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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery: Difference between revisions
→Miscellaneous: Changed order + Zoroastrian and Roman laws show Islam was typical of ancient standards
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{{Quote|Ishaq:144|A rock was put on a slave's chest. When Abu Bakr complained, they said, 'You are the one who corrupted him, so save him from his plight.' I will do so,' said Bakr. 'I have a black slave, tougher and stronger than Bilal, who is a heathen. I will exchange him. The transaction was carried out.}} | {{Quote|Ishaq:144|A rock was put on a slave's chest. When Abu Bakr complained, they said, 'You are the one who corrupted him, so save him from his plight.' I will do so,' said Bakr. 'I have a black slave, tougher and stronger than Bilal, who is a heathen. I will exchange him. The transaction was carried out.}} | ||
===Attempts to Free Slaves Discouraged and Thwarted by Muhammad=== | ===Attempts to Free Slaves Sometimes Discouraged and Thwarted by Muhammad=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|47|765}}|Narrated Kurib: the freed slave of Ibn 'Abbas, that Maimuna bint Al-Harith told him that she manumitted a slave-girl without taking the permission of the Prophet. On the day when it was her turn to be with the Prophet, she said, "Do you know, O Allah's Apostle, that I have manumitted my slave-girl?" He said, "Have you really?" She replied in the affirmative. He said, "You would have got more reward if you had given her (i.e. the slave-girl) to one of your maternal uncles."}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|47|765}}|Narrated Kurib: the freed slave of Ibn 'Abbas, that Maimuna bint Al-Harith told him that she manumitted a slave-girl without taking the permission of the Prophet. On the day when it was her turn to be with the Prophet, she said, "Do you know, O Allah's Apostle, that I have manumitted my slave-girl?" He said, "Have you really?" She replied in the affirmative. He said, "You would have got more reward if you had given her (i.e. the slave-girl) to one of your maternal uncles."}} | ||
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See also {{Muslim|15|4112}} and {{Bukhari|9|89|296}} above for hadiths where Muhammad sold slaves whose masters had promised to free them. | See also {{Muslim|15|4112}} and {{Bukhari|9|89|296}} above for hadiths where Muhammad sold slaves whose masters had promised to free them. | ||
===Free a Slave Who is Beaten or to Expiate Certain Sins=== | |||
Contrary to apologetics, Islam did not bring exceptional treatment of slaves by ancient standards. Before Islam, Zoroastrian law had protections for slaves against violence, and it was considered a virtue to free a slave, who could also buy their own freedom.<ref>Irani, K.M. & Silver, M. (editors), [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ce7WjBvjENEC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87 Social Justice in the Ancient World], Connecticut:Greenword Press, 1995, p.87</ref> It was also common in ancient Rome to free slaves, so much so that Augustus [[w:Lex Aelia Sentia|had a law enacted]] to prevent manumission of slaves younger than 30 years old. In Islam, slaves are to be freed when there is violence against them, or to expiate certain sins. | |||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|15|4079}}| Zadhan reported that Ibn Umar called his slave and he found the marks (of beating) upon his back. He said to him: | |||
I have caused you pain. He said: No. But he (Ibn Umar) said: You are free. He then took hold of something from the earth and said: There is no reward for me even to the weight equal to it. I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: He who beats a slave without cognizable offence of his or slaps him (without any serious fault), then expiation for it is that he should set him free.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|64|281}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: | |||
A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "I am ruined!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Why?" He said, "I had sexual intercourse with my wife while fasting (in the month of Ramadan)." The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, "Manumit a slave (as expiation)."}} | |||
===Reward for Freeing Muslim Slaves=== | ===Reward for Freeing Muslim Slaves=== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|79|706}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "If somebody manumits a Muslim slave, Allah will save from the Fire every part of his body for freeing the corresponding parts of the slave's body, even his private parts will be saved from the Fire) because of freeing the slave's private parts."}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|79|706}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "If somebody manumits a Muslim slave, Allah will save from the Fire every part of his body for freeing the corresponding parts of the slave's body, even his private parts will be saved from the Fire) because of freeing the slave's private parts."}} | ||
===Female Slaves can be Flogged and Sold if they have Illegal Sexual Intercourse=== | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|823}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "If a lady slave commits illegal sexual intercourse and she is proved guilty of illegal sexual intercourse, then she should be flogged (fifty stripes) but she should not be admonished; and if she commits illegal sexual intercourse again, then she should be flogged again but should not be admonished; and if she commits illegal sexual intercourse for the third time, then she should be sold even for a hair rope."}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4458}}|Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib: | |||
A slave-girl belonging to the house of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) committed fornication. He (the Prophet) said: Rush up, Ali, and inflict the prescribed punishment on her. I then hurried up, and saw that blood was flowing from her, and did not stop. So I came to him and he said: Have you finished inflicting (punishment on her)? I said: I went to her while her blood was flowing. He said: Leave her alone till her bleeding stops; then inflict the prescribed punishment on her. And inflict the prescribed punishment on those whom your right hands possess (i.e. slaves).}} | |||
===Conversion of Slaves to Islam=== | ===Conversion of Slaves to Islam=== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|16|71}}|And Allah hath favored some of you above others in provision. Now those who are more favored will by no means hand over their provision to those (slaves) whom their right hands possess, so that they may be equal with them in respect thereof. Is it then the grace of Allah that they deny?}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|16|71}}|And Allah hath favored some of you above others in provision. Now those who are more favored will by no means hand over their provision to those (slaves) whom their right hands possess, so that they may be equal with them in respect thereof. Is it then the grace of Allah that they deny?}} | ||
===Taking of Slaves from Prisoners of War=== | ===Taking of Slaves from Prisoners of War=== | ||