Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:The Islamic Tradition Itself: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:The Islamic Tradition Itself (view source)

Revision as of 04:26, 26 January 2023

9,365 bytes added , 26 January 2023

no edit summary

[unchecked revision]

[checked revision]

Asmith

Editors, recentchangescleanup, Reviewers

4,636

edits

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{QualityScore|Lead=4|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=3|References=3}}
 {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}
+According to the traditional Sunni reckoning, Allah revealed his message to his final messenger, the Prophet [[Muhammad]]. This final revelation, the [[Qur'an]], consists of the literal words of Allah, uttered by him before the existence of all time and space. As such the Qur'an is the unassailable, perfect guide on all matters upon which it speaks, from religion to marriage to the afterlife and everything in between. The Qur'an, though, does not touch upon many matters of religion and life about which Allah cares very much. In addition, much of the Qur'an is (despite its claim to be "clear" and "evident") actually very obscure and inscrutable. In order to explain the Qur'an and to fill in the gaps of what Allah wills for man, the scholars or [[Ulemaa'|Ulama]] rely upon the [[Sunnah]] or tradition of the prophet himself, who was according to their thought [[Uswa Hasana]], the "perfect man" whose conduct in all things is an example for mankind. The traditions of his words and deeds, passed down from his closest companions and family members (the [[Sahabah]]), and eventually put to writing in the 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries, form a corpus of individual recollections called the [[hadith]]. In addition, historians working in the 8th, 9th, and 10th centuries collected historical narratives of the prophets life, which provide both prophetic examples of conduct and explanations of verses in the Qur'an. These histories are called the [[sira]] of the prophet. Together this material is taken to be the prophet's [[Sunnah]] or tradition, and along with the Qur'an it is considered by the authorities of the Sunni Islam to be the perfect, unerring guide to mankind in all matters.
 ==Qur'an, Hadith and Sunnah==
 ===Understanding Scripture===
@@ Line 17: / Line 23: @@
 ====The Qur'an is Easy to Understand====
 {{Quote|{{Quran|44|58}}|Verily, We have made this (Qur'an) easy, in thy tongue, in order that they may give heed.}}
@@ Line 95: / Line 102: @@
 {{Quote|{{Quran|49|14}}|The wandering Arabs say: We believe. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye believe not, but rather say "We submit," for the faith hath not yet entered into your hearts. Yet, if ye obey Allah and His messenger, He will not withhold from you aught of (the reward of) your deeds. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}}
-{{Quote||Abdullah bin Amar (ra) relates that the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) said "Surely things will happen to my people as happened earlier to Israelites, they will resemble each other like one shoe in a pair resembles the other to the extent that if anyone among the Israelites has openly committed adultery to his mother there will be some who will do this in my Ummah as well, verily the Israelites were divided into 72 sections but my people will be divided into 73 sections, all of them will be in the fire except one." The companions asked, 'Who are they O Messenger of Allah,' Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "They are those who will be like me and my companions." (Hadith unverified)}}
+{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||5|38|2641}}|that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What befell the children of Isra'il will befall my Ummah, step by step, such that if there was one who had intercourse with his mother in the open, then there would be someone from my Ummah who would do that. Indeed the children of Isra'il split into seventy-two sects, and my Ummah will split into seventy-three sects. All of them are in the Fire Except one sect." He said: "And which is it O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "What I am upon and my Companions."}}
 {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|40|4579}}|Narrated Abu Hurayrah (ra): The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The Jews were split up into seventy-one or seventy-two sects; and the Christians were split up into seventy one or seventy-two sects; and my community will be split up into seventy-three sects.}}
@@ Line 107: / Line 114: @@
 {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|24|3585}}|Narrated Mu'adh ibn Jabal: Some companions of Mu'adh ibn Jabal said: When the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) intended to send Mu'adh ibn Jabal to the Yemen, he asked: How will you judge when the occasion of deciding a case arises? He replied: I shall judge in accordance with Allah's Book. He asked: (What will you do) if you do not find any guidance in Allah's Book? He replied: (I shall act) in accordance with the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him). He asked: (What will you do) if you do not find any guidance in the Sunnah of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) and in Allah's Book? He replied: I shall do my best to form an opinion and I shall spare no effort. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) then patted him on the breast and said: Praise be to Allah Who has helped the messenger of the Apostle of Allah to find something which pleases the Apostle of Allah.}}
-{{Quote|Abu Dawud vol.3 no.4587-4589|In the future beware of people who hold only to the Qur’an and reject the Sunnah.}}
+{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|40|4588}}; see also {{Abu Dawud|40|4587}} & [https://quranx.com/Hadith/AbuDawud/Hasan/Hadith-4589 Abu Dawud 4589]|Narrated AbuRafi': The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Let me not find one of you reclining on his couch when he hears something regarding me which I have commanded or forbidden and saying: We do not know. What we found in Allah's Book we have followed.}}{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/hadith/AbuDawud/Hasan/Hadith-4595/ Sunan Abu Dawud 4595] (not included in the USC-MSA edition)|Sufyan said (according to one chain), and Abu al-Salit said (according to another chain):
-{{Quote|Abu Dawud vol.2 footnote 887|As it is necessary to obey the Qur’an, likewise it is necessary to follow the contents of the hadiths and sunna.}}
+A man wrote to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-Aziz asking him about Divine decree. He wrote to him: To begin with, I enjoin upon you to fear Allah, to be moderate in (obeying) His Command, to follow the sunnah (practice) of His Prophet (ﷺ) and to abandon the novelties which the innovators introduced after his Sunnah has been established and they were saved from its trouble (i.e. novelty or innovation) ; so stick to Sunnah, for it is for you, if Allah chooses, a protection ; then you should know that any innovation which the people introduced was refuted long before it on the basis of some authority or there was some lesson in it, for the Sunnah was introduced by the people who were conscious of the error, slip, foolishness, and extremism in case of (the sunnah) was opposed. So accept for yourself what the people (in the past) had accepted for themselves, for they had complete knowledge of whatever they were informed, and by penetrating insight they forbade (to do prohibited acts); they had more strength (than us) to disclose the matters (of religion), and they were far better (than us) by virtue of their merits. If right guidance is what you are following, then you outstriped them to it. And if you say whatever the novelty occurred after them was introduced by those who followed the way other then theirs and disliked them. It is they who actually outstripped, and talked about it sufficiently, and gave a satisfactory explanation for it. Below them there is no place for exhaustiveness, and above them there is no place for elaborating things. Some people shortened the matter more than they had done, and thus they turned away (from them), and some people raised the matter more than they had done, and thus they exaggerated. They were on right guidance between that. You have written (to me) asking about confession of Divine decree, you have indeed approached a person who is well informed of it, with the will of Allah. I know what whatever novelty people have brought in, and whatever innovation people have introduced are not more manifest and more established than confession of Divine decree. The ignorant people (i.e. the Arabs before Islam) in pre-Islamic times have mentioned it ; they talked about it in their speeches and in their poetry. They would console themselves for what they lost, and Islam then strengthened it (i.e. belief in Divine decree). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not mention it in one or two traditions, but the Muslims heard it from him, and they talked of it from him, and they talked of it during his lifetime and after his death. They did so out of belief and submission to their Lord and thinking themselves weak. There is nothing which is not surrounded by His knowledge, and not counted by His register and not destined by His decree. Despite that, it has been strongly mentioned in His Book: from it they have derived it, and from it they have and so ? they also read in it what you read, and they knew its interpretation of which you are ignorant. After that they said: All this is by writing and decreeing. Distress has been written down, and what has been destined will occur ; what Allah wills will surely happen, and what He does not will will not happen. We have no power to harm or benefit ourselves. Then after that they showed interest (in good works) and were afraid (of bad deeds).}}
-{{Quote|Abu Dawud vol.3 no.4595|There is no innovation after the Sunnah is established.}}
+{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|265}}|The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) narrated to us two ahadith. I have seen one (crystallized into reality), and I am waiting for the other. He told us: Trustworthiness descended in the innermost (root) of the hearts of people. Then the Qur'an was revealed and they learnt from the Qur'an and they learnt from the Sunnah. Then he (the Holy Prophet) told us about the removal of trustworthiness. He said: The man would have a wink of sleep and trustworthiness would be taken away from his heart leaving the impression of a faint mark. He would again sleep and trustworthiness would be taken away from his heart leaving an impression of a blister, as if you rolled down an ember on your foot and it was vesicled. He would see a swelling having nothing in it. He (the Holy Prophet) then took up a pebble and rolled it down over his foot and (said): The people would enter into transactions amongst one another and hardly a person would be left who would return (things) entrusted to him. (And there would be so much paucity of honest persons) till it would be said: There in such a such tribe is a trustworthy man. And they would also say about a person: How prudent he is, how broad-minded he is and how intelligent he is, whereas in his heart there would not be faith even to the weight of a mustard seed. I have passed through a time in which I did not care with whom amongst you I entered into a transaction, for if he were a Muslim his faith would compel him to discharge his obligations to me and it he were a Christian or a Jew, the ruler would compel him to discharge his obligations to me. But today I would not enter into a transaction with you except so and so.}}
-{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|265}}|Hudhaifa reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) narrated to us two ahadith. I have seen one (crystallized into reality), and I am waiting for the other. He told us: Trustworthiness descended in the innermost (root) of the hearts of people. Then the Qur'an was revealed and they learnt from the Qur'an and they learnt from the Sunnah.}}
 {{Quote|{{Muslim|1|292}}|It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) observed: What would you do when the son of Mary would descend amongst you and would lead you as one amongst you? Ibn Abi Dhi'b on the authority of Abu Huraira narrated: Your leader amongst you. Ibn Abi Dhi'b said: Do you know what the words:" He would lead as one amongst you" mean? I said: Explain these to me. He said: He would lead you according to the Book of your: Lord (hallowed be He and most exalted) and the Sunnah of your Apostle (may peace be upon him).}}
@@ Line 127: / Line 132: @@
 {{Quote|{{Muslim|31|5948}}|Anas reported that the people of Yemen came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: Send with us a person who should teach us Sunnah and al-Islam, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) caught hold of the hand of Ubaida and said: He is a man of trust of this Umma.|See also: {{Abu Dawud|18|2888}}}}
-{{Quote|Sunan Nasa'i, translated by Muhammad Iqbal Siddiqi|The Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad is therefore, next to Qur'an, the second source of Islamic law and social and personal behavior. In fact we must regard the Sunnah as the only valid explanation of the Qur'anic teachings and the only means to avoid dissensions concerning their interpretation and adaptation to practical use. The Messenger of Allah said 'I am leaving you two things amongst you after my death... the one is the Qur'an and the other is my sunnah or Hadith.' Following hadith therefore is as important as following the injunctions of Qur'an, without which the religion of Islam would be incomplete and would create dissensions among the believers.}}
+{{Quote|{{Muwatta|46||3}}|Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I have left two matters with you. As long as you hold to them, you will not go the wrong way. They are the Book of Allah and the Sunna of His Prophet."}}
 {{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/3440/fabricated%2520hadeeth|2=2012-02-02}} The misguided sect of al-Qur’aaniyyeen]<BR>Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 3440|2=Ahmad, Abu Dawood and al-Haakim reported with a saheeh isnaad from al-Miqdaam that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Soon there will be a time when a man will be reclining on his couch, narrating a hadeeth from me, and he will say, ‘Between us and you is the Book of Allaah: what it says is halaal, we take as halaal, and what it says is haraam, we take as haraam.’ But listen! Whatever the Messenger of Allaah forbids is like what Allaah forbids.” (Al-Fath al-Kabeer, 3/438. Al-Tirmidhi reported it with different wording, and said that it is hasan saheeh. Sunan al-Tirmidhi bi Sharh Ibn al-‘Arabi, al-Saawi edn., 10/132).}}
-{{Quote|Ibn Majah Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1846|It was narrated from Aishah that:
+{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1846}}|It was narrated from Aishah that:
 the Messenger of Allah said: “Marriage is part of my sunnah, and '''whoever does not follow my sunnah has nothing to do with me'''. Get married, for I will boast of your great numbers before the nations. Whoever has that means, let him get married, and whoever does not, then he should fast for it will diminish his desire.” (Hasan)}}
-{{Quote|Ibn Majah Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1989|It was narrated that 'Abdulleh said:
+{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|9|1989}}|It was narrated that 'Abdulleh said:
 "The Messenger of Allah cursed the woman who does tattoos and the one who has them done, and those who pluck their eyebrows and file their teeth for the purpose of beautification, and those who change the creation of Allah." News of that reached a woman of Banu Asad who was called Umm Ya'qub. She came to him and said: "I have heard that you said such and such." He said: 'Why should I not curse those whom the Messenger of Allah cursed ? '''And it is in the Book of Allah." She said: "I read what is between its two covers 'and I have not found that." He said: "If you read it properly you would have found it. Have you not read the words: 'And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it).'?" She said: "Of course." He said: 'The Messenger of Allah forbade that."''' She said: 'I think that your wife does it.' He said: " Go and look." So she went and looked and she did not see what she wanted. She said: "I have not seen anything!’ 'Abdullah said: "If she was as you say, I would not have kept her with me. " (Sahih)}}
@@ Line 174: / Line 179: @@
 {{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4604}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. 'Umar who said: We used to take oath to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) that we would listen to and obey his orders. He would tell us (to say in the oath): As far as it lies in my power.}}
-{{Quote|Ishaq:322|'''Allah said, ‘Do not turn away from Muhammad when he is speaking to you. Do not contradict his orders.''' And do not be a hypocrite, one who pretends to be obedient to him and then disobeys him. Those who do so will receive My vengeance. '''You must respond to the Apostle when he summons you to war.'''}}
+{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=322-323}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=669}}|‘And be not like those who said, “We hear’’ when they did not hear.’ i.e. Like the hypocrites who pretend to be obedient and are secretly disobedient to him.
+‘The worst of beasts with God are the deaf and the dumb who do not understand.’ i.e. The hypocrites whom I have forbidden you to imitate. Dumb in reference to good, deaf to truth, not understanding and not knowing the vengeance and consequence which will come upon them.
+‘Had God known that there was good among them, He would have made them listen.’ i.e. In performing for them the words which they spoke with their tongues, but their hearts contradicted them, and if they had come forth with you, ‘they would have turned their backs, going aside.’ i.e. Would not have been faithful to you in the purpose for which they had come out.
+‘O you who believe, respond to God and the apostle when he summons you to that which will quicken you,’ i.e. to the war in which God exalted you after humiliation, and made you strong after weakness, and protected you from your enemies after you had been overcome by them.}}
-{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 182}}|The people assembled in Mecca to swear allegiance to the Messenger in submission. He received from them the oath of allegiance to himself, to heed and obey.}}
+{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=182}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=61}}|The people assembled in Mecca to swear allegiance to the Messenger of God in Islam. As I have been informed, he sat for them on al-Safa. 'Umar b. al-Khattab was below the Messenger of God, lower than the place where he sat, administering the oath to the people. He received from them the oath of allegiance to the Messenger of God, to heed and obey God and His Messenger to the extent of their ability. That was the oath he administered to those who swore allegiance to the Messenger of God in Islam.}}
 ===The Qur'an Should Not Fall Into The Hands of Infidels===
@@ Line 184: / Line 192: @@
 {{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4609}}|It has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Do not take the Qur'an on a journey with you, for I am afraid lost it should fall into the hands of the enemy. Ayyub (one of the narrators in the chain of transmitters) said: The enemy may seize it and may quarrel with you over it.|See also: {{Muslim|20|4607}}, and {{Muslim|20|4608}}}}
-===Don't Ask Too Many Questions===
+===Instruction to Question the Prophet or his Sunnah===
 {{Quote|1={{Quran|5|101-102}}|2=O ye who believe! '''Ask not questions about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble'''. But if ye ask about things when the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you, Allah will forgive those: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Forbearing. Some people before you did ask such questions, and on that account lost their faith.}}
-{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|555}}| Narrated Ash-sha'bi:
+{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|555}}, see also {{Bukhari|3|41|591}}| Narrated Ash-sha'bi:
 The clerk of Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba narrated, "Muawiya wrote to Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba: Write to me something which you have heard from the Prophet (p.b.u.h) ." So Al-Mughira wrote: I heard the Prophet saying, "Allah has hated for you three things:
@@ Line 196: / Line 204: @@
 . Wasting of wealth (by extravagance)
-. '''And asking too many questions (in disputed religious matters)''' or asking others for something (except in great need). (See Hadith No. 591, Vol. Ill) }}
+. '''And asking too many questions (in disputed religious matters)''' or asking others for something (except in great need). (See Hadith No. 591, Vol. Ill), }}
-{{Quote|Narrated AbuHurayrah:
+{{Quote|{{Abudawud|40|4586}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:
-The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Controverting about the Qur'an is disbelief.
+The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Controverting about the Qur'an is disbelief.}}
-{{Abudawud|40|4586}}}}
 {{Quote|Maududi, The Meaning of the Qur'an, vol. III, pgs. 76-77|"'''The Holy Prophet himself forbade people to ask questions ...so do not try to probe into such things.'''"}}
@@ Line 212: / Line 219: @@
 (O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble.)." At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith. The apparent wording of this Ayah indicates that '''we are forbidden to ask about things that if one has knowledge of, he would be sorry he had asked. Consequently, it is better to avoid such questions'''.}}
+==Shia hadith==
+===Shirk===
+{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-1-ayatullah-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/first-greater-sin-shirk#f_a3fc3df0_8 |title=Wasa’il ul-Shia |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.) says: “The greatest of the Greater Sins is to attribute partners to Allah.”}}
+While explaining the Quranic verse 12:106, the sixth Shia Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq said:
+{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/greater-sins-volume-1-ayatullah-sayyid-abdul-husayn-dastghaib-shirazi/first-greater-sin-shirk#f_a3fc3df0_8 |title=Bihār al-Anwār |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|"[one form of Shirk is] Like the saying of someone that if so and so had not been there I would have been destroyed. If so and so had not been there I would have got that thing. In the same way is (sic) to say that if so and so had not been there my children would have perished.”}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 217: / Line 232: @@
 [[Category:QHS]]
+[[Category:Islamic History]]
+[[Category:Sirah]]
+[[Category:Hadith]]
+[[Category:Qur'an]]
+[[Category:Revelation]]
+[[ar:القرآن_والحديث_والعلماء:_التقليد_الإسلامي_ذاته]]