually from Shaitan [..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=4|References=2}}<br />
The term '''Waswas''' (in Arabic وسوس) in Islam literally refers to "whispers (usually from Shaitan [Satan])". However, the term is usually used to refer to doubts and temptations. It is commonly believed that Satan and his minions tempt Muslims to sin and weaken their faith in Islam through doubt. When Muslims have negative thoughts about Islam, or thoughts that go against the teachings of Islam this is usually regarded as ''waswas (or waswasa).'' Critics see this as a way to dismiss concerns around Islam and excuse human and biological natural drive.<br />
<br />
==Waswas in the Qur'an==<br />
The Arabic word وسوس (''waswas'') in various forms appears five times in the Qur'an.<br />
<br />
The first two refer to the story of Adam and Eve. The fa- prefix is a linking particle in Arabic which can have many translations into other languages; its purpose is to help introduce a new clause or idea.<br />
{{Quote|{{Quran|7|20}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their evil inclinations, and he said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals.}}In one instance the Quran says the soul whispers. The tu- simply indicates present tense, 3rd person, feminine, singular verb.<br />
{{Quote|{{Quran|50|16}}|And We have already created man and know what his soul '''whispers''' (تُوَسْوِسُ, ''tuwaswisu'') to him, and We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein}}<br />
<br />
Two times in a chapter 114. The al- indicates definite article (before a noun). The yu- indicates present tense, 3rd person, singular, masculine verb.<ref>114:1 Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of men,<br />
114:2 The King of men,<br />
114:3 The god of men,<br />
114:4 From the evil of the retreating <nowiki>'''</nowiki>whisperer<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ, <nowiki>''</nowiki>al-waswasi<nowiki>''</nowiki>)<br />
114:5 Who <nowiki>'''</nowiki>whispers<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (يُوَسْوِسُ, <nowiki>''</nowiki>yuwaswisu<nowiki>''</nowiki>) into the hearts of men,<br />
114:6 From among the jinn and the men.<br />
<br />
{{Quran|114|1-6}}</ref><br />
<br />
Tafsir Al-Jalalayn says that the "whisperer" in 114:4 is Satan:<br />
{{Quote|Tafsir Al-Jalalayn on 114:4|from the evil of '''the slinking whisperer Satan''' — he is referred to by the name of the action waswasa on account of his repeated engaging in it — who slinks away and recoils from the heart whenever God is mentioned}}<br />
<br />
==Qur'an and Hadith on Waswas==<br />
{{Quote|{{Quran|7|20}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to them that he might make manifest to them what had been hidden from them of their evil inclinations, and he said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals.}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Quran|20|120}}|'''But''' the Shaitan '''made an evil suggestion''' (فَوَسْوَسَ, ''fa-waswasa'') to him; he said: O Adam! Shall I guide you to the tree of immortality and a kingdom which decays not?}}{{Quote|{{Quran|50|16}}|And We have already created man and know what his soul '''whispers''' (تُوَسْوِسُ, ''tuwaswisu'') to him, and We are <br />
closer to him than [his] jugular vein}}{{Quote|{{Quran|114|1-6}}|<br />
114:1 Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of men,<br />
<br />
114:2 The King of men,<br />
<br />
114:3 The god of men,<br />
<br />
114:4 From the evil of the retreating '''whisperer''' (ٱلْوَسْوَاسِ, ''al-waswasi'')<br />
<br />
114:5 Who '''whispers''' (يُوَسْوِسُ, ''yuwaswisu'') into the hearts of men,<br />
<br />
114:6 From among the jinn and the men.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|46|705}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:<br />
<br />
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Allah has accepted my invocation to forgive what whispers in the hearts of my followers, unless they put it to action or utter it."}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|78|657}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:<br />
<br />
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Allah forgives my followers those (evil deeds) their souls may whisper or suggest to them as long as they do not act (on it) or speak."}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai|4|27|3464}} (Sahih)|It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said:<br />
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, has forgiven my Ummah for what is whispered to them or what enters their minds, so long as they do not act upon it or speak of it.'"}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai|1|1|36}}|<br />
It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Mughaffal that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:<br />
"None of you should urinate in the place where he bathes, for most Waswas (devilish whispers) [1] come from that." [1] I.e., with regard to whether the urine has soiled his body or not.}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai|2|13|1254}} (Sahih)|It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said:<br />
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'When the call to prayer is given, the Shaitan runs away breaking wind loudly. When the Tathwb (Iqamah) is completed, he comes back and whispers to a man in his hear, until he does not know how many (rak'ahs) he has prayed. If any one of you notices that, let him prostrate twice.'"}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai|2|13|1257}} (Sahih)|It was narrated that Ibrahim bin Suwaid said:<br />
"Alqamah prayed five (rak'ahs) and was told about that. He said: 'Did I really do that?' I nodded yes. He said: 'What about you, O odd-eyed one?' I said: 'Yes'. So he prostrated twice, then he narrated to us from 'Abdullah that the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed five (rak'ahs), and the people whispered to one another, then they said to him: 'Has something been added the prayer?' He said: 'No.' So they told him, and he turned around and prostrated twice, then he said: 'I am only human; I forget as you forget.'"<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai|1|1|134}} (Hasan)|It was narrated from Al-Hakam, from his father, that when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) performed Wudu', he would take a handful of water and do this with it. Shu'bah described it:<br />
"He would sprinkle his private parts with it." [1] Shaikh Ibn As-Sunni said: "Al-Hakam (one of the narrators) is Ibn Sufyan Ath-Thaqafi. [1] The purpose is to ward off devilish '''whispers''' lest the person think any emission has taken place, and thus think that his Wudu' has been invalidated.}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|Riyad As-Salihin 18:1668|Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) said:<br />
Some people asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about soothsayers. He (ﷺ) said, "They are of no account." Upon this they said to him, "O Messenger of Allah! But they sometimes make true predictions." Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "That is a word pertaining to truth which a jinn snatches (from the angels) and whispers into the ears of his friend (the soothsayers) who will then mix more than a hundred lies with it."}}<br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|239}}|<br />
It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that some people from amongst the Companions of the Apostle (ﷺ) came to him and said:<br />
Verily we perceive in our minds that which every one of us considers it too grave to express. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Do you really perceive it? They said: Yes. Upon this he remarked: That is the faith manifest.}}<br />
<br />
==The Idea of Waswasa vis-a-vis The Scientific Method==<br />
<br />
The scientific method, which forms the cornerstone of modern and western culture and technology, generally encourages questioning of authority and received wisdom. In contrast, Sahih Muslim says of questioning the received ideas of god from Islamic theology: <br />
<br />
{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|244}}| It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah may peace be upon him) observed:<br />
The Satan comes to everyone of you and says: Who created this and that? till he questions: Who created your Lord? When he comes to that, one should seek refuge in Allah and keep away (from such idle thoughts).}}<br />
<br />
In stark contrast to the ethos of the scientific method, this hadith attributes questions about the received knowledge of Islamic philosophy to the villainy of satan. Whereas a person from a more modern cultural background might see such doubt of received knowledge as normal and even healthy, people from Muslim cultural backgrounds are often taught that this doubt comes directly from Satan whispering into their ears. There are thus in the modern world many instances of believers trying to "cure" themselves from waswas <ref>Just Google "waswas".</ref>, what might be otherwise considered as normal doubts one might have about a received religious or cultural tradition. The basic treatment method is ''ruqya'' - exorcism. Verses from the Qur'an are recited on the "processed" Muslim. There is also a possibility of self-ruqya <ref>http://www.aburuqya.com/self-ruqya</ref>, where Muslim tries to get rid of waswas by praying and reading the Qur'an (and other practices).<br />
<br />
==Psychology==<br />
Many of the traditional responses advised by the Islamic tradition to waswas seem to resemble in some ways [[W:Psychological repression|psychological repression]]. The main thrust of these ideas about wasawas is that a true, believing Muslims should push doubts into the unconscious mind from the conscious mind. From the unconscious mind, the repressed thoughts might express themselves in dreams, inner voices, or seemingly unexplained actions in their personal or professional lives.<br />
<br />
The therapy for psychological repression is basically the opposite of what "Islamic waswas therapy" does. In Freud's psychotherapy, the psychotherapist re-introduces the repressed thoughts back into the conscious mind <ref>Freud, Five Lectures p. 35</ref>. The conscious mind then learns to live with the previously-repressed thoughts and so there is no more repression. While the Islamic treatment of waswas is trying to repress the "bad" thoughts so much that they become silent. Which is not possible, because repressed thoughts don't disappear. They only hide in the unconscious mind and there they still affect a person's behavior and cause psychological problems.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
[[Category:Supernatural beings]]<br />
[[Category:Jinn]]<br />
[[Category:Society and human nature]]<br />
[[Category:Pre-Islamic Arabia]]<br />
[[Category:Revelation]]</div>Asmith