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Seznam originálních islámských vynálezů, inovací, rekordů a prvenství: Difference between revisions
Seznam originálních islámských vynálezů, inovací, rekordů a prvenství (view source)
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===Moderní doba=== | ===Moderní doba=== | ||
*První počítačový virus, Brain.a, byl vytvořen v září 1986, dvěma bratry z Lahore, [[Pákistán]], Amjad Farooq Alvi a Basit Farooq Alvi. Vložili do něj svá jména, telefonní čísla a adresy.<ref>Mat Honan - [{{Reference archive|1=http://gizmodo.com/5827405/why-hackers-write-computer-viruses|2=2012-09-15}} Why Hackers Write Computer Viruses] - Gizmodo, August 4, 2011</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.ted.com/talks/mikko_hypponen_fighting_viruses_defending_the_net.html|2=2012-09-15}} Mikko Hypponen: Fighting viruses, defending the net] - TED, July 2011</ref> | *První počítačový virus, Brain.a, byl vytvořen v září 1986, dvěma bratry z Lahore, v [[Pákistán|Pákistánu]], Amjad Farooq Alvi a Basit Farooq Alvi. Vložili do něj svá jména, telefonní čísla a adresy.<ref>Mat Honan - [{{Reference archive|1=http://gizmodo.com/5827405/why-hackers-write-computer-viruses|2=2012-09-15}} Why Hackers Write Computer Viruses] - Gizmodo, August 4, 2011</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.ted.com/talks/mikko_hypponen_fighting_viruses_defending_the_net.html|2=2012-09-15}} Mikko Hypponen: Fighting viruses, defending the net] - TED, July 2011</ref> | ||
*Slovo "[[genocida]]"<ref>[[wikt:genocide|Wiktionary definition of ''genocide'']]</ref> bylo vytvořeno roku 1943, pro popis systematického zabíjení arménských křesťanů muslimskými turky.<ref>Coined by Raphael Lemkin, 1943; {{Cite journal | last = Hyde | first = Jennifer | title= Polish Jew gave his life defining, fighting genocide |url = http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/11/13/sbm.lemkin.profile/ |publisher=CNN |date= 2008-12-02 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCebMq-GmH4 Interview with R. Lemkin in the UN implying that the term "Genocide" was invented to describe the killing of a race or group, including Armenians, "because it happened so many times"].</ref> Je to široce uznáváno jako jedna z prvních moderních genocid,<ref name="24.04.1998">[http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.153/current_category.7/affirmation_detail.html Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution, April 24, 1998].</ref><ref name = "Ferguson">Ferguson, Niall (2006), written at New York, The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West, Penguin Press, ISBN 1594201005.</ref><ref name="IAGS">{{citation | publisher = Genocide Watch | url = http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Turkey-_13Jun05ErdoganletterAmericanHistoricalAssociation.pdf | format = PDF | title = A Letter from The International Association of Genocide Scholars | date = 2005-06-13}}.</ref> a inspirovala židovský holokaust.<ref>Mark Tran - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/oct/11/turkey.marktran|2=2012-06-10}} The spectre that haunts Turkey] - The Guardian, October 11, 2007</ref> | *Slovo "[[genocida]]"<ref>[[wikt:genocide|Wiktionary definition of ''genocide'']]</ref> bylo vytvořeno roku 1943, pro popis systematického zabíjení arménských křesťanů muslimskými turky.<ref>Coined by Raphael Lemkin, 1943; {{Cite journal | last = Hyde | first = Jennifer | title= Polish Jew gave his life defining, fighting genocide |url = http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/11/13/sbm.lemkin.profile/ |publisher=CNN |date= 2008-12-02 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCebMq-GmH4 Interview with R. Lemkin in the UN implying that the term "Genocide" was invented to describe the killing of a race or group, including Armenians, "because it happened so many times"].</ref> Je to široce uznáváno jako jedna z prvních moderních genocid,<ref name="24.04.1998">[http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.153/current_category.7/affirmation_detail.html Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution, April 24, 1998].</ref><ref name = "Ferguson">Ferguson, Niall (2006), written at New York, The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West, Penguin Press, ISBN 1594201005.</ref><ref name="IAGS">{{citation | publisher = Genocide Watch | url = http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Turkey-_13Jun05ErdoganletterAmericanHistoricalAssociation.pdf | format = PDF | title = A Letter from The International Association of Genocide Scholars | date = 2005-06-13}}.</ref> a inspirovala židovský holokaust.<ref>Mark Tran - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/oct/11/turkey.marktran|2=2012-06-10}} The spectre that haunts Turkey] - The Guardian, October 11, 2007</ref> | ||
*V lednu 2013, [[Irán]] odkryl svůj nový "amputační stroj" skrze svoji oficiální tiskovou agenturu, INSA. Zařízení se podobá rotační pile a je použito k vykonání [[Šaría|šaríjských]] [[Tresty|trestů]] pro zloděje.<ref>John Hall - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/iran-unveils-new-fingeramputating-machine-ahead-of-announcement-of-increasingly-severe-punishment-of-thieves-8470399.html|2=2013-01-29}} Iran unveils new finger-amputating machine ahead of announcement of increasingly severe punishment of thieves] - The Independent, January 28, 2013</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://observers.france24.com/content/20130125-iran-machine-amputating-thieves-finger|2=2013-01-30}} Iran unveils machine for amputating thieves’ fingers] - France 24, January 25, 2013</ref><ref>Lee Terrain - [{{Reference archive|1=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/01/iran-uses-machine-to-amputate-criminals-finger-in-public/|2=2013-01-30}} Iran Uses Machine to Amputate Criminal’s Finger in Public] - ABC News, January 29, 2013</ref> | *V lednu 2013, [[Irán]] odkryl svůj nový "amputační stroj" skrze svoji oficiální tiskovou agenturu, INSA. Zařízení se podobá rotační pile a je použito k vykonání [[Šaría|šaríjských]] [[Tresty|trestů]] pro zloděje.<ref>John Hall - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/iran-unveils-new-fingeramputating-machine-ahead-of-announcement-of-increasingly-severe-punishment-of-thieves-8470399.html|2=2013-01-29}} Iran unveils new finger-amputating machine ahead of announcement of increasingly severe punishment of thieves] - The Independent, January 28, 2013</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://observers.france24.com/content/20130125-iran-machine-amputating-thieves-finger|2=2013-01-30}} Iran unveils machine for amputating thieves’ fingers] - France 24, January 25, 2013</ref><ref>Lee Terrain - [{{Reference archive|1=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/01/iran-uses-machine-to-amputate-criminals-finger-in-public/|2=2013-01-30}} Iran Uses Machine to Amputate Criminal’s Finger in Public] - ABC News, January 29, 2013</ref> | ||