Sahabah
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The sahabah (الصحابة; lit. "companions"; sing. sahabi) were the companions of Prophet Muhammad. According to tradition, an individual must have: seen Muhammad, believed in his prophethood, and died as a believer in order to be considered a sahabi or companion of the Muhammad (and thereby attain the concomitant theological status).[1][2] These would exclude, for example, Ubayd-Allah b. Jahsh (brother of Zainab b. Jash, the cousin and wife of Muhammad),[3] who was considered one of the sahabah but later converted to Christianity.[4] Those that saw Muhammad but held off believing in him until after his death are not considered Sahabah but rather tabi'un (sucessors).[2] In hadith attributed to Muhammad, he says that the sahabah are among the best generation of Muslims on Earth, along with the tabi‘un and the tabu' al-tabi'een (successors of the successors). These three generations (sahaba, tabi'un, and tabu' al-tabi'een are said to comprise the salaf al-salah, or "pious predecessors".
Upon hearing or saying the name of a companion of Muhammad, Muslims are obliged to say radi Allahu anhu (lit. "Allah is pleased with him") - a practice inspired by a verse in the Qur'an.[5]
Descriptions in scripture
Sahaba in the Hadith
Sahaba in the Qur'an
Groups among the sahaba
al-Muhajirun (The Immigrants)
al-Ansar (The Helpers)
al-Badriyyun (Those of Badr)
al-Ashara al-Mubashara (The Ten of Glad Tidings)
Theological status
Sunnism
Qawl al-sahabi (saying of a companion)
Shi'ism
Requirements
Prominent companions
Later successors to Muhammad
Abu Bakr Abdullah b. Uthman
Umar b. al-Khattab
Uthman b. Affan
Ali b. Abi Talib
Wives of Muhammad
Aisha
Khadijah b. Khuwaylid
See Also
- Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia
- Salaf - A hub page that leads to other articles related to the Salaf
References
- ↑ C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs et al., eds, (1995), "Sahaba", Encyclopaedia of Islam, 8 NED-SAM (New Edition [2nd] ed.), Leiden: E.J. Brill, pp. 827-829, ISBN 90 04 09834 8, 1995
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sh. G. F. Haddad - Sahaba - LivingIslam, January 7, 2009
- ↑ Bewley/Saad 8:72; Al-Tabari, Vol. 8, p. 4; Al-Tabari, Vol. 39, p. 180; cf Guillaume/Ishaq 3; Maududi (1967), Tafhimul Quran, Chapter Al Ahzab
- ↑ Alfred Guillaume - The Life of Muhammad - Oxford University Press, 1955, reprinted in 2003. ISBN 0-19-636033-1
- ↑ Quran 9:100