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+Selon la tradition musulmane, la première communauté musulmane était impliquée dans des conflits quasi constants avec les tribus arabes voisines, les juifs locaux et les païens de La Mecque. Le tout premier document de source indépendante qui mentionne le prophète est en grec Διδασκαλία Ἰακώβου, Didaskalia Iacobou (L'enseignement de Jacob), qui mentionne que le prophète et ses Arabes est venu en Palestine "armé d'une épée". Une telle guerre dans cette période de l'histoire était toujours accompagnée de pillages et de saccages de la part de l'armée gagnante, et le sujet du butin revient sans cesse dans les sources primitives islamiques, car il s'agissait clairement d'un élément important, et même moteur des débuts de l'islam. Le hadith et la sira dépeignent Muhammad comme un chef de guerre arabe typique, très soucieux de la question du butin et motivé par le besoin d'en acquérir davantage.
 [[Category:QHS]]
 [[Category:Muhammad]]
 [[Category:Jihad]]
-{{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=4|Content=4|Language=4|References=4}}{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}
+<br />
-According to the Muslim tradition, the early Muslim community was involved in near constant conflicts with neighboring Arab tribes, local Jews, and the pagans of Mecca. The very first independently dated document we have to mention the prophet is the Greek Διδασκαλία Ἰακώβου ''Didaskalia Iacobou'' (The Teaching of Jacob), which mentions that the prophet and his Arabs had come to Palestine "armed with a sword." Such warfare in this historical period was always accompanied by looting and plunder on the part of the winning army, and the subject of taking booty comes up again and again in the early Islamic sources, as this was clearly an important, even driving factor for the early Muslim movement. The [[hadith]] and [[sira]] portray Muhammad as a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it.
+==Le butin a été légalisé pour Muhammad==
-==Booty has been made legal for Muhammad==
+{{Quote|{{Quran|8|1}}|Ils t'interrogent au sujet du butin. Dis: «Le butin est à Allah et à Son messager.» Craignez Allah, maintenez la concorde entre vous et obéissez à Allah et à Son messager, si vous êtes croyants}}{{Quote|{{Quran|8|41}}|Et sachez que, de tout butin que vous avez ramassé, le cinquième appartient à Allah, au messager, à ses proches parents, aux orphelins, aux pauvres, et aux voyageurs (en détresse), si vous croyez en Allah et en ce que Nous avons fait descendre sur Notre serviteur, le jour du Discernement: le jour où les deux groupes s'étaient rencontrés, et Allah est Omnipotent}}{{Quote|{{Quran|59|6}}|Le butin provenant de leurs biens et qu'Allah a accordé sans combat à Son Messager, vous n'y aviez engagé ni chevaux, ni chameaux; mais Allah, donne à Ses messagers la domination sur qui Il veut et Allah est Omnipotent}}{{quote | {{cite quran|8|68|end=69|style=ref}} |N'eût-été une prescription préalable d'Allah, un énorme châtiment vous aurait touché pour ce que vous avez pris. [de la rançon]
-{{Quote|{{Quran|8|1}}|They ask thee (O Muhammad) of the spoils of war. Say: '''The spoils of war belong to Allah and the messenger, so keep your duty to Allah,''' and adjust the matter of your difference, and obey Allah and His messenger, if ye are (true) believers. }}{{Quote|{{Quran|8|41}}|And know that whatever ye take as spoils of war, lo! a fifth thereof is for Allah, and for the messenger and for the kinsman (who hath need) and orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, if ye believe in Allah and that which We revealed unto Our slave on the Day of Discrimination, the day when the two armies met. And Allah is Able to do all things.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|59|6}}|What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from them [the Jews] - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: but Allah gives power to His messengers over any He pleases: and Allah has power over all things.}}{{quote | {{cite quran|8|68|end=69|style=ref}} |
-Had it not been for a previous ordainment from Allah, a severe penalty would have reached you for the (ransom) that ye took.<BR>
+Mangez donc de ce qui vous est échu en butin, tant qu'il est licite et pur. Et craignez Allah, car Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux}}{{Quote|{{Quran|9|103}}|Prélève de leurs biens une Sadaqa par laquelle tu les purifies et les bénis, et prie pour eux. Ta prière est une quiétude pour eux. Et Allah est Audient et Omniscient}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|351}}|Jabir bin Abdullah a dit: '''L'Apôtre d'Allah a dit: "Le butin a été rendu légal pour moi."'''}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|353}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "A prophet amongst the prophets carried out a holy military expedition, so he said to his followers, 'Anyone who has married a woman and wants to consummate the marriage, and has not done so yet, should not accompany me; nor should a man who has built a house but has not completed its roof; nor a man who has sheep or shecamels and is waiting for the birth of their young ones.' So, the prophet carried out the expedition and when he reached that town at the time or nearly at the time of the 'Asr prayer, he said to the sun, 'O sun! You are under Allah's Order and I am under Allah's Order O Allah! Stop it (i.e. the sun) from setting.' It was stopped till Allah made him victorious.
-But (now) enjoy what ye took in war, lawful and good: but fear Allah: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|9|103}}|Take alms out of their property, you would cleanse them and purify them thereby, and pray for them; surely your prayer is a relief to them; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|351}}|Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah: '''Allah's Apostle said, "Booty has been made legal for me."'''}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|353}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "A prophet amongst the prophets carried out a holy military expedition, so he said to his followers, 'Anyone who has married a woman and wants to consummate the marriage, and has not done so yet, should not accompany me; nor should a man who has built a house but has not completed its roof; nor a man who has sheep or shecamels and is waiting for the birth of their young ones.' So, the prophet carried out the expedition and when he reached that town at the time or nearly at the time of the 'Asr prayer, he said to the sun, 'O sun! You are under Allah's Order and I am under Allah's Order O Allah! Stop it (i.e. the sun) from setting.' It was stopped till Allah made him victorious.
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