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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology: Difference between revisions
Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Cosmology (view source)
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{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1487 |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 36:38 |publisher= |author=Ibn Kathir |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|(And the sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed). That is the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing) There are two views over the meaning of the phrase (on its fixed course for a term (appointed). ) (The first view) is that it refers to its fixed course of location, which is beneath the Throne, beyond the earth in that direction. Wherever it goes, it is beneath the Throne, it and all of creation, because '''the Throne is the roof of creation''' and it is not a sphere as many astronomers claim. Rather '''it is a dome supported by legs or pillars, carried by the angels, and it is above the universe, above the heads of people. When the sun is at its zenith at noon, it is in its closest position to Throne, and when it runs in its fourth orbit at the opposite point to its zenith, at midnight, it is in its furthest position from the Throne. At that point it prostrates and asks for permission to rise,''' as mentioned in the Hadiths.... | {{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1487 |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 36:38 |publisher= |author=Ibn Kathir |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|(And the sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed). That is the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing) There are two views over the meaning of the phrase (on its fixed course for a term (appointed). ) (The first view) is that it refers to its fixed course of location, which is beneath the Throne, beyond the earth in that direction. Wherever it goes, it is beneath the Throne, it and all of creation, because '''the Throne is the roof of creation''' and it is not a sphere as many astronomers claim. Rather '''it is a dome supported by legs or pillars, carried by the angels, and it is above the universe, above the heads of people. When the sun is at its zenith at noon, it is in its closest position to Throne, and when it runs in its fourth orbit at the opposite point to its zenith, at midnight, it is in its furthest position from the Throne. At that point it prostrates and asks for permission to rise,''' as mentioned in the Hadiths.... | ||
The second view is that this refers to when '''the sun's appointed time comes to an end, which will be on the Day of Resurrection,''' when its fixed course will be abolished, '''it will come to a halt and it will be rolled up.''' This world will come to an end, and that will be the end of its appointed time. This is the fixed course of its time. Qatadah said: (on its fixed course for a term (appointed).) means, "It has an appointed time and it will not go beyond that. It was also said that this means, '''it keeps moving in its summer orbit for a certain time, and it does not exceed that, then it moves to its winter orbit for a certain time, and it does not exceed that.''' This was narrated from `Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him. Ibn Mas`ud and Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, recited this Ayah as: (And the sun runs with no fixed course for a term,) meaning that '''it has no destination and it does not settle in one place, rather it keeps moving night and day,''' never slowing down or stopping, as in the Ayah: (And He has made the sun and the moon, both constantly pursuing their courses, to be of service to you) (14:33). which means, they will never slow down or stop, until the Day of Resurrection. }} | |||
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1487 |title=Interpretation of Qur'an 36:39 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|(And the moon, We have decreed for it stages,) meaning, `We have caused it to run in a different orbit, from which passing of the months can be deduced, just as night and day are known from the sun.' ... | |||
So, He has given the sun its own light, and the moon its (reflection of) light, and has given each its own orbit. '''So the sun rises each day and sets at the end of the day, giving one kind of light all the time, but it moves,''' rising and setting at different points in the summer and winter, thus making the days and nights longer or shorter alternatively according to the season. Its authority is in the daytime, for it is the heavenly body that dominates the day. As for the moon, '''Allah has decreed that it should pass through different phases. At the beginning of the month, the moon appears small when it rises.''' | |||
(It is not for the sun to overtake the moon,) Mujahid said, "Each of them has a limit which it does not transgress or fall short of. When the time of one comes, the other goes away, and when the time for one to prevail comes, the time of the other ceases. `Ikrimah said concerning the Ayah, (It is not for the sun to overtake the moon,) this means that each of them has its time when it prevails. So it is not appropriate for the sun to rise at night. | |||
(nor does the night outstrip the day.) means, '''after night has passed, it is not right for another night to come until it has been day.''' The authority of the sun is during the day and the authority of the moon is at night. Ad-Dahhak said, "The night does not depart from here until the day comes from here -- and he pointed to the east." Mujahid said: (nor does the night outstrip the day.) "They seek one another rapidly." The meaning is that '''there is no gap between night and day; each of them follows the other with no interval, because they have been subjugated and are both constantly pursuing one another.''' | |||
(They all float, each in an orbit.) means, '''night and day, the sun and the moon, all of them are floating, i.e., revolving, in their orbits in the heaven.''' This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and `Ata' Al-Khurasani. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and others among the Salaf said, '''"In an orbit like the arc of a spinning wheel."'''}} | |||
===Al Tabari=== | ===Al Tabari=== | ||